This is a list of genera in the plant family Apocynaceae. As currently circumscribed, the family contains over 5000 species in more than 350 genera.[1] In the most recently published comprehensive taxonomy,[2] which is followed here, 366 genera are distributed in five subfamilies, 25 tribes and 49 subtribes, the first time in over a decade that subtribes are recognized. This classification, although its authors do not acknowledge it, is not strictly phylogenetic, as two of its largest subfamilies (Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae) are paraphyletic stem groups.[3][4][5] It is in fact impossible to divide the family into strictly monophyletic groups above tribal level.[N 1]
Genera edit
Unless otherwise stated, distribution and species number data are derived from the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (except for Asclepiadoideae), and type species information is taken from Index Nominum Genericorum. Numerous typographic errors in dates and page numbers by Endress & al. have been corrected.[2] When describing distributions, archipelagos and islands (e.g. the Caribbean, the Comoros, the Mascarenes, Madagascar) are excluded from Africa and Tropical America unless otherwise specified.
Notes edit
- ^ See in particular the phylogenetic trees of the family in Rapini (2012)[5] and Nazar et al. (2013).[1]
- ^ A second date given in parentheses indicate the printed date on the work, when that date differs from the actual date of publication. This may occur because the work was distributed at a different date, or because a book was printed in multiple issues bound together at a later date.
- ^ The place of publication is usually ascribed to Plantas Novas do Brasil.:707, a small collection of plates with description, mostly reprinted from Archivo Medico Brasileiro (Stafleu & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 1:30, supp. 1:69-71).
- ^ The correct name is Geissospermum laeve (Vell.) Miers.
- ^ Properly known as Microplumeria anomala (Müll.Arg.) Markgr.
- ^ A synonym of Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link.
- ^ a b c d e f g Although a preprint of Brown's paper was made available alongside his Prodromus the year before (Stafleu & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 1:366), it is cited here from its intended place of publication for convenience.
- ^ Alstonia without Tonduzia (which WCSP includes in it) is a paleotropical genus.
- ^ Now treated as a synonym of Tonduzia longifolia (A.DC.) Markgr.
- ^ Kosteletzky based his new genus on material from the Hortus Malabaricus which William Roxburgh had preciously described as a species of Echites (Suresh & Nicolson Taxon 35(2):354-355, 1986). The correct name is Kamettia caryophyllata (Roxb.) Nicolson & Suresh.
- ^ This is usually cited in abbreviated format from Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, which was integrated in the Ceylon Journal of Science in 1924 without changing its numbering.
- ^ Link is from a 1812 reprint in Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa.
- ^ A typographic error lead to the name being originally published as "Parahancornea". THis was corrected in an errata.
- ^ Now treated as Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir.) Benoist.
- ^ Marcel Pichon (1953; Mém. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire 35:211) originally published this genus as Orthandra but such a name already existed (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin–Dahlem 15:13. 1940; =Mortoniodendron) for a genus of Malvaceae.
- ^ This may refer to South Sudan
- ^ Johannes Müller had treated this group as Tabernaemontana sect. Stenocephalium, but a genus Stenocephalum (Jahresber. Pollichia 20/21:385, 1863; Asteraceae:Vernonieae) already existed.
- ^ This would have been Trichosiphon, based on Marcel Pichon's Molongum sect. Trichosiphon, were it not for a preexisting overly similar genus of Sterculiaceae, Trichosiphum (Melet. Bot. :34, 1832; =Brachychiton).
- ^ The species correct name isCrioceras dipladeniiflorus (Stapf) K.Schum.
- ^ a b c Thouars did not describe any species of his new genera, which Römer and Schultes were the first to do, automatically establishing it as lectotype.
- ^ This species is now known as Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Müll.Arg.) Pichon.
- ^ Not to be confused with the 1832 edition, which removed material by Wallich.
- ^ Now treated as a synonym of Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardner ex Thwaites.
- ^ Now treated under Picralima nitida (Stapf) T.Durand & H.Durand.
