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Culture edit

Main article: Mumbai culture
 
Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public library in the city

The Mumbai culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, music, and theatres. The city offers a lifestyle that is rich, cosmopolitan and diverse, with a variety of food, entertainment and nightlife, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other world capitals.[1] Mumbai's history as a major trading centre has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions and cuisines coexisting in the city. This unique mix of cultures is due to the migration of people from all over India since the 1600s.[2]

Some of the unique delicacies here include Dhansak, Khichri, Bombli Batata Bhaji, Kamag Kakri, Solachi Kadhi, Min Vela Curry and Curried Bombay Duck.[3] Local fast food available at roadside eateries includes Vada pav, Panipuri, Pav Bhaji, and Bhelpuri.[4] The city is dotted with several small restaurants that serve South Indian, Punjabi and Chinese dishes.[5]

 
Girgaum Chowpatty is one of the most famous beaches of Mumbai and a prime spot for Mumbai's roadside cuisine

Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema[6]—Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies—and the oldest film broadcast here in the early 20th century.[7] Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The world's largest IMAX dome theater is in the Wadala neighbourhood.[8] The Mumbai International Film Festival[9] and the award ceremony of the Filmfare Awards, the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai.[10] Despite most of the professional theater groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theater movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English and other regional languages.[11][12]

Contemporary art is well-represented in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded art galleries include The Jehangir Art Gallery and The National Gallery of Modern Art.[13] Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public library in the city.[14] The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in South Mumbai which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.[15] The rich literary traditions of the city have been set internationally by Booker Prize winners Salman Rushdie, Aravind Adiga,[16] and Nobel laureate Rudyard Kipling, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907.[17] Marathi literature has been modernized in the works of Mumbai-based authors such as Mohan Apte, Anant Kanekar, and Gangadhar Gadgil. Since, the city is inhabited with people belonging to varied ethnic backgrounds, there has been a change in the music culture of Mumbai. In the coastal areas, the people love to sing the Marathi Koli songs. The Bollywood music is a very popular music of the city. Besides these, the Indian Classical Music, International Pop Music, Heavy Metal Music are also quite popular.

File:Ganesh utsav.jpg
Ganesh Chaturthi, a popular festival in Mumbai

The architecture of the city is a blend of Gothic Revival, Indo-Saracenic, Art Deco, and other contemporary styles.[18] Most of the buildings during the British period, like the Victoria Terminus and Bombay University, were built in Gothic Revival style.[19] There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings like the Gateway of India.[20] Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan.[21] The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC), established in 1995, formulates special regulations and by-laws to assist in the conservation of the city's heritage structures.[18] Mumbai has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Elephanta Caves.[22] Popular tourist attractions in the city are Nariman Point, Girgaum Chowpatti, Juhu Beach, and Marine Drive.[23][24] Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,[25] and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom.[26] Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden.[27]

Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Good Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city.[28] The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theater, and films.[29] A week long fair known as Bandra Fair is celebrated by people of all faiths.[30] The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) at the historic Banganga Tank in Mumbai.[31] The Elephanta Festival which is celebrated every February on the Elephanta Islands, is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music with artists from across the country arriving on the island.[32] Public holidays specific to the city and the state include Maharashtra Day on May 1, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960.[33][34]

Mumbai has sister city agreements with the following cities:[35]

Citations edit

  1. ^ "Principal Cities". Government of Maharashtra. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  2. ^ Da Cunha 1993, p. 348
  3. ^ India 2007, p. 786
  4. ^ Srinivisan, Prassana (2003-09-02). "'Chatpat' Mumbai fare". The Hindu. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  5. ^ Frommer's India 2006, pp. 110–111
  6. ^ "Beginners' Bollywood". The Age. Sydney. 2005-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-11.
  7. ^ Vilanilam 2005, p. 130
  8. ^ Huda 2004, p. 203
  9. ^ Nagarajan, Saraswathy (2006-09-10). "Matchbox journeys". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  10. ^ "Filmfare Awards gets new sponsor". IndiaTimes Movies. The Times of India. 2006-01-11. Retrieved 2008-09-11. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Chaudhuri 2005, pp. 4–6
  12. ^ Gilder, Rosamond (October 1957). "The New Theatre in India: An Impression". Educational Theatre Journal. 9 (3). Washington, DC: Johns Hopkins University Press: 201–204. ISSN 0192-2882.
  13. ^ Green & Fairclough 2007, p. 44
  14. ^ David 1995, p. 232
  15. ^ "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya". Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
  16. ^ South India 2007, p. 66
  17. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  18. ^ a b Bavadam, Lyla (June 22 – July 5, 2002). "Mumbai, past in present". Frontline. 19 (13). Retrieved 2009-07-07. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  19. ^ "Rainswept glory". The Hindu. 2004-07-24. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  20. ^ "Mumbai's entrance -the 'Gateway' to be more tourist-friendly". The Hindu. 2007-03-04. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  21. ^ Bavadam, Lyla (April 11–24, 2009). "Forgotten classics". Frontline. 26 (8). Retrieved 2009-07-07. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  22. ^ "India: World heritage sites centre". UNESCO. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
  23. ^ Green & Fairclough 2007, p. 48
  24. ^ Green & Fairclough 2007, p. 49
  25. ^ "About Essel World". Essel World. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  26. ^ O'Brien 2003, p. 143
  27. ^ Sharma, Archana (2003-10-13). "Jijamata Udyan: A zoo without a view". The Times of India. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  28. ^ India 2007, p. 770
  29. ^ "Kala Ghoda Arts Festival". Kala Ghoda Association. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  30. ^ Shah, Shika (2008-09-17). "Bandra's spirit captured in cakes, tattoos". MiD DAY. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ "The Banganga Festival". Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  32. ^ "The Elephanta Festival". Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  33. ^ "Mumbai celebrates Maharashtra Day". The Times of India. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
  34. ^ Krishnan, Ananth (2009-03-24). "'Vote at Eight' campaign". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
  35. ^ "Official Website of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai". Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
  36. ^ "Yokohama of the World". City of Yokohama. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  37. ^ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". Official Website of the City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  38. ^ ""Stuttgart Meets Mumbai": 40th Anniversary Celebrations of the Sister City Relationship". The Embassy of India, Berlin. Retrieved 2008-02-08.

References edit

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