User:Electionworld/sandbox/Greece

Multiple timeline of Greece

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Greece, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories. Timeline of Greece

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece

Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section

The Hellenic Republic → (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία) is a republic with a parliament, the Parliament of the Hellenes, elected in free multi-party elections, a president elected by the parliament, and a government responsible to the parliament. Greece is member of the European Union. Within Greece the Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain (Αὐτόνομη Μοναστικὴ Πολιτεία Ἁγίου Ὄρους) is an autonomous state with a holy commission with representatives of the monastries and an executive committee. Greece is represented by a governor.

This timeline of Greece includes the timeline of Mainland Greece. The sub-sections give an outline of the history of Crete (until 1913), the Aegean Sea region (1204-1947) and the Ionian Islands (1185-1864). 14th century BC: Greek tribes settle in present-day Greece and the coast of Anatolia. Athens 1300s BC: The city of Athens develops into a city-state, later one of the dominant Greek states. Thebes 900s BC: The city of Thebes develops into a city-state, later one the dominant Greek states. Lacedaemon 900s BC: The city of Sparta develops into a city-state, later one the dominant Greek state, known as Lacedaemon. Kingdom of Macedonia 808 BC: Karanos, first of the Argead dynasty, is said to be the founder and first king of Macedonia. Corinth 800s BC: The city of Corinth develops into a city-state 632 BC: Cylon attempts to establish himself as a tyrant of Athens. This coup d'état fails. 734 BC: Colonist from Corinth found the colony of Syracuse. 724 BC: Sparta defeats and annexes in the First Messenian War Messenia. 668 BC: Sparta defeats the Messenians in the Second Messenian War. 508/507 BC: A revolution establishes democracy in Athens. 499: With the siege of Naxos begins the war between the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire and the Greek cities. 492–490 BC: The Persians invade Greece. Athens defeats at Marathon the Persians. 482–479 BC: The Persian King Xerxes tries to conquer Greece. He is defeated by Athens. 499: With the siege of Naxos begins the war between the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire and the Greek cities. 492–490 BC: The Persians invade Greece. Athens defeats at Marathon the Persians. 482–479 BC: The Persian King Xerxes IXerxes tries to conquer Greece. He is defeated by Athens. 499: With the siege of Naxos begins the war between the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire and the Greek cities. 492–490 BC: The Persians invade Greece. Athens defeats at Marathon the Persians. 482–479 BC: The Persian King Xerxes IXerxes tries to conquer Greece. 499: With the siege of Naxos begins the war between the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire and the Greek cities. 492–490 BC: The Persians invade Greece. Athens defeats at Marathon the Persians. 482–479 BC: The Persian King Xerxes tries to conquer Greece. He is defeated by Athens. 464 BC: The Helot slaves revolt against their Spartan masters. 478 BC: Byzantium is conquered by Sparta. 476 BC: Sparta loses Byzantium is conquered by Sparta. 460–445 BC: The First Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Thebes against the Delian League led by Athens. Thebes joins the Peloponnesian League 445 BC: The war ends with an arrangement between Sparta and Athens. 460–445 BC: The First Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Thebes against the Delian League led by Athens. 445 BC: The war ends with an arrangement between Sparta and Athens. 460–445 BC: The First Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Thebes against the Delian League led by Athens. Corinth joins the Peloponnesian League 445 BC: The war ends with an arrangement between Sparta and Athens. 460–445 BC: The First Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Thebes against the Delian League led by Athens. 445 BC: The war ends with an arrangement between Sparta and Athens. 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta. 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies. 413 BC: A Athenian expedition to Sicily fails. 411 BC: After a coup d'état in Athens Antiphon establishes a short-lived oligarchy. 404 BC: After the defeat by Sparta, Kritias stages a coup d'état in Athens and establishes a pro-Spartan oligarchy. 