- ^ A synonym of Pteralyxia laurifolia.
- ^ Now known as Anechites nerium.
- ^ Don's name is an illegitimate renaming of Lamarck's Cestrum oppositifolium. The correct name is Acokanthera oppositifolia
- ^ Now known as a synonym of Wrightia antidysenterica (L.) R.Br.
- ^ A replacement name for Britton's earlier Bracea (Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3:448; 1905), which George King had already used 10 years earlier (J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 64:101) for a genus now treated under Sarcosperma (Sapotaceae).
- ^ Lindley inappropriately renamed Carl Linnaeus the Younger's Echites succulentus, and the correct name is thus Pachypodium succulentum (L.f.) Sweet
- ^ This was originally Hasseltia (Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16:1045; 1826), but that name was already in use for a genus of neotropical trees.
- ^ THe correct name of this species is Malouetiella milbraedii (Gilg & Stapf) Pichon.
- ^ This species' correct name is Pentalinon luteum (L.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin.
- ^ A species now known as Macropharynx spectabilis (Stadelm.) Woodson.
- ^ The genus is in all likelihood polyphyletic and will be split when its next monograph is published (Morales, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(1):13-21, 2010; Phytotaxa 29:28–32, 2011)
- ^ Now treated as Odontadenia macrantha (Roem. & Schult.) Markgr.
- ^ This genus was inadvertently defined with the same type species as Forsteronia, rendering it illegitimate. This small group of species cannot be segregated from that genus without conservation of Forsteronia with a different type.
- ^ Now known as Mandevilla laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Woodson.
- ^ This species' accepted name is Vallaris glabra (L.) Kuntze.
- ^ Erroneously given as "Apocyinae" in Endress & al. (2014).
- ^ a b Sometime cited as Pierre alone. The correct place of publication is possibly Spire's Ph.D. thesis published the year before (Contr. Apoc.:43), but is cited here from a more accessible, frequently cited source for convenience.
- ^ A species now known as Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston.
- ^ Lemaire's name is a replacement for Alphonse de Candolle's Rhynchospermum (Prodr. 8:431; 1844), a name that had already been used (Syll. Pl. Nov. 2:7;1828) by Caspar Reinwardt for a genus of Asteraceae.
- ^ Aganosma heynei (Spreng.) I.M.Turner is the correct name for this species.
- ^ This species is now placed in Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
- ^ Now known as Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida
References edit
- ^ a b Nazar, Nazia; Goyder, David J.; Clarkson, James J.; et al. (2013). "The taxonomy and systematics of Apocynaceae: where we stand in 2012". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 171 (3): 482–490. doi:10.1111/boj.12005.
- ^ a b Endress, Mary E.; et al. (2014). "An updated classification for Apocynaceae". Phytotaxa. 159 (3): 175–194. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2.
- ^ Stevens, Peter F. (2001-). "Gentianales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, version 13. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Lens, Frederic; Endress, Mary E.; Baas, Pieter; et al. (2008). "Wood anatomy of Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae): a search for meaningful non-DNA characters at the tribal level". American Journal of Botany. 95 (10): 1199–1215. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800159. PMID 21632325.
- ^ a b Rapini, Alessandro (2012). "Taxonomy "under construction": advances in the systematics of Apocynaceae, with emphasis on the Brazilian Asclepiadoideae". Rodriguésia. 63 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1590/S2175-78602012000100007.
- ^ de Martius, C.F.P.; Zuccarini, J. G. (1824). "Ankündigung der Fortsetzung eines Werkes über brasilianische Pflanzen". Flora (in German). 7 (1, supp. 4): 129–142, 135.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Allemão, Francisco Freire (1845). "Geissospermum Vellosii (Genus Novum)". Archivo Medico Brasileiro (in Latin and Portuguese). 2 (4): 73–79. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k de Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (1844). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (in Latin). Paris: Treuttel et Würtz.
