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January 17 edit

precautions. edit

I can't find any legal sources to precautions under international humanitarian law. please help if possible. Grotesquetruth (talk) 09:53, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Grotesquetruth, your question is very vague. Please be much more specific, and provide context. Cullen328 (talk) 09:57, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

See Responsibility to protect for a start (i.e. countries should intervene before a full-blown humanitarian crisis has taken place, and not wait until the irreparable has already taken place), but I'm not sure that's what the question is aiming at. Xuxl (talk) 10:30, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

If you accept customary international law as a "legal source", the word "precautions" appears literally in the title of Rule 15: "Principle of Precautions in Attack" in the ICRC's International Humanitarian Law Database. "In the conduct of military operations, constant care must be taken to spare the civilian population, civilians and civilian objects. All feasible precautions must be taken to avoid, and in any event to minimize, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects." ---Sluzzelin talk 14:37, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Requesting help in mapping village name and location edit

While working on art related article Draft:Ramalinga Vilasam palace I came across village name Pogalur.

Pogalur (village) - the royal seat of first Sethupathi of 17th century. Ref Page 72
Howes, Jennifer (2003). "Paintings in the Ramalinga Vilasam". The Courts of Pre-Colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Taylor & Francis. pp. 72, 75, 76, 83. ISBN 9781135789961.

Is Pogalur (village) same as of Bogalur of today, visible presently on the google map?

I am looking for help in mapping the place with very-very old maps and present maps if possible. Since (another?) Pogalur in the same state seems to be faraway.

Bookku (talk) 13:13, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Robert Sewell places Pogalūr 10 miles west of Rāmnād [1]. Searching for Sadayaka Tevar Udaiyan turns up a sketch of the area in figure 33, p. 75 of Howes, Jennifer (2003). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India. This looks to be Sathirakudi? fiveby(zero) 16:24, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Oh, sorry, i failed to fully read the question and see that is the source you already have. "Account of the Province of Rámnád, Southern Peninsula of India." (1836) from The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society has:

Pagalúr is a small village seated below the bank of a large lake of that name, lying seven miles to the west of the capital. It is celebrated as being the place at which a ceremony is performed on the installation of the zemindar or chieftain of Rámnád, This ceremony is held to be most essential, as the inhabitants of this villageare of the original stock from which the guardian of Adam's Bridge was first selected, and therefore they retain the prerogative of bestowing the title of Sétu-patti ; the zemindars, in consequence, observe to the present day to resort hither to receive the sceptre of authority, according to ancient usage ; the ceremony continues for a few hours, and consists of a variety of pompous rites.

It also looks like by the time of the report any of the fortifications would be ...in a ruined state, and almost levelled to the ground, so no use looking for those. For what it's worth, there is a maps location: Sethunadu old palace in the locale. fiveby(zero) 19:08, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Fixed OP's citation. MinorProphet (talk) 12:38, 23 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

What was the closest thing to a coke (Coca-Cola) when Abraham Lincoln was alive? edit

This isn't my only question I'm also gonna ask, was coke in middle of production during his time? Was he ever even told something like that was being made? I'd like to know. Blaze The Movie Fan (talk) 13:22, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Coca-Cola was invented a couple of decades after Lincoln was assassinated (see the "History" section of the linked article). It was originally marketed as a form of patent medicine, something that did exist in Lincoln's time (see that article for examples). Xuxl (talk) 13:48, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

However, carbonated drinks go back significantly longer. See Soft drink#Carbonated_drinks. Apparently, Schweppes started selling carbonated water in 1783, and by 1809 there were carbonated sweetened drinks, presumably not to different from modern sodas. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 14:18, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

These things in Germany, were they ported to the United States or were they just in Germany? Blaze The Movie Fan (talk) 14:43, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

That article mentions that soda fountains were present in the U.S. since the first decades of the 19th century. Bottled soft drinks were not widely distributed until the end of the century, however. Xuxl (talk) 17:19, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

The soda fountain was 'born' [in the USA] in the 1850’s, when people would seek fountain drinks from their local drugstore to cure physical ailments. At the time, many fountain drinks were concoctions or extracts of flavored, effervesced drugs. Cocaine and caffeine were among such popular drugs found in pharmacy drinks...