403 BC: Kritias is defeated and killed in a revolt stages by a group of exiles led by Thrasybulus. 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta. 431–404 BC: The Second Peloponnesian War commences between Sparta and allies and Athens and allies, leading to the victory of Sparta. 395 BC: Thebes, Athens, Corint and Argos fight the Spartan hegemony in the Corinthian War. 387 BC: The Peace of Antalcidas, guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes I, sets the boundaries of Greek and Persia n territory are set and ends the Corinthian War indecisive. 395 BC: Thebes, Athens, Corint and Argos fight the Spartan hegemony in the Corinthian War. 387 BC: The Peace of Antalcidas, guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes I, sets the boundaries of Greek and Persia n territory are set and ends the Corinthian War indecisive. 395 BC: Thebes, Athens, Corint and Argos fight the Spartan hegemony in the Corinthian War. 387 BC: The Peace of Antalcidas, guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes I, sets the boundaries of Greek and Persia n territory are set and ends the Corinthian War indecisive. 395 BC: Thebes, Athens, Corint and Argos fight the Spartan hegemony in the Corinthian War. 387 BC: The Peace of Antalcidas, guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes I, sets the boundaries of Greek and Persia n territory are set and ends the Corinthian War indecisive. 382 BC: Thebes is occupied by Sparta. 379 BC: Thebes liberates itself. 379 BC: Corinth allies with Sparta. Epirus 370 BC: In the north east of present-day Greece and in present-day Albania various Hellenic tribes led by the Molossians unite in Epirus. 359 BC: Phílip II becomes king of Macedonia. During his rule the kingdom is reorganized and Macedonia becomes the dominant Greek state. 339 BC: King [[Ateas] of Scythia is defeated by king Phílip II. Scythia falls apart. 371 BC: Thebes becomes dominant in Greece. 338-335 BC: Macedonia defeats at Chaeronea and conquers in the upcoming period Athens, Corinth and Thebes, followed by the other Hellenic polis. The polis have various degrees of allegiance to Macedonia during the upcoming era. 336 BC: After the death of Phílip II his son Alexander III, a.k.a. Alexander the Great, becomes king. Paeonia is fully incorporated into Macedonia. 335 BC: Alexandros III starts a campaign against a number of rebellious vassals. He successfully pacifies each in turn. 334 BC: Alexandros III attacks Persia. Eastern and Western Thrace are conquered by Alexandros. 333 BC: Cyprus is annexed to Macedonia. Crete is conquered by of Macedonia, later partially as a protectorate and disputed by e.g. the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. 332 BC: Alexander III conquers Egypt and becomes pharaoh of Egypt. 331 BC: Alexander III becomes Lord of Asia. 330 BC: Alexander III defeats Persia and becomes its king. 325 BC: Cyprus is part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. 323 BC: After the death of Alexander III, civil war between generals start. He is suceeded by regents. From time to time Athens tries to secede from Macedonia. A coalition of Greek cities including Athens and the Aetolian League starts the Lamian War against Macedonia. The war ends in 322 BC a Macedonian victory. 306 BC: Cyprus is conquered by the Antigonid Kingdom of Macedonia. c.305 BC: The Macedonian Empire is divided. Among the secessions are the Seleucid Empire, the Kingdom of Lysimachos and the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The Greek part is continued as the kingdom of Macedonia, since 305 under king Cassander of the Antipatrid dynasty. 288-285 BC: King Pyrrhus of Epirus is also co-king of Macedonia together with Lysimachus. 281 BC: King Ptolemaios Keraunos of Macedonia becomes also king of Thrace. 280–275 BC: King Pyrrhus commences the Pyrrhic War against Rome. Some of his battles, though successful, causes him heavy losses, so he leaves Italy in 275 BC. During this war he is also tyrant of Syracuse from 278 until 276 BC. 274-272 BC: The rule of Antigonus II in Macedonia is interrupted by Pyrrhos of Epirus. 288-285 BC: King Pyrrhus of Epirus is also co-king of Macedonia together with Lysimachus. 285 BC: Pyrrhus is succeeded in Macedonia by Antigonus II Gonatas. 281 BC: King Ptolemaios Keraunos succeeds Lysimachus and becomes also king of Thrace. 274-272 BC: The rule of Antigonus II is interrupted by Pyrrhos of Epirus. 267–261 BC: A coalition of cities led by Sparta and Athens, supported by Ptolemaic Egypt, commence the Chremonidean War against king Antigonus II. It results in a Macedonian victory which confirmed Antigonid control over the city states of Greece. Achaean League 280 BC: The Achaean League is formed, including former Corinth. 