- Anodendron vol. 8, p. 443
- Atherandra vol. 8, p. 443
- Baissea vol. 8, p. 424
- Camptocarpus, p. 493
- Craspidospermum vol. 8, p. 323
- Haplophyton vol. 8, p. 412
- Laubertia vol. 8, p. 486
- Malouetia vol. 8, p. 378
- Mascarenhasia vol. 8, p. 487
- Motandra vol. 8, p. 423
- Secondatia vol. 8, p. 445
- ^ a b c d Baillon, H. (1888). "Types nouveaux d'Apocynacées". Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris (in French). 1 (94): 747–760.
- ^ a b c d Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1876). Genera Plantarum (in Latin). Vol. 2(2). London: A. Black.
- ^ Ruiz, Hipólito; Pavón, Joseph (1796). Flora Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus. Madrid: imprenta de Sancha. p. 28.
- ^ a b c d e f Brown, Robert (1811). "On the Asclepiadeae, a Natural Order of Plants Separated from the Apocinae of Jussieu". Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society. 1 (1): 12–78.
- ^ Hooker, J.D. (1882). "On Dyera, a new Genus of Rubber-producing Plants belonging to the Natural Order Apocynaceæ, from the Malayan Archipelago". Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany. 19: 291–293. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1882.tb00374.x.)
- ^ a b Blume, C.L. (1823). Catalogus van eenige der Merkwaardigste Zoo in- als Uitheemse Gewassen te Vinden in 's Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg (in Latin). s.l.: s.n.
- ^ de Jussieu, Antoine Laurent. "Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita" (in Latin). Paris: Herissant et Theophilum Barrois: 144–145.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Milbraed, J. (1926). "Plantae Tessmannianae peruvianae III". Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem (in German). 9 (89): 964–997, 981. doi:10.2307/3994448.
- ^ Pittier, Henry (1908). "Tonduzia, a new genus of Apocynaceae from Central America". Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. 12: 103–104.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Linnaeus (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin).
- ^ a b c d e Don, George (1837). A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants. Vol. 4. London: J.G. and F. Rivington.
- ^ Kosteletzky, V.F. (1834). Allgemeine medizinisch-pharmazeutische Flora (in German). Vol. 3. Mannheim: H.Hoff. p. 1062.
- ^ Livera, E.J. (1926). "Some new Ceylon plants". Ceylon Journal of Science. Section A. Botany. 10 (1): 139–144.
- ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference
Pierre1898was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Diagnoses Africanae: XXIII". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 1908 (6): 257–262, 259. 1908. doi:10.2307/4111575.
- ^ Jack, William (1823). "Account of the Lansium and some other Genera of Malayan Plants". Transactions of the Linnean Society. 14 (1): 114–130, 121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00083.x.
- ^ Roxburgh, William (1820). Plants of the coast of Coromandel. Vol. 3. London: W. Bulmer and Co. p. 77.
- ^ a b c d Fusée Aublet (1775). Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Francoise (in French). Vol. 2 (suppl.). London: Didot.
- ^ Gomes, Bernardino António (1803). Observationes botanico-medicae de nonnullis Brasiliae plantis (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Typografia da Academia Real das Sciencias. p. 51.
- ^ Karsten (1856). "Plantae Columbianae". Linnaea (in German). 28: 241–282, 387–572, 449.
- ^ Ducke, Adolpho (1922). "Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la région amazonienne (IIe Partie)". Archivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (in French). 2: 3–270, 242.
- ^ a b Pichon, Marcel (1953). Monographie des Landolphiées: Classification des Apocynacées, XXXV. Mémoires de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire, 35 (in French). Dakar: IFAN.
- Chamaeclitandra, p. 202
- Saba, p. 302
- ^ a b Hooker, William Jackson, ed. (1849). Niger Flora, or, An enumeration of the plants of western tropical Africa, collected by the late Dr. Theodore Vogel. London: Hippolyte Bailliere.
- ^ Palisot-Beauvois, A.M.J.F. (1803). Flore d'Oware et de Bénin, en Afrique. Paris: Bleuet. p. 54.