Soda Fountains & Their Pharmacist Inventors.

Our soda fountain article has their introduction rather earlier, with manufacture of fountain equipment beginning in 1830s, but perhaps it wasn't widespread until the 1850s. Either way, it fits into Lincoln's later lifetime. Note that Coca-Cola was originally a "health" drink containing cocaine and caffeine. Alansplodge (talk) 19:43, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

One thing I've always wondered about, did the use of cocaine back then have anything to do with worker productivity? Viriditas (talk) 02:18, 26 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Not sure if this was your meaning, but I'd like to ask, as opposed to specifically a carbonated soft drink, was there something comparable to modern Coca-Cola in terms of its cultural branding and marketing ubiquity during Abe Lincoln's time? (To ask for a linguistic example: the generic term "coke" is kind of both a metonymy of and genericized tradematked from the product Coca-Cola; so is there an earlier example of this pseudo-eponym?) SamuelRiv (talk) 20:06, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Unless the OP meant coke (fuel), which was manufactured from coal in the USA from 1817. Alansplodge (talk) 20:43, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

That word origin is different from the cola drink, which was influenced by "coke" being short for "cocaine".[2] Trying to drink the coal by-product would not be pleasant. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:08, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I wasn't gonna respond especially since I'm a break from editing and engaging in discussions on WP for the most part until February. But since you were directly addressing me, I will answer. No, when I say coke I only mean the drink coca-cola, that's the reason I put coca cola in brackets. Blaze The Movie Fan (talk) 14:41, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

A puerile representation of chief importance (...) edit

Upon it is engraved a puerile representation... a plaything

Does anybody know or have a picture of the art they're talking about here?

R. A. Stewart Macalister (1903) Fourth Quarterly Report of the Excavation of Gezer, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 35:3, 195-231, DOI: 10.1179/peq.1903.35.3.195 Temerarius (talk) 19:12, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I bet it is the slab of limestone depicted here in figure 209. --Lambiam 16:25, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Which can be seen here. DuncanHill (talk) 16:36, 18 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks for your help! R A Stewart Macalister is kinda fun to read. Temerarius (talk) 05:30, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

Resolved[reply]

Oldest monarch to ascend to throne (older than Charles III) edit

Are there any monarchs who have ascended to the throne in world history who was older than Charles III during his ascession? 2601:1C0:8301:34A0:6557:10AC:7951:6758 (talk) 19:51, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was 79 when he acceded as Emir of Kuwait.

Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was 80 when he became King of Saudi Arabia.

If you count the elective monarchy of Malaysia, then Abdul Halim of Kedah was 83 when he started his second term as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

Hopefully I have the maths right. There may be others, but it appears that no list exists on the internet of the world's oldest accedees, at least not that I could find. Alansplodge (talk) 20:19, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

(edit conflict) Gordian I was around 80 when he became Roman Emperor in the Year of the Six Emperors, though he proclaimed his son co-emperor, and he ruled for less than a month. Theodora Porphyrogenita was around 75 when her husband the emperor died and she was proclaimed ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Nikephoros III Botaneiates was also about 75 when he became emperor. I'm sure there are more examples and I don't know who holds the record (probably someone whose age is lost to history). - Lindert (talk) 20:37, 17 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

See Records of heads of state @ Age:

The oldest ruler at the time of taking office is Prem Tinsulanonda, who became regent of Thailand at 96 years 97 days old and ruled for several months.
The oldest president at the time of taking office is Mohamed Beji Caid Essebsi who became President of Tunisia at 88 years, 32 days.
The oldest monarch at the time of accession is Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah of Kuwait, who started his reign at 83 years, 96 days. -- Jack of Oz ^{[pleasantries]} 20:15, 20 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]

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