231 BC: Epirus becomes a federal republic. 215 BC: King Philip V of Macedonia becomes an ally of Carthago. 214 BC: Rome with its allies and Macedonia commence the First Macedonian War. 205 BC: The Treaty of Phoenice ends the First Macedonian War in a stalemate. 200 BC: Rome and Macedonia get into the Second Macedonian War. 196 BC: The Treaty of Tempe ends the Second Macedonian War and forces Filippos V of Macedonia to abandon all his possessions in southern Greece, Thrace and Asia Minor. 171 BC: Rome and its allies attack king Perseus of Macedonia. 192 BC: Lacaedamon is conquered by the Achaean League, led by Philopoimen. Roman Republic 168 BC: King Perseus of Macedonia is defeated by the Roman Republic. Macedonia and other Hellenic states are (de facto) annexed to the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic develops into a Latin / Greek empire, which in the easter part can be considered as the continuation of the Hellenic states. The Cretan city-states regain independence. 167 BC: Epirus is annexed to the Roman Republic 146 BC: The Aechean League is defeated and annexed to the [[user:electionworld/sandbox/Italy#146B|Roman Republic. 69 BC: Crete is conquered by the Roman Republic. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. 395: After the death of Theodosius I of the Theodosian dynasty, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire, a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western) Roman Empire. The region becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire. 1041: An uprising by Petar Delyan, who claims to be emperor of Bulgaria and controlled parts of present-day Greece, Serbia and Macedonia, is surpressed. 1204: Emperor Alexios V Doukas is defeated by the crusaders. After the sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, the participants decide with the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae to divide the Roman Empire into the Byzantine states of the Empire of the Romans (Nicaea), Trebizond, Theodoro and Epirus. The crusader states of Romania or Latin Empire, Achaea, Athens, Bodonitsa, Candia, Negroponte, Philippopolis, Rhodes, Salona and Thessalonica are separated from the empire, as is Archipelago. The crusader states are populated by Greeks, but dominated by Western European crusaders. Despotate of Epirus 1205: Michael I Komnenos Doukas becomes the first despote of Epirus in present-day Greece and Albania. 1214: Corfu falls to Epirus. Kingdom of Thessalonica 1204: Margrave Bonifacio of Monferrat becomes king of Thessalonica. Empire of the Romans 1204: Theodoros I Laskaris becomes emperor of the Romans at Nicaea. Empire of Romania 1204: Count Boudewijn IC of Flanders and Hainaut becomes emperor Balduinus at Constantinople. 1205: The Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan defeat at Adrianople emperor Balduinus. 1213-1221: The Latin Empire takes part in the Fifth Crusade that is defeated by the Arabs. 1214: The Treaty of Nymphaeum establishes peace between the Empire of the Romans and the Empire of Romania. 1224: The Empire of Romania loses most of its territories in Asia to the Empire of the Romans. Lordship of Athens 1205: Othon de la Roche becomes lord of Athens, originally as a tributary of Thessalonica, later under the suzerainity of various states. Principality of Achaea 1205: Guillaume de Champlitte becomes prince of Achaea, originally as a tributary of Thessalonica, later under the suzerainity of various states. Empire of Thessalonica 1224: King Theodoros Komnenos Doukas of Epirus conquers Thessalonica and becomes emperor of Thessalonica including Epirus. 1230: Emperor Theodoros is defeated by Bulgaria. Thessalonica is divided. Despotate of Epirus 1230: Michael II Komnenos Doukas becomes despote. Empire of Thessalonica 1230: Manuel Komnenos Doukas becomes emperor. 1248-1257: Epirus is under suzerainity of the Empire of the Romans. 1255: Arbanon becomes part of Epirus. 1258: Corfu falls to Sicily. 1246: Demetrios Komnenos Doukas is desposed as ruler of Thessalonica and Thessalonica is annexed by Iōannēs III Doukas Vatatzēs to the Empire of the Romans. {[anchor|1250}}1250: The Empire conquers Rhodes. 1258: Prince Guillaume de Villehardouin of Achaea defeats in the War of the Euboeote Succession duke Guy de la Roche and his allies. Afterwards he recognizes the rulers of Negroponte. Duchy of Athens 1260: Lord Guy I de la Roche is raised in rank to duke. 1259: Prince Guillaume II Villehardouin is defeated by the emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos and surrenders part of his territory. ← Roman Empire 1261: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos sidelines emperor Ioannis IV Laskaris defeats the emperor of Romania, Baudouin II and conquers Constantinople. The empire is continued as the Roman Empire. 