- ^ Huber, H. (1962). "Tropical African Plants: XXV. West African apocynaceae". Kew Bulletin. 15 (3): 437–438. doi:10.2307/4115617.
- ^ a b Stapf, Otto (1902). "Apocynaceae". In Daniel, Oliver; Dyer, William Turner Thiselton (eds.). Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 4(1). London: L.Reeve & Co. pp. 24–230.
- ^ Pichon, Marcel (1948). "Classification des Apocynacées: I. Carissées et Ambelaniées". Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, série B, Botanique (in French). 24: 111–181, 167.
- ^ a b Zarucchi, James L. (1987). Series Of Revisions of Apocynaceae. Part XXIV: A Revision of the Tribe Ambelanieae (Apocynaceae-Plumerioideae). Agricultural University Wageningen Papers, 87(1). Wageningen: Agricultural university. ISBN 90-6754-100-1.
- Mucoa, p. 40
- Spongiosperma, p. 48
- ^ a b c Miers, John (1878). On the Apocynaceae of South America. London: Williams and Norgate.
- ^ a b c Schummann, K. (1895). "Apocynaceae" and "Asclepiadaceae". In Engler, Adolf; Prantl, Karl (eds.). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (in German). Vol. 4(2). Leipzig: Engelmann. pp. 109–306.
- ^ Pierre, L. (1897). "Sur le genre Crioceras, de la famille des Apocynacées". Bulletin mensuel de la société Linnéenne de Paris (in French). 1 (165): 1310–1312.
- ^ Baillon, H. (1889). "Sur l'Obouété du Gabon". Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Paris (in French). 1 (95): 782–783.
- ^ a b c Genera Nova Madagascariensia (in Latin). s.n.s.l. 1806.
- ^ Ficalho, Count; Hiern, W.P. (1881). "On Central-African Plants collected by Major Serpa Pinto". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2, Botany. 2 (1): 11–36, 22. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1881.tb00002.x.
- ^ Forster, Johann Reinhold; Georg, Forster (1776). Characteres generum plantarum, quas in itinere ad insulas maris Australis (in Latin). London: B.White, T.Cadell, & P.Elmsly. p. 37.
- ^ Meyer, Ernest (1835). Commentariorum de plantis Africae Australioris (in Latin). Leipzig: Leopoldum Voss. p. 188.
- ^ Roxburgh, William; Wallich, Nathaniel (1824). Carey, William (ed.). Flora Indica. Vol. 2. Serampore: Mission Press. p. 531.
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- ^ Fraser, Thomas (1788). Flora Caroliniana (in Latin). London: J. Fraser. p. 98.
- ^ Desfontaines (1822). "Description d'un nouveau genre". Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (in French). 8: 119–121.
- ^ a b c Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen (in Latin). London: R. Taylor & Co.
- ^ Decaisne, J. (1849). "Nouveau Genre appartenant à la famille des Apocynées". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, série 3 (in French). 12: 192–196.
- ^ Valeton, Th. (1895). "Description d'un nouveau genre appartenant à la famille des Apocynacées". Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg (in French). 12: 248–253.
- ^ a b Linnaeus (1767–1771). Mantissa Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ a b Römer, Johann Jacob; Schultes, Joseph August (1817–1830). Caroli a Linné Equitis Systema vegetabilium. Stuttgart: J.G. Cottae.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Woodson, Robert E., Jr. (1939). "New or Otherwise Noteworthy Apocynaceae of Tropical America. VII". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 (4): 257–259.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Grisebach, A.H.R. (1864). Flora of the British West Indian Islands. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. p. 410.
- ^ Sebert, H. (1874). Notice sur les bois de la Nouvelle Calédonie (in French). Paris: Arthus Bertrand. p. 187.
- ^ Meyen, F.J.F. (1834). Reise um die Erde (in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Sander'sche buchhandlung. p. 376.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ Linnaeus (1758). Opera Varia. Lucca: Juntiniana. p. 212.
