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November 24

Islands in Alaska Purchase

A question out of curiosity... why did Russia include various islands in the Alaska Purchase? Looking at the map, St. Lawrence Island is closer to mainland Russia than to mainland US, wouldn't it have made sense for Russia to keep such territories out of the sale? -- Soman (talk) 21:36, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

The Russians wanted to prevent Alaska from falling into British hands more than anything else. It was difficult to defend. One assumes that the islands would be particularly difficult to patrol and defend, given the weakness of the Russian Navy in the Pacific, and the strength of the Royal Navy. Abductive (reasoning) 22:23, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

Russian colonization of North America was motivated by the fur trade, which was quite lucrative two centuries ago. The Russians had over-hunted the Pacific coast of Siberia, causing populations of fur bearing marine mammals like sea otters to plummet. They then tried to colonize the coastal areas of the fur rich Alaskan panhandle, which had less severe weather than Alaska further north. They also established tiny settlements in Northern California and Hawaii. It worked for a couple of decades, but again, they over-hunted and sent otters and other fur bearing species into deep declines, resulting in profits being non-existent. Plus, the British were masters of fur trading in that part of the world, with far better transportation and a well developed network of fur trading across what is now Canada. By 1842, the British Hudson's Bay Company had established a sucessful fur trading post, called Fort Victoria (British Columbia) on Vancouver Island. So, the Russians decided to cut their losses, and sell Alaska to the United States. Given how fragile the existence of the Yupik peoples was on St. Lawrence Island a couple of centuries ago was, I cannot imagine how it would be beneficial for the Russians to hold onto it. Cullen328 (talk) 09:25, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Royal ambassador

Who was the Russian ambassador in Spain in 1820? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.175.7 (talk) 22:17, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

According to our article: In September 1815 Dmitry Tatishchev was appointed as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, with concurrent accreditation to the Dutch royal court, holding these positions until January 1821. Alexcalamaro (talk) 08:46, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

November 25

The Donald Trump of [insert country]

Hi,

There are many politicians around the world who are called the local Donald Trump (Argentinian Donald Trump, Dutch Donald Trump). As far as I know, no other politician as been used as a way of comparing others in recent history. Would it make sense to create an article called List of non American politicians who are compared to Donald Trump? Please don't make it political, this is not about Trump and his policies, this is about creating a new Wikipedia article. Thanks in advance. 1.53.222.228 (talk) 01:30, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

By the way, when Trump was first gaining political success in 2015/2016, he was compared to Silvio Berlusconi and Rob Ford... AnonMoos (talk) 02:46, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

I don't think so. For starters, "politicians who are called the local Donald Trump" is not at all the same thing as "non American politicians who are compared to Donald Trump". But anyway, as always when creating a Wikipedia article, you need to first find your reliable in-depth sources. Shantavira|^{feed me} 09:33, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Like for most proposed list topics, the barrier to inclusion is likely a lack of what we call "notability". A list topic is considered notable is if it has been discussed as a group or set by independent reliable sources (see WP:NLIST). So we'd need a discussion in reliable sources of the phenomenon that Trump is used as a metaphor to refer to clownish authoritarians.  --Lambiam 19:20, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Essays by Flyer 22 Frozen

Greetings, some years ago I came across either a paragraph on a talk page or an essay written by Flyer 22 Reborn regarding the differences between pedophiles, child molesters, child rapists, and child abusers/Sex Offenders. Try as I might I have been unable to find a list of all her pages in the user space (what links here didn't help, I'm not certain if the her account name change confuses such a script), and using both the advanced wikipedia search and the sigma.toolforge edit summary search were unsuccessful in locating a diff similar to what I remember. I also read/page searched the talk page archives of pages such as Pedophilia, child pornography, and child sexual abuse. I wish had screenshotted the paragraph when I first read it. Thanks for any help in tracking down this. ^Thanks,L3X1 ◊distænt write◊ 01:46, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

So neither of the essays linked from Special:PrefixIndex/User:Flyer22_Frozen/ (User:Flyer22 Frozen/"Common use" and "own" at Pedophilia article or User:Flyer22 Frozen/Hebephilia) is the essay you're seeking? Special:PrefixIndex does handle renames well: if you sub in Special:PrefixIndex/User:Flyer22_Reborn/ you'll see only the userspace subpages predating account renaming, which are all redirects to the pages under the later account name. Just trying to make sure the obvious ones are ruled out. Folly Mox (talk) 02:12, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