1272: Epirus loses Arbanon. 1278: King Carlo of Sicily and Naples becomes prince of Achaea. 1282: Carlo loses Sicily, but remains king of Naples, therefore Achaea is ruled in a personal union with Naples. 1289: Isabelle de Villehardouin becomes princess. 1294: Filippo II, prince of Taranto, becomes prince. 1309: The Knights Hospitallers separate Rhodes from the Roman Empire. 1330: Stefan Uroš III Nemanjić of Serbia conquers after the victory at at Velbazhd Macedonia and parts of Thessaly and Epirus reaching its greatest territorial extent ever. 1311: Athens becomes an appanage of Sicily. 1318: King Jaume II of Aragon becomes also duke of Athens. 1313: He grants Achaea to Matilda of Hainaut. 1322: Giovanni of the House of Anjou becomes count palatinate of Cephalonia and Zakynthos and prince of Achaea. 1332: Giovanni becomes duke of Durazzo. Achaea falls to prince Roberto of Taranto. 1336: He acquires Cephalonia and Zakynthos 1340: Epirus is occupied by the Roman Empire. 1342: During the civil war, the Zealots take over the city of Thessalonica. Empire of the Serbs and Greeks 1348: Parts of Northern Greece are occupied by Serbia. 1350: The Zealots of Thessalonica are defeated. 1346: Roberto cedes Taranto to his brother Luigi. Despotate of Morea 1349: Morea becomes an appanage of the Roman Empire. Despotate of Epirus 1356: Epirus is restored under Nikephoros II Orsini. 1358: The Despotate of Arta and the Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto are formed with Albanian rulers. 1374: Angelokastron and Lepanto are annexed to Arta. 1356: Roman rule is restored. 1355: King Federico IV of Sicily becomes duke. 1388: The personal union with Aragon ends. After the death of duchess Maria, queen of Sicily, the Fiorentine nobleman Nerio I Acciaioli becomes duke. 1383: King Carlo III of Naples conquers Achaea. 1386: After the death of Carlo III the throne is disputed. 1411: Count palatinate Carlo Tocco of Cephalonia and Zakynthos becomes also despote. 1416: Carlo Tocco conquers Arta. 1396: Petro de Sancto Superano of the Navarrese Company becomes prince. 1432: The Roman Empiree defeats prince Centurione II Zaccaria and annexes Achaea. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1453: Emperor Konstantinos XI Palaiologos refuses to surrender and is killed during the conquest of Constantinopel by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II. The Roman Empire is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. Despotate of Morea 1453: With the Ottoman conquest of the Roman Empire, Morea becomes independent. 1454: A peasants' revolt in Morea is suppressed with Ottoman support. 1458: Athens is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1400s: Inside the Ottoman Empire the Holy Mountain Athos functions as an ecclesiastal tributary state. 1460: Morea is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1475: Samos is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1479: Leonardo III Tocco is defeated. Epirus is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1669: Candia is after a 21-year war fully annexed to the Ottoman Empire as a province. Republic of Venice 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the Great Turkish War. Morea falls to Venice. 1718: In an Ottoman-Venetian war Venice is defeated and it loses Morea to the Ottomans. 1770: A Greek uprising against Ottoman rule in Peloponnese and in Crete is suppressed. 1821: The Greek War of Independence starts. 1824: A civil war divides the Greeks in the liberated areas. 1827: The United Kingdom, France and Russia intervene. Hellenic State 1828: Greece secedes de facto from the Ottoman Empire. Naxos and Euboea become part of liberated Greece. 1829: The London Protocol formulates the boundaries of Greece with the Ottoman Empire. 1830: The second London Protocol confirms sovereignty of Greece. 1828: The rest of Greece remains part of the Ottoman Empire. Kingdom of Greece 1832: The Ottoman Empire reconizes the independence of Greece. It becomes a constitutional monarchy. The son of the king of Bavaria, Otto becomes king. 1843: After a revolution the military imposes a constitution on king Otto. 1844: Greece has a parliament and a Senate, with appointed members. 1835: Samos becomes semi-independent. 1854: A revolt in Epirus is suppressed in a few months. 1862: After a military revolt king Otto is ousted. 