- ^ Schumann, K. (1905). "Apocynaceae Africanae". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 34: 325–326.
- ^ "Diagnoses Africanae, XLIX". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 1912: 270–283, 278. 1912. JSTOR 4104582.
- ^ De Candolle, A. (1802). "Description d'un nouveau genre de plante, nommé Strophanthus". Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris. 3: 122–124.
- ^ a b c d Woodson, Robert E., Jr. (1932). "New or Otherwise Noteworthy Apocynaceae of Tropical America. II". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 19 (1): 45–76. JSTOR 2394172.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Millspaugh, Charles Frederick (1920). The Bahama Flora. New York: s.n. p. 335.
- ^ Lindley, John (1830). "Pachypodium tuberosum". Edward's Botanical Register. 16: pl. 1321.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|nopp=ignored (|no-pp=suggested) (help) - ^ Markgraf, F. (1967). "Notes on the Systematy of Solomon Islands' Plants and some of their New Guinea Relatives. VIII. Apocynaceae". The Gardens' Bulletin. 22 (1): 23–29.
- ^ Seemann, Berthold (1865–1873). Flora vitiensis :a description of the plants of the Viti or Fiji islands. London: L. Reeve and Co. p. 155.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Stapf, Otto (1903). "Eucorymbia". Hooker's Icones plantarum. 28 (3): pl. 2764.
- ^ "December 7th, 1899". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 112 (1): 2–3. 1900.
- ^ Pichon, M. (1952). "Classification des Apocynacees XXXIV, les Malouetiinae d'Afrique". Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles (in French). 22 (1/2): 115–135, 131. JSTOR 3666655.
- ^ Baillon, H. (1889). "Types Nouveaux d'Apocynacées". Bulletin mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris (in French). 1 (97): 772–775.
- ^ a b c d de Martius, C.F.P., ed. (1860). Flora Brasiliensis (in Latin). Vol. 6-I. Munich: R.Oldenbourg.
- ^ Voigt, J.O. (1845). Hortus suburbanus Calcuttensis. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press. p. 523.
- ^ Gleason, H.A. (1931). "Botanical Results of the Tyler-Duida Expedition (Continued)". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 58 (7): 405–464, 453. JSTOR 2480424.
- ^ Rusby, H.H. (1927). "Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Plants Collected on the Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Valley, 1921-1922". Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. 7: 205–388, 327.
- ^ Woodson, Robert E., Jr. (1932). "New or Otherwise Noteworthy Apocynaceae of Tropical America. III". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 19 (4): 375–387. JSTOR 2394127.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)- Peltastes, p. 375
- ^ Morales, J. Francisco (2006). "Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XXIV: Bahiella (Apocynoideae:Echiteae), un desapercibido nuevo género endemico de Bahía". Sida (in Spanish). 22 (1): 333–354, 342.
- ^ Browne, Patrick (1756). The civil and natural history of Jamaica. London: T. Osborne and J. Shipton. p. 182.
- ^ Morales, J. Francisco (1999). "Hylaea (Apocynaceae-Apocynoideae), a New Genus from South America". Novon. 9 (1): 83–85.
- ^ Guillaumin, A. (1941). "Matériaux pour la Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. LIX. Révision des Apocynacées". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 88 (2–3): 358–359. doi:10.1080/00378941.1941.10834233.
- ^ Middleton, D.J. (1996). "Ecua, a new genus of Apocynaceae from Malesia". Blumea. 41 (1): 33–35.
- ^ Humboldt, Alexander von (1819). Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. Vol. 3 (quarto ed.). Paris: Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanico.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)- Thenardia, p. 209
- ^ Williams, Justin K. (2002). "Thoreauea (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae), a New Genus from Oaxaca, Mexico". Lundellia. 5: 47–58.
- ^ Bentham, Georges (1844). Plantas Hartwegianas. London: G. Pamplin. p. 140.
- ^ Müller, J. (1860). "Genera nova tria Apocynacearum extrabrasiliensi-americana". Botanische Zeitung (in Latin). 16 (3): 21–23.
- ^ Bentham, George (1841). "Contributions towards a Flora of South America: Enumeration of Plants collected hy Mr Schomburgk in British Guiana". Journal of Botany (Hooker). 3: 212–250, 242.
- ^ Endress, M.E.; Hansen, B.F. (2007). "Pinochia, a new genus of Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae from the Greater Antilles, Mexico and Central America". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 63 (2): 269–274. doi:10.1017/S0960428607000959.
- ^ Pichon, M. (1948). "Classification des Apocynacées: XV, genres Trachelospermum, Baissea, et Oncinotis". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, série 2 (in French). 20: 190–197, 192.
- ^ Meyer, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm (1818). Primitiae florae Essequeboensis. Göttingen: Henrici Dieterich. p. 133.
- ^ "Mandevilla suaveolens". Edwards' Botanical Register. 26. t.7. 1840.
- ^ Woodson, Robert E. (1936). "Studies in the Apocynaceae. IV: The American Genera of Echitoideae (Concluded)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 23: 169–438, 387.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Wallich, N. (1826). Tentamen florae napalensis illustratae (in Latin). Calcutta and Serampore. p. 14.
- ^ Tsiang, Ying; Li, Ping-T'ao (1973). "Praecursores Florae Apocynacearum Sinensium". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (in Chinese). 11 (4): 347–398, 394.
- ^ Burman, Nicolaas Laurens (1768). Flora Indica (in Latin). Amsterdam: Johann Schreuder. p. 51.Fl. Indica: 51 (1768).
- ^ Pitard, J. (1933). "Apocynacées". In H. Lecomte (ed.). Flore générale de l'Indo-Chine (in French). Paris: Masson. p. 1087-1262;1228.
- ^ Markgraf, F. (1927). "Apocynaceae". Nova Guinea. 14: 278–291, 287.
- ^ Pichon, Marcel (1948). "Classification des Apocynacées: XIX. Le rétinacle des Echitoïdées". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (in French). 95 (5–6): 211–216, 215. doi:10.1080/00378941.1948.10834697.
- ^ Oliver, D. (1888). "Sindechites Henryi". Hooker's Icones plantarum. 18. pl. 1772.
- ^ Middleton, David J.; Livshultz, Tatyana (2012). "Streptoechites gen. nov., a new genus of Asian Apocynaceae". Adansonia, sér. 3. 34 (2): 365–375. doi:10.5252/a2012n2a10.
- ^ a b Wight, Robert (1848). Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis. Vol. 4, part 2. Madras: J.B.Pharoah.
- ^ Spire, Camille; Spire, André (1906). Le caoutchouc en Indo-Chine, étude botanique, industrielle et commerciale (in French). Paris: Augustin Challamel. p. 43.
- ^ Roxburgh, William (1799). "A Botanical Description of Urceola Elastica, or Caout-chouc Vine of Sumatra and Pullo-pinang". Asiatic Researches. 5: 167–175.
- ^ Lemaire, C.H. (1851). "Trachelospermum jasminoides". Le Jardin Fleuriste (in French). 1. pl. 61.
- ^ Woodson, Robert E. (1938). "Studies in the Apocynaceae VI". The Philippine Journal of Science. 60 (3): 205–232, 228.
- ^ Pierre, Jean Baptiste Louis (1898). "Sur le genre Amalocalyx des Echitidées". Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris, nouvelle série (in French). 1 (4): 28–29.
- ^ Middleton, D.J. (1995). "Baharuia, a new genus of Apocynaceae from Malesia". Blumea. 40 (2): 443–447.
- ^ Miquel, F.A.W. (1856). Flora van Nederlandsch Indië (in Dutch and Latin). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Fried. Fleischer. p. 456.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Hooker, William Jackson; Walker-Arnott, G. A. (1841). The Botany of Captain Beechey's voyage. Henry George Bohn. p. 198.
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