I read through all the pages linked there and unfortunately none of them appear to be the section I remember. Since those are all the essays she wrote I suspect the passage was either work in progress text for an article or otherwise in an archive somewhere. Thanks for the link to special:prefixindex. ^Thanks,L3X1 ◊distænt write◊ 03:44, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

History of (Roman Catholic) National shrines

In the Roman Catholic church, the 1985 Code of Canon Law describes shrines (places of pilgrimage) in canons 1230-5.. The 1917 Code doesn't appear to have an equivalent,, but places in various countries were declared to be national shrines before 1985.
On what basis were places declared to be national shrines before 1985?
And how far back does the concept of a national shrine go?
Thanks. Aoeuidhtns (talk) 11:48, 25 November 2023 (UTC) Aoeuidhtns (talk) 11:48, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Looking at that article, I wonder why the U.S. has 72 national shrines, more than any whole continent (other than North America)... AnonMoos (talk) 16:18, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

And the Philipines has 27 of them, vs 1 for Italy. Wierd. Johnbod (talk) 17:15, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

A shrine is a place visited by pilgrims and is typically associated with miracles believed to be due to the intercession of some person they believe to be a saint. To become a national shrine, it has to be approved by a conference of the national bishops, which will only do so if the veneration by the faithful of the putative saint and their belief in the miracles is widespread and the bishops approve of this veneration and belief. Both the inclination of Catholic populations to belief in miracles and that of their bishops to approve of this may be strongly divergent in different countries, which could explain such stark disparities.  --Lambiam 23:25, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Italy also has two churches listed on the "International Shrines" list. And a lot of basilicas. Aoeuidhtns (talk) 23:50, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Catholic basilicas are churches too.  --Lambiam 07:46, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

References

Zorro (TV series 1957)

In episodes 31-34 of the first season, it was robbed from a Catholic church in Peru a famous croix of Andes. Can you search if it really existed in 1820? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.135.62 (talk) 20:55, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

This, perhaps? Or, more likely inspired by that. -- 136.54.106.120 (talk) 01:14, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

November 26

Mitre Press, London

Anthony Burgess named a strange (I guess) book on war as his pick for a Neglected Books survey by Stephanie Bastek (The American Scholar, July 8, 2015; accessed online): Major Norman Walter, "The Sexual Cycle of Human Warfare", Mitre Press, London, probl. 1950s.

Has anybody ever read this - and is it interesting?

As far as I can see, Mitre Press was a small, but (mostly) very serious, publisher in London, published books at least into the 1970s. Many books of poetry, books in the 1930s on great American Women, on American film, on Kentucky folklore - just to name those which look "relevant" today.--Ralfdetlef (talk) 08:01, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

Here's a book review on ReserchGate. --136.54.106.120 (talk) 16:31, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

This review gives a link to an online copy of the book: https://www.gwern.net/docs/sociology/1950-walter-thesexualcycleofhumanwarfare.pdf (183 MB).

Sorry, I have nothing to add about the book, but I disappeared on some pleasant byways looking for information about the Mitre Press. It seems to have started about 1928 at Mitre Chambers on Mitre Street in London EC3, adding a sales office further west on Sicilian Avenue at some point. The key people were William Kingston Fudge (Bill Fudge) and his nephew Barry Kingston Shaw, and companies such as Fudge & Co, Fudge & Shaw, and Werner Shaw. Given the difficulty of finding much information, I suspect none of them are notable enough for an article, but perhaps I just haven't found the important sources. Fudge and then Shaw were the long running editors of the trade journal Bookdealer which ran from 1971 for almost 50 years, and which published a long-running series of biographical articles by Sheila Markham on people in the antiquarian book trade in London, which have been collected and published.[1] Theramin (talk) 00:35, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Aladdin and the King of Thieves

In origin, the production wanted to reveal that Mozenrath, as the main antagonist, was Aladdin's long lost twin older brother. Can you search if there're detailed info about that first plot? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.14.67.73 (talk) 12:40, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

I think this is merely a completely unsubstantiated rumour. Mozenrath's absence from the film's story led to all kinds of speculation. Tad Stones himself tweeted that Mozenrath was never meant to be the main villain in King of Thieves.^[2] This may have led to the rumour, but I suppose that if they had toyed with the idea of another role for Mozenrath in the story, he would have suggested something to that effect in the same tweet.  --Lambiam 09:45, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

How much older was this "long lost twin older brother"? A few minutes? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 01:50, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Library of Humanity