1863: After the removal of king Otto from the throne, prince William of Denmark is acclaimed king Georgios I of the Hellenes. 1864: The Senate is abolished and the parliament is elected on a universal male suffrage in free multi-party elections. The government is responsible to the parliament. With the Treaty of London the United Kingdom cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece. 1878: Another revolt in Epirus, is although Greek officials individually supported it, not supported by Greece and suppressed by the Ottoman Empire. 1893: Tensions arise between Slavic and Greek inhabitants of Ottoman Macedonia and between the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. 1893: Tensions arise between Slavic and Greek inhabitants of Ottoman Macedonia and between the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. 1897: Uprisings appear with Greek support. The uprisings are suppressed. 1904: The death of the Greek officer Pavlos Melas leads to a guerilla warfare in the region. 1908: The Cretan parliament declares unilaterally the union with Greece. This declaration is neither recognized neither enforced. 1908: The guerilla warfare in Macedonia ends with the Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire. 1909: After military pressure king Georgios installs a new government that passes a large amount of ground-breaking reforms demanded by the military. 1912: Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia establish the Balkan League. After an ultimatum by the League, the Ottoman Empire starts the First Balkan War. Samos joins Greece. Greece conquers Northern Epirus. 1912: The Ottoman Empire loses Icaria. 1913: Upon the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Greece recognizes the union with Crete. Greece is enlarged with parts of the Ottoman Empire and Icaria is annexed to Greece. Within Greece Athos becomes the Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain. Western Thrace 1913: Western Thrace is ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Bulgaria. Western Thrace secedes the same year from Bulgaria as an unrecognized state. 1914: Northern Epirus secedes from Albania and is annexed to Greece the same year. 1916: A internal political dispute leads to an intervention of the United Kingdom and France and the recognition of a contra-government. Part of Northern Epirus is occupied by France, that establishes the republic of Korçë. Northern Epirus itself is annexed to Greece. 1917: King Konstantínos abdicates and Greece is re-united. Alexandros becomes king. Greece joins the Allied Powers in World War I. Kingdom of Bulgaria 1913: Western Thrace is reincorporated into Bulgaria. 1919: Following the defeat and the occupation of the Ottoman Empire, the Mustafa Kemal leads the Turkish War of Independence against Greece and others. Bulgaria withdraws from Western Thrace. 1920: The Treaty of Sèvres between the France, the United Kingdom and Italy and other allied powers with the Ottoman Empire ends the war. The Ottoman Empire is partitioned and it loses part of the country to Greece. The Turkish independence war continues. Greece is a founding member of the League of Nations. Bulgaria cedes Western Thrace to Greece. 1921: Northern Epirus is reincorporated into Albania. 1922: Greeces loses the war. With the Treaty of Lausanne it loses lands initially ceded to Greece and a population exchange is agreed. Following the defeat, army officers revolt against the royal government and force the abdication of the restroed king Konstantínos. 1923: A diplomatic and military crisis between Greece and Italy occurs in Corfu. Italy shortly occupies Corfu, but evacuates it the same year. A coup d'état attempt to resore royal power fails. Hellenic Republic 1924: Greece becomes a democratic republic. Greece gets a president elected by parliament. The parliament becomes bicameral with the establishment of an elected senate. The government is responsible to the parliament. 1925: After an incident involving sentries on the border, Greek troops invade Bulgaria. After the League of Nations condemned the invasion, Greece withdraws .Greece becomes a military dictatorship under Theodoros Pangalos. 1926: Democracy is restored. Kingdom of Greece 1935: Greece becomes a dictaorshop and king Georgios II returns to the throne. The senate is abolished. 1936: Ioannis Metaxas assumes dictatorial powers. 1938: A coup attempt in Chania fails. 1940: Italy invades Greece. Greece occupies Northern Epirus in Albania. Kingdom of Italy 1941: Part of Greece is occupied by Italy. Hellenic State → Nazi Germany 1941: Nazi Germany together with Bulgaria and Italy invades and conquers Greece. Greece is divided between them. Germany creates a puppet state, the Hellenic State. Athos is occupied by Nazi Germany. 