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Socialism was introduced to Iran in the early years of the 20th century.[1] The movement is not only among the oldest in the Middle Eastern countries, but also in whole Asia.[2] Part of the intelligentsia who contributed to the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911) where inspired by left-wing ideas, therefore socialism was one of the roots of change during the period.[3] From 1940s until the end of 1970s, the Left were one of dominant opposition political discourses in the society and enormously impacted Persian literature.[4] A wide range of left-wing guerrilla groups with different ideologies emerged between 1971 and 1977, waging an armed struggle against the Pahlavi regime.[5] The Left not only proved influential on ideology of the Iranian Revolution, but also to enumeration of welfare state principles and defining planned economy duties for government in multiple articles of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Variants of socialism in Iran
editIslamic socialism
editIslamic socialism, as a political movement in Iran, was born in the early 1940s.[6]
Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists and its manifesto were in particular inspirational on a wide range of other organizations.[6]
References
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- ^ Sadri, Houman A.; Entessar, Nader (2009), "Iranian-Azeri Dynamic Relations: Conflict & Cooperation in Southern Caucasus", Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Nuova Serie, 76 (1): 59–79, ISSN 0035-6611, JSTOR 42740780
- ^ Mirsepassi, Ali (2004). Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-511-03676-0.
- ^ Hassan, Riaz (July 1984), "Iran's Islamic Revolutionaries: Before and after the Revolution", Third World Quarterly, 6 (3): 675–686, JSTOR 3992069
- ^ Fazeli, Nematollah (2006), "Anthropology and Modernization: Iranian Anthropology 1941–79", Politics of Culture in Iran: Anthropology, Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century, BIPS Persian Studies Series, Routledge, pp. 125–126, ISBN 9781138869790
- ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1982), Iran Between Two Revolutions, Princeton University Press, p. 480, ISBN 0-691-10134-5
- ^ a b Sadri, Mahmoud (2008). "Socialism, Islamic". In Kamrava, Mehran; Dorraj, Manochehr (eds.). Iran Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Islamic Republic. Vol. 2. Greenwood Press. pp. 456–463. ISBN 031334163X.