Does the UN or a comparable organization actually have the intention of establishing a human library? To save the mental products of our age as a whole for future generations? 2A02:8071:60A0:92E0:64E9:D272:CF02:D132 (talk) 18:46, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

Do you mean knowledge? Bibliotheca Alexandrina has books in three languages: Arabic, English and French.
Sleigh (talk) 23:45, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

Are you aware of The Human Library? Perhaps not quite what you are thinking of, because it "lends" people to contribute their experiences of oppression, not their mental status.-gadfium 00:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Assuming that by "mental product" you mean a product of mental labour (as apposed to material labour), this is a rather extensive category. The vast majority of mental products of our age are IMO best forgotten. Attempts to save them as a whole may burden future generations with the Herculean task of getting rid of quettabytes of clutter while faced with the impossible task of finding and saving the rare gem.  --Lambiam 09:28, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

This is partially done on the national level anyway: Many national libraries collect pretty much everything that is published in the country, cf. legal deposit. --Wrongfilter (talk) 10:03, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

But not texts on banners, commencement addresses, tweets, FaceBook posts, YouTube videos, commercials ..., all also mental products.  --Lambiam 22:51, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

partially. --Wrongfilter (talk) 22:59, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

November 27

IBAN for money transfers from the US

So, I'm in the EU and have done work for US clients and they'd always paid me through PayPal. However, my latest client works for the federal government and his superiors don't clear foreign money transfers from his bank account via PayPal. Would money order via IBAN work? International Bank Account Number only states that US banks don't recognize it as a notation for *US* bank accounts, but my account as the receiving one is in the EU. 2003:DA:CF0A:F220:9CC0:F287:59BF:13BE (talk) 02:30, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Why are you asking us? Any answers you might receive here may not be reliable. Ask your client if they can transfer the money via IBAN. --Viennese Waltz 08:11, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Because it may be a legal regulation or basic (in)capability of US banks. And even if it's technically possible, there may be legal requirements as to what he needs to do because he works for the government in order for his superiors to clear it. --2003:DA:CF0A:F209:50D8:6AFF:FD0D:F8CF (talk) 12:52, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

It depends on the client's bank. Major US banks will be able to make wire transfers to an IBAN account, but the details may differ from bank to bank.  --Lambiam 09:04, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

As said, there may be legal requirements of him as to what he needs to do first for his superiors to clear it, as he's working for the government. That's also what I'm asking you guys here about. --2003:DA:CF0A:F209:50D8:6AFF:FD0D:F8CF (talk) 12:52, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Yeah, do a wire transfer. That involves humans on both ends, so they'll be able to figure out the international incongruities. Folly Mox (talk) 13:15, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Your client should also be able to download or be emailed their bank's wire transfer form, so it can be sent to their bosses for clearance. Folly Mox (talk) 13:18, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

OR, so take with a pinch of doubt:

You may have to live with a reduction of your invoice, as 25% (from dim memory) may be mandatorily claimed by the IRS of the US client. Your tax advisor should have reliable data on that. --Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM (talk) 17:14, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Some information at Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act and IRS tax forms#W series. 2A00:23C5:E103:3301:454D:AF51:1ECF:109D (talk) 11:44, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

FATCA only applies to US citizens with foreign bank accounts. My client is a US citizen by birth, but doesn't have a non-US bank account. I'm a EU citizen by birth and only have an EU bank account. All the rest is taken care of by double tax agreements between the EU and the US, and between the US and (West) Germany that have been in effect since the 1970s. --2003:DA:CF0A:F298:28C4:E2A5:B109:A234 (talk) 22:39, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

November 28

Corporate ADR Trends in India: Sectoral Insights

I'm researching developments and trends in corporate laws and governance, specifically focusing on alternate dispute resolution mechanisms like arbitration, mediation, and conciliation in India. Could you provide insights, recent updates, and comparative studies in commercial arbitration across industries such as Pharma, Real Estate, Information Technology, Telecom, and Electricity? Additionally, I'm interested in the future perspective of mediation laws and procedures in India, and the legal impact of arbitration, mediation, and conciliation on corporate functioning and growth. Any relevant information or references would be highly valuable. Thank you! Grotesquetruth (talk) 08:08, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

No particular expertise here, but a quick Google search brought up:

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Alansplodge (talk) 17:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

The Reichenau Primer (opposite Pangur Bán)

next door to the cat

On the first recto page of the Reichenau Primer is the text of the famous poem about Pangur Bán. On the page facing that is some weird grid of diagonal words, with rows numbered up to 29, but no identification on the columns. What can it be?

Closeup here. Marnanel (talk) 15:13, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Some, if not all of the entries seem to be astrological signs, shortened as necessary - e.g. aqua for aquarius, vir for virgo. Mikenorton (talk) 15:38, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

[ec] It's some kind of calendar table. In the first row are the twelve month names; in the rightmost column there are obviously numbers from 1 to 30, and in the cells there are names of the signs of the zodiac, starting with "aquā[rius]" in the first cell of row 2. I can make out "pisces" in the second, followed by "aries", "taurus", "gemini", "cancer", "leo", "virgo", "libra", "scorp[io]", "sagit[tarius]", "caprico[rnus]". As you can see, there is usually the same word in each cell within each bottom-left-to-top-right diagonal. I can't tell you anything about the deeper meaning of the arrangements, but it seems to be a mapping from zodiac signs to single days of the year. Fut.Perf. ☼ 15:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

There's a caption under the grid! I can't quite make out the first word, which looks something like "Archie" or "Mechie", but the rest of it says "of the Benediktinershift St. Paul in Kärnten", which must refer to Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal, Corinthia. Hope this helps. --142.112.220.31 (talk) 15:58, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Oh, never mind, that just leads us back to Reichenau Primer, which was mentioned at the top. I see we already have that the thing contains "astronomical tables", so... --142.112.220.31 (talk) 16:02, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

That's of course just the library rubber stamp, it's modern and obviously unrelated to the page contents. The first word is "Archiv" (Archive). Fut.Perf. ☼ 16:03, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Oh! Of course. I should've noticed that the letterforms were different. --142.112.220.31 (talk) 23:05, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

It seems to show which constellation of the zodiac the moon is in on each day of the lunar month. The start of the month is a new moon, so the moon is in the same constellation as the sun: see for example [8]. Note that the bottom row is identical to the top row because the synodic month is a little longer than the sidereal month: Lunar month. --Amble (talk) 18:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

An assembly with no minority/opposition should be dissolved

This [9] 19th century Jewish work, section 20 of Benjamin Aryeh Hakohen Weiss's "Even Yekarah”, refers to an ancient gentile text (this usually means Ancient Greece, but not necessarily) which specifies that when the state government has no minority/opposition members, it should be dissolved and reappointed because of the importance of opposition. Can anyone help me identify the ancient text in question? Amisom (talk) 19:06, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

November 29

Gold and other prices in £

According to [10] from a gold bullion dealer, one ounce of gold cost £4.25 in January 1901 and £1,605.88 this month, so £1 in January 1901 buys the same as £377.85 now. However, according to [11] from the Bank of England, £1 in 1901 had the general purchasing power of £101.55 last month. In other words, assuming that both of these sources are roughly accurate, the price of gold relative to the general economy is 3.72 times what it was in 1901. Why is this the case? Nyttend (talk) 01:47, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

One very significant factor is that the rise in economic activity since 1901 has outpaced the rise in the amount of gold in human hands since 1901. During much of the 19th century, when currencies and finances were often tied to gold, there was a long term deflationary trend for the same reason -- the economy was usually expanding faster than the gold supply (though it might go the other way if an economic depression coincided with a mining gold rush). Since deflation is creditor friendly, while inflation is debtor friendly, whether to stay on a strict gold standard or allow "bimetallism" (both gold and silver backing the currency), became an acrimonious political controversy in the late 19th century United States, whose highpoint was the 1896 William Jennings Bryan Cross of Gold speech, extremely famous in the U.S. at the time (though it didn't really lead to any resolution of the issues). AnonMoos (talk) 02:47, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Also, there are many uses for gold in the modern world that simply did not exist in 1901. According to our own article, we use about 100 BILLION grams of gold just producing new cell phones each year. Since (as AnonMoos said), the supply has not really increased, this new demand leads to a higher price. --User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 14:19, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

For smartphones? Not just that but I believe every laptop has about 3 g of gold. 170.76.231.162 (talk) 16:59, 30 November 2023 (UTC).

Please don’t assume that gold equals purchasing power; it is merely an unwieldily alternative store of value. The end of the failed gold standard (see Great Depression) also invalidates the 1901-2023 timeline. DOR (ex-HK) (talk) 14:18, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Not sure of the point, but if the price of a pint of beer was 2d in 1901 [12], £1 would have bought you 120 pints. To buy 120 pints today (outside of London) would cost you about £480. [13] O tempora.... Alansplodge (talk) 18:58, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

https://www.macrotrends.net/2541/platinum-prices-vs-gold-prices Gold and platinum prices comparison. They can change relative to each other. 170.76.231.162 (talk) 16:44, 30 November 2023 (UTC).

Platinum was kind of a specialized niche medal until it became trendy in a ca. 1930 fad. It was not commonly the basis of currencies... AnonMoos (talk) 22:25, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

What is the Anno Mundi equivalent of BC for 'pre-start-date' events?

In the Jewish Anno Mundi system, what is the notation for referring to events before the creation of the world, such as the large eruption that occurred at Cueros de Purulla c. 5870 BC mentioned in our 6th millennium BC article? In the Anno Domini system, the notation is, as shown in that article, "BC" for "Before Christ". Is the Anno Mundi version "BC"-but-now-it-stands-for-"Before Creation", or what? -sche (talk) 04:09, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Was that event mentioned in the Bible? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 05:32, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

User:-sche -- The starting points of both the Jewish and Greek versions of Anno Mundi, as well as the starting point of the Julian day system, all precede any written human history (the Narmer Palette or whatever), so there's not much use for a pre-start-era system of dating... AnonMoos (talk) 08:12, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

You might as well ask for the notation in cosmological time for events occurring before t = 0.  --Lambiam 09:36, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Presumably anyone who wanted to refer to a date in AM more than 1 year before the (supposed) Creation (the "Year of emptiness" was a novel concept to me) could just use a minus sign, but it seems unlikely (though not impossible) that anyone wanting to use AM would also want to refer to such a date. Perhaps doing so is so rare that there is no established convention. {The poster formerly known as 87.l81.230.195} 51.194.245.32 (talk) 12:30, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

I appreciate this response. Since dateable events occurred prior to the AM system's start date, just like dateable events occurred prior to the AD start date, and since such events can be referred to in the AD system, it seemed not unreasonable to me that it might also be possible in the AM system. -sche (talk) 15:00, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

But if you really take the AM system seriously, then the question is nonsensical. You can't have dates before the beginning of time. If you accept that the world is actually older than the AM system implies, then the AD/BC system is so much more useful and readily understood as to make the development of an AM equivalent of BC pointless. And if you don't like using the Jesus-centric terminology, then the exactly equivalent BCE/CE system is available. -User:Khajidha (talk) (contributions) 16:19, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

The best one could do is to say that any particular event prior to the creation of humans must have occurred on one of the other "days" preceding it. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 17:39, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

In addition to the former comments, I've not met a Jewish person (including ultra-religious people) who don't make use of the conventional dating system. They would all know it's currently 2023. It's used for worldly matters, whereas the Jewish system is used for spiritual ones. There's therefore no need for what you're asking for, even if the question didn't appear to them to be inherently based on a fallacy. --Dweller (talk) Old fashioned is the new thing! 09:58, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

This could make sense if any esoteric works tried to give a chronology for events happening before the creation of the world. For example, in Origenism, Neoplatonism, or works like Kephalaia Gnostika or Enochic literature there can be a first creation, or creation of angels or human souls, or some other kind of Pre-existence. You could have something similar in Gap creationism. But I don't know whether there are any works that give a specific chronology for these kinds of events before the creation of our world. (Note the point is not whether such events happened or are part of any orthodox religious belief, but that there have been many ancient and modern works that propose events happening before the creation of our world, and in that context they could sensibly talk about a chronology that goes back before AM 1.) --Amble (talk) 20:50, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

The only other negative chronology (apart from Astronomical year numbering, which assumes a year zero) that I am aware of is BH (Before Hegira) for Arab dates before 17 July 622. But Islamic dates are a mess for the period before the calendar was fixed in AD 632. 2A00:23C5:E103:3301:3553:4492:6F41:3DC8 (talk) 13:29, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

December 1

Was Mahatma Gandhi a Pedophile?

A friend of mine claimed that Gandhi was a pedophile, and I wasn't quite sure whether or not that was true, so I went to the Wikipedia page; however, I can't seem to find any mention of it. I went to the talk page and found a couple mentions that seem to point to no? But I'm still not sure, so I was just wondering if there's anything that can prove whether or not that's actually true. HypnoticOcelot (talk) 02:55, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

I think you may be referring to Practices_and_beliefs_of_Mahatma_Gandhi#Brahmacharya:_abstinence_from_sex_and_food. --Amble (talk) 05:28, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

Gandhi was a rather odd, but he was not a pedophile. Perhaps you should ask your friend where they got their information. Shantavira|^{feed me} 08:40, 1 December 2023 (UTC)