1942: The left wing Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the right-wing National Republican Greek League (EDES) are the armed resistance against the German occupation. Kingdom of Bulgaria 1941: Part of Greece is annexed to Bulgaria. 1943: The Italians are replaced by Nazi Germany. Kingdom of Greece 1944: Greece is liberated. The government is responsible to the parliament, elected in free multi-party elections. The ELAS starts to attack other armed resistance groups in an attempt to control the country. A civil war commences. After the liberation of Athos, it has a holy commission with representatives of the monastries and an executive committee. Greece is represented by a governor. 1945: Greece is a founding member of the United Nations. 1946: The ELAS is succeeded by the Democratic Army of Greece. 1947: The Italian Aegean Islands are incorporated into Greece. 1949: The Democratic Army of Greece is defeated and the civil war ends. Greece joins the Council of Europe. 1951: A coup attempt by far-right officers fails. 1952: Greece joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and introduces universal suffrage. 1967: After a military coup d'état the governemt is is overthrown. King Konstantínos II hands over power to a regent and goes in exile. Greece becomes a military dictatorship. Greece withdraws the Council of Europe. A royal counter-coup fails. Hellenic Republic 1973: Greece becomes a republic. 1974: After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus the dictatorship collapses. Democracy is restored with a president elected by parliament. The government is responsible to the parliament elected in free multi-party elections. Greece rejoins the Council of Europe. In a referendum the abolishment of the monarchy is confirmed. The first president is Michail Stasinopoulos. 1975: Far-right officers sympathetic to the dictatorshop fail in an attempt to restore the dictatorship. 1981: Greece joins the European Communities, predecessors of the European Union.

Timeline of the Aegean Sea Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section

This sub-section gives an outline of the history of the entities in and around the Aegean Sea. The history of the region before 1204 can be found at the main section on Greece. Roman Empire until 1204: The islands in the Aegean Sea belong as the other parts of present-day Greece to the Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire. After the sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, the participants decide with the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae to divide the Roman Empire. Rhodes 1204: Rhodes becomes independent under Leon Gabalas. Empire of Romania 1205: Lesbos and other islands in the Northern Aegean Sea fall to the Latin Empire, a.k.a. Romania. Empire of the Romans 1204: After the collapse of the Roman Empire, part of the Aegean Islands become part of the Empire of the Romans at Nicaea. Lordship of Negroponte 1204: Crusaders conquer Euboea and Jacques II of Avesnes becomes lord of Negroponte as a fief of Thessalonica. 1205: Negroponte becomes a triarchy. Duchy of the Archipelago 1207: Marco I Sanudo, a nobleman from Venice, becomes the first duke of the Archipelago and separates it from the Empire of the Romans. c. 1224: Lesbos is conquered by the Empire of the Romans. Republic of Genoa 1248: Rhodes is conquered by Genoa. 1250: The Empire of the Romans conquers Rhodes. Roman Empire 1261: The empire is continued as the Roman Empire. Rhodes 1309: The Knights Hospitallers led by grandmaster Foulques de Villaret separate Rhodes from the Roman Empire. 1343-1351: The Knights Hospitaller take part in the Smyrniote crusades against Turkish pirates in the Aegean Sea. Lordship of Chios → Genoa 1304: The Genoese admiral Benedetto I Zaccaria becomes lord of Chios, including Samos and Icaria. 1329: Chios returns to Roman control. Maona of Chios and Phocaea → Genoa 1346: The Genoese company Maona di Chio e di Focea acquieres Chios. 1348: The original shareholders that lived in Genoa sell their shares to colonists in Chios, led by the Giustiniani family. Lesbos → Genoa 1354: Lesbos is granted as a fief to the Genoese Francesco Gattilusio. 1383: The Sanudo dynasty is replaced by the Crispo dynasty with duke Francesco I Crispo. 1390: When the last triarchs, Niccolo III dalle Carceri and Giorgio III Ghisi, die, they leave Negroponte to Venice, which establishes complete predominance while maintaining the triarchic system. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1462: Lesbos is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1475: Samos is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1470: Negroponte is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1481: Ikaria falls to Rhodes. 1521: Rhodes loses Ikaria to the Ottoman Empire. 1522: After a siege Rhodes falls to the Ottoman Empire. The Knights Hospitallers move to Malta. 1537: The duchy becomes a tributary of the Ottoman Empire. 1566: The Ottoman Empire conquers Chios and the archipelago and appoints Giuseppe Nasi as duke of the Archipelago. 1579: The Archipelago is annexed to the Ottoman Empire. Principality of Samos → Ottoman Empire 1835: Samos becomes semi-independent with prince Stefan Bogoridi assisted by a governing council. Samos has a parliament elected on a limited suffrage. Hellenic State 1828: Naxos and Euboea become part of liberated Greec. Kingdom of Greece 1832: Greece becomes a kingdom. Dodecanese → Italy 1911: Italy conquers the Dodecanese Islands from the Ottoman Empire. 1912: The Dodecanese get a military governor. Free State of Icaria 1912: Icaria secedes and has its own provisional president and government. 1912: Samos joins Greece. 1920: The king appoints a viceroy to govern the islands. 1913: Icaria and most of the Northern Aegean Islands are annexed to Greece. Kingdom of Italy 1923: The Dodecanese is formally annexed to Italy as the Italian Aegean Islands and is governed by an Italian governor. Hellenic Republic 1924: Greece becomes a republic. Kingdom of Greece 1935: Greece becomes a kingdom. Hellenic State Nazi Germany 1941: Greece is occupied by |Nazi Germany]] 1943: Nazi Germany takes over the islands, nominally remaining part of the Italian Social Republic. Kingdom of Greece 1944: Greece is liberated. 1945: The United Kingdom conquers and administrates the islands. 1947: The Aegean Islands are incorporated into Greece.

Timeline of Crete Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section

ca. 3300 BC: Present-day Crete is the centre of the Minoan civilization with its city-states like Knossos and Phaestos. ca 1420 BC: Crete is part of the Mycenaean civilization. 1000 BC: Crete has a pattern of combative city-states. Kingdom of Macedonia 333 BC: Crete is part of Macedonia, later partially as a protectorate and disputed by e.g. the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. 168 BC: The Cretan city-states, like Knossos, Gortyn, Ierapetra and Chania regain independence. Roman Republic 69 BC: Crete is conquered by the Roman Republic. Roman Empire 27 BC: Gaius Octavianus becomes sole ruler of Rome and as Augustus the first emperor. 395: After the death of Theodosius I of the Theodosian dynasty, the Roman Empire is partitioned in the (Eastern) Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire, a Greek dominated empire, and the (Western) Roman Empire. Crete becomes part of the Eastern part of the Empire. Emirate of Crete → Arab Caliphate 820: Crete is conquered by the Arab Caliphate and ruled by emir Umar ibn Hafs ibn Shuayb ibn Isa al-Balluti. Roman Empire 961: Emir ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿUmar al-Qurṭubī is defeated and Crete is conquered by the Roman Empire, that establishes the province of Crete Kingdom of Candia → Venice 1205: Venice conquers Crete and makes Giacomo Tiepolo king of Candia, a Venetian colony. 1648: The Ottoman Empire invades Crete to conquer it. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1669: After the Siege of Candia, Candia is fully annexed to the Ottoman Empire as a province. 1770: A Greek uprising against Ottoman rule in is suppressed. 1866: A revolt against Ottoman power in Crete commences. The Ottoman army stages a massacre at the Arkadi Monastery. 1869: The Cretan revolt is defeated. The political rights of Christians in Crete are strengthened. Crete → Ottoman Empire 1878: A revolt ends with the Pact of Halepa that accords a certain number of concessions to the Cretan people. Crete becomes autonomous and gets a parliament and a governor. 1889: The autonomous status is dissolved. 1897: The Great Powers ( United Kingdom, France, Italy and Russia) govern the island temporarily through a committee of four admirals. Crete 1898: Crete is effectively detached from the Ottoman Empire (de jure under suzerainty) and gets a high-commissioner and a parliament. 1908: The Cretan parliament declares unilaterally the union with Greece. This declaration is neither recognized neither enforced. Kingdom of Greece 1913: Upon the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Greece recognizes the union with Crete.

Timeline of the Ionian Islands Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Greece Aegean Sea - Crete - Ionian Islands - Other regions in main section

Roman Empire until 1185: The islands in the Ioinian Sea belong as the other parts of present-day Greece to the Roman Empire, also rendered as Byzantine Empire. After the sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, the participants decide with the Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae to divide the Roman Empire. County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos 1185: Grand admiral Margarito secedes Cephalonia and Zakynthos from the Roman Empire and becomes as count palatinate a vassal of Sicily. Republic of Genoa 1197: Corfu is conquered by Genoa. 1195: Maio I Orsini becomes count palatinate, bringing the Orsini family to the throne. Republic of Venice 1207: Genoa loses Corfu to Venice. Despotate of Epirus 1214: Corfu falls to Epirus. Empire of Thessalonica 1224: Epirus merges into Thessalonica. Despotate of Epirus 1230: Epirus is separated from Thessalonica. Kingdom of Sicily 1258: Corfu falls to Sicily. Kingdom of Naples 1282: Corfu falls to Naples. 1322: Giovanni of the House of Anjou becomes count palatinate and prince of Achaea. 1332: Giovanni becomes duke of Durazzo. 1336: Cephalonia and Zakynthos fall to prince Roberto of Taranto. 1346: Roberto cedes Taranto to his brother Luigi. 1357: Roberto is as count palatinate succeeded by Leonardo I Tocco, bringing the Tocco family to the throne. Republic of Venice 1363: Venice conquers part of the Ionian Islands from Naples and from Cephalonia and Zakynthos. 1411: Count palatinate Carlo I Tocco becomes also despote of Epirus. 1479: Count palatinate and despote Leonardo III Tocco is defeated by the Ottoman Empire. Cephalonia and Zakyntos are divided between Venice and the Ottoman Empire. 1479: Zakyntos becomes part of the Venetian Ionian Islands. 1499: Venice and the Ottoman Empire commence the Ottoman-Venetian War for control of the lands that were contested between the two parties in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1479: Cephalonia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire. 1499: Venice and the Ottoman Empire commence the Ottoman-Venetian War for control of the lands that were contested between the two parties in the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea. 1500: Cephalonia becomes part of the Venetian Ionian Islands. 1503: Venice is defeated. It loses strongholds in Morea, buth Cephalonia and Ithaca remain Venetian. French Republic 1797: France annexes the Ionian Islands. Septinsular Republic 1800: The Septinsular Republic is established as a joint Russian and Ottoman protectorate. 1807: The Republic becomes a French protectorate and the constitution is abolished. 1809: The islands are partly occupied by the United Kingdom. United States of the Ionian Islands 1815: A British protectorate is established. Spiridon Theotokis becomes head of government. 1817: The Ionian Islands become a federal state under the direction of a British high commissioner. The islands have an executive senate with a president and a parliament elected on a limited suffrage. 1849: The suffrage is extended. Kingdom of Greece 1864: With the Treaty of London the United Kingdom cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece.