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jag edit

For an overview of all Jaguar XJ models, see Jaguar XJ.
Jaguar XJ (X351)
 
Overview
Manufacturer
Production
  • March 2010 – July 2019
  • a. 122,330 examples
Assembly
Designer
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size luxury car
Body style4-door saloon
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive / all-wheel-drive
PlatformJLR D2a
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 6-speed automatic (2010–2013)
  • 8-speed automatic (2013–2019)
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • XJ: 3,032 mm (119.4 in)
  • XJ-L: 3,157 mm (124.3 in)
Length
  • XJ: 5,130 mm (202 in)
  • XJ-L: 5,255 mm (206.9 in)
Width
  • 1,899 mm (74.8 in) (mirrors open)
  • 2,110 mm (83 in) (mirrors closed)
Height1,461 mm (57.5 in)
Kerb weight1,773–1,915 kg (3,909–4,222 lb)
Chronology
PredecessorJaguar XJ (X358)

The Jaguar XJ (X351) is the fourth generation of the Jaguar XJ, a series of full-size luxury saloon cars produced by the automaker Jaguar Cars.[1] Produced between 2010 and 2019, it marked Jaguar's departure from the conservative styling of previous XJs.

The development of the X351 began in 2005, and the design approval process took place in November 2006. The designers Ian Callum and Matthew Beaven led the styling team of the XJ, which included various other prominent stylers such as Giles Taylor, Adam Hatton, Mark Phillips, Nicholas Finney and Kim Challinor. Jaguar tasked the designers with producing a new design incorporating most of the underpinnings from XJ (X350). But despite the X350 serving as its basis, the X351 had to include a style that fit in with the newly-introduced but unrelated XK (X150) and the XF (X250), which were already successful within the market sector. Beaven claimed that the design team had developed a series of vehicles ranging from a sports saloon to a large luxury car. The team finalised the design in 2008, and the XJ debuted in July 2009.

The official series manufacture began in March 2010 at the Castle Bromwich Assembly facility in Birmingham, England, and sales started in May. Initially, XJs were produced only at the English facility, but in 2014, the assembly of complete knockdown kits began at Jaguar's facility in Pune, India. In 2015, Jaguar introduced a facelift for the X351, with its most prominent change being the inclusion of Jaguar's "J-Blade" headlamps. The production of the X351 ended in July 2019, after Jaguar had produced over 122,330 examples. An electric version of the X351 was to be launched in 2020, but plans were cancelled in 2021 due to the economic infeasibility.

Development edit

 
The rear view of the XJ

The development and design work of the fourth generation of the Jaguar XJ—codenamed the "X351"—began in 2005.[2]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Wilkins, David (1 July 2010), "Jaguar XJ6 Series 1 4.2 litre (1968)", The Independent, archived from the original on 6 July 2022, retrieved 20 April 2024
  2. ^ "Eighth Generation Jaguar XJ Saloon -X351", Jaguar Heritage Trust, retrieved 20 April 2024

Bibliography and print sources edit

van edit

This page is about the 2001 Vanquish. For a complete overview of all generations, see Aston Martin Vanquish.
Aston Martin Vanquish
 
Overview
ManufacturerAston Martin Lagonda Limited
Model codeAMV03
Production
  • March 2001 – July 2007
  • 2,589 examples
AssemblyUnited Kingdom: Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire
DesignerIan Callum[1]
Body and chassis
ClassGrand tourer
Body style
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine5.9 L Aston Martin V12
Transmission6-speed automated manual
6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,690 mm (105.9 in)[2]
Length4,665 mm (183.7 in)[2]
Width1,923 mm (75.7 in)[3]
Height1,318 mm (51.9 in)[2]
Kerb weight
  • 1,835 kg (4,045 lb) (Vanquish)[4][5]
  • 1,875 kg (4,134 lb) (Vanquish S)[6]
Chronology
PredecessorAston Martin Virage
SuccessorAston Martin DBS

The Aston Martin Vanquish is a two-door grand touring car produced by the British automaker Aston Martin.

Produced between 2001 and 2007, the Vanquish is the successor to the first generation Virage, which Aston Martin produced between 1989 and 2000. Designed by Ian Callum, the car was previewed by the "Project Vantage" concept car, which was unveiled at the Detroit Motor Show in January 1998. The production version of the Vanquish was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in February 2001. The Vanquish debuted with a 5.9-litre V12 engine with two transmission choices—a six-speed manual and a six-speed automated manual.

A facelift was implemented in 2004, which involved improvements to its power output, revisions to its design, improved aerodynamic efficiency, as well as a name change to "Vanquish S". The car appeared in the 2002 film Die Another Day, for which it received widespread public interest and earned the number three spot on the "Best Film Cars Ever" list. The Vanquish also appeared in the 2003 film The Italian Job and has appeared in at least four video games. The Vanquish was discontinued in 2007, after a six-year production run during which 2,589 examples had been produced; its replacement was the DBS. The Vanquish nameplate was resurrected in 2012, based upon DB9's chassis and platform.

Development edit

During the January 1998 Detroit Motor Show, Aston Martin unveiled the "Project Vantage", a concept car.[7][8] The Project Vantage was conceived in early 1997 at a meeting between Jacques Nasser, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Ford, and Bob Dover, the CEO and chairman of Aston Martin, alongside senior executives at Jaguar Cars. Nasser proposed the idea of a concept car, to which the executives responded that they did not want one. But when the same proposition was presented to Dover, he expressed interest in the concept.[9]

What nobody actually knew outside Astons was that the Project Vantage was actually the prototype for the Vanquish. We knew that if we got a lot of support at the Detroit Show that we could build a car, which we obviously went on to do.

—Bob Dover[10]

With Aston Martin lacking a design department of its own at the time, the company commissioned a design from the Kidlington-based racing team Tom Walkinshaw Racing Design (TWR), whose chief designer, Ian Callum, designed the DB7. Callum's design of the Project Vantage was mostly influenced by the DB7 and the DB4 GT Zagato. The latter inspired the Project Vantage's rear wings, which the journalist James Taylor described as "reminiscent of an animal ready to pounce", and its front-wing air vents with the prominent strake. The DB7 inspired the Project Vantage's curvaceous front fascia, low stance and tail-lights. Callum's team was also responsible for the interior design of the Project Vantage, who prioritised functionality over luxury.[11]

After the 1998 Detroit Motor Show, Aston Martin began assembling the Vanquish's business case. The team subsequently took it to the Geneva Motor Show for the vehicle programme approval. The Project Vantage remained a one-off concept car, but its nature inspired the Aston Martin executives and plans were implemented to put the car into series production.[10] The development of the production version of the Vanquish began in March 1998, after the Geneva Motor Show. Ian Minards, whom Jaguar appointed as lead designer for the XJ8 project, was the chief programme manager. He stated that, during development, the codename of the Vanquish was "Project Bolton" before it received its "AMV08" designation.[12] Dover stepped down as Aston Martin CEO in mid-2000 and was replaced by Dr. Ulrich Bez in July of that year.[12][13]

Because of the more advanced technology incorporated into the car, the Vanquish required more extensive pre-production testing than usual. The development costs were rumoured to be much greater than the initial budget, but Aston Martin stated at the Vanquish's launch that fifty prototypes had been produced. These cars were tested worldwide, including hot-weather testing in Australia and cold-weather testing in Canada; temperatures were as cold as −40 °C (−40 °F) and as hot as 81 °C (178 °F).[14][15] The Aston Martin engineers collaborated with Lotus Engineering and Ford to increase engine efficiency and output, reportedly with the help of the suspension expert Richard Parry-Jones.[14] The prototypes collectively amassed over 1,500,000 miles (2,400,000 km).[16]

The production version of the Vanquish was revealed to groups of potential customers and designated media representatives in October 2000.[17] Its official debut took place at the February 2001 Geneva Motor Show;[18][19][20] the official series manufacture of the Vanquish began in March 2001 at the facility in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire.[21][22][23] At launch, Aston Martin planned to produce between 200 and 300 examples annually.[24][25][26]

Design and technology edit

 
2003 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish

The Vanquish's construction, developed in collaboration with Lotus, was engineered with techniques derived from the aerospace industry to produce a strong and rigid platform without incurring extra costs.[27] Its body structure is composed mainly of aluminium and carbon fibre.[27][28] Pre-cut aluminium extrusions are riveted and bonded around the car's carbon fibre backbone at a factory in Worcester, England.[29][27] Compared to the Vantage produced between 1993 and 2000, the Vanquish saved over fifty per cent of its weight and had a torsional rigidity increase of 100 per cent.[27][30] The Vanquish features 355-millimetre (14.0 in) and 330-millimetre (13 in) Brembo anti-lock disc brakes positioned at the front and rear, respectively.[31][32][33] The Vanquish features variable-ratio power steering and independent suspension at the front and rear, incorporating forged aluminium wishbones.[15][34] In front of the driver and passenger compartment is a subframe composed of steel, aluminium and carbon fibre that supports the engine, transmission and front suspension. It is bolted to the front bulkhead.[35] The car has a boot capacity of 220 litres (48 imp gal; 58 US gal).[36]

The Vanquish has been called both a grand touring car[37][38][39] and a sports car.[40][41][42] It is a two-door coupe available in two seating configurations: a two-seat or a 2+2 layout.[43][44] The Vanquish is 4,665 millimetres (183.7 in) long, 1,318 millimetres (51.9 in) tall,[45] 1,923 millimetres (75.7 in) wide,[3] and has a wheelbase of 2,690 millimetres (106 in).[45] The Vanquish's weighs 1,820 to 1,835 kilograms (4,012 to 4,045 lb); its gross vehicle weight is 2,175 kilograms (4,795 lb).[46][4][5] With a drag coefficient of 0.33 Cd,[47] the Vanquish incorporates 19-inch (480 mm) wheels held by Yokohama tyres.[48][49][50]

It had the purest line of thought and execution of any car I've ever worked on before and since.

—Ian Callum[51]

The Aston Martin Vanquish uses a 5.9-litre V12 engine.[52] This generates 450 brake horsepower (340 kW) at 6,500 revolutions per minute (RPMs) and 410 newton-metres (300 lbf⋅ft) at 5,000 RPMs.[43][53] The Vanquish is a rear-wheel drive vehicle,[18][54] and its engine is positioned at the front.[55][56] The Vanquish offered a choice between two six-speed transmissions: a manual option[57][58] or an automated manual.[59][60]

References edit

Notes edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Callum, Ian (27 October 2022). "Ian Callum: Celebrating 100 years of Jaguar". Newstalk ZB (Interview). Interviewed by Mike Hosking. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "2005 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish". The Baltimore Sun. 29 April 2005. p. W3. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  3. ^ a b "2006 New Vehicle Preview: Aston Martin V12 Vanquish S coupe". The Daily Herald. 11 November 2005. p. 45. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  4. ^ a b "Vanquish that impulse to share the wealth". Edmonton Journal. 9 July 2002. p. 60. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  5. ^ a b "Bond – James Bond – and his Aston Martin wheels". The Gazette. 23 November 2002. p. 122. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.  
  6. ^ Phillips 2012, p. 160.
  7. ^ "Start shouting!". The Daily Telegraph. 10 January 1998. p. 87. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  8. ^ "Advantage, Aston". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 January 1998. p. 59. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  9. ^ Dowsey 2007, p. 200.
  10. ^ a b Dowsey 2007, p. 250.
  11. ^ Taylor 2024, pp. 60–62.
  12. ^ a b Dowsey 2007, p. 252.
  13. ^ "New drivers for Land Rover". The Age. 8 July 2000. p. 54. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  14. ^ a b Taylor 2024, pp. 94–95.
  15. ^ a b "2003 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish". Palm Beach Daily News. 20 February 2003. p. 18. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024.  
  16. ^ "Savile Row suit, Ford underpinnings", The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 October 2000, p. 74, archived from the original on 24 April 2024  
  17. ^ Taylor 2024, p. 102.
  18. ^ a b "Wealth bomber". The Daily Telegraph. 11 August 2001. p. 79. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  19. ^ "Aston-Martin raises flagship". Chicago Tribune. 19 April 2001. p. 77. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  20. ^ "2001 Geneva". Autoweek. Vol. 51, no. 12. 12 March 2001. p. 20. ISSN 0192-9674.
  21. ^ Dawe, Jason (7 August 2005). "Aston Martin Vanquish". The Times. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.
  22. ^ "Squatter, shorter, wider, and wilder". The Independent. 11 January 2005. p. 58. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  23. ^ "Aston Martin offers velocity for $228,000". Lansing State Journal. 13 April 2001. p. 19. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  24. ^ "Spring sees new models in showrooms". The Daily Chronicle. 20 April 2001. p. 32. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  25. ^ Wernle, Bradford (14 August 2000). "Aston to build 3rd plant, delays V12 Vanquish". Automotive News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.
  26. ^ Wilson, Kevin A; Magee, Charlie (30 October 2000). "Heroic Ambitions". Autoweek. Vol. 50, no. 45. p. 16. ISSN 0192-9674.
  27. ^ a b c d Taylor 2024, pp. 72–75.
  28. ^ "Edgy Aston has supercars in its sights". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 August 2001. p. 70. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  29. ^ "Aston attack: Vanquish leads supercar assualt". The Age. 19 October 2000. p. 53. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.  
  30. ^ Dowsey 2007, p. 203.
  31. ^ "New Bond car Vanquishes tedium". The Windsor Star. 4 July 2002. p. 40. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  32. ^ "Vanquish continued from front". The Standard. 4 July 2002. p. 34. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  33. ^ Frankel, Andrew (25 May 2004). "Aston Martin Vanquish". Autocar. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023.
  34. ^ "Aston Martin V12 Vanquish is 'the James Bond car'". The Philadephia Inquirer. 22 August 2003. p. N18. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  35. ^ Einstein, Paul (18 October 2000). "More and better". Professional Engineering. Vol. 13, no. 19. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. p. 49.
  36. ^ Ross, David (16 June 2019). "Aston Martin Vanquish coupe boot space, practicality and safety". Parkers.
  37. ^ "The people car show". The Hamilton Spectator. 8 March 2001. p. 57. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  38. ^ "Aston Martin Vanquish S". Auto Express. 24 November 2010. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024.
  39. ^ Huntingford, Steve (1 January 2006). "Used Aston Martin Vanquish 2001 - 2007 review". What Car?. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Vanquishing desire for any other auto". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 31 March 2005. p. G01. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  41. ^ "Sophisticated sex appeal". National Post. 5 July 2002. p. 44. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  42. ^ Frank, Michael (17 September 2001). "Aston Martin Vanquish". Forbes. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024.
  43. ^ a b Hutton, Ray (1 December 2000). "Aston Martin Vanquish". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022.
  44. ^ "Something new to add to the list of dream cars". The Gazette. 14 November 2000. p. 29. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  45. ^ a b "2005 Aston Martin V12 Vanquish". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 1 April 2005. p. 298. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.  
  46. ^ "Aston Martin Vanquish V12 2+2 2dr auto". Top Gear. BBC. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  47. ^ Vale 2022, p. 456.
  48. ^ "Smartire". The Vancouver Sun. 5 December 2000. p. 36.  
  49. ^ "Canadian technology wins roll in new supercar". The Gazette. 11 December 2000. p. 58.  
  50. ^ "The 2001 Aston Martin Vanquish". Forbes. 11 October 2000. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020.
  51. ^ Pattni, Vijay (29 October 2021). "The original Aston Martin Vanquish is 20 years old". Top Gear. BBC.
  52. ^ "007 will reclaim his Aston Martin". The Charlotte Observer. 5 September 2001. p. 56.  
  53. ^ "2003-model car specifications" (PDF). Automotive News.
  54. ^ "Souping up the Vanquish for latest Bond film". The Gazette. 17 December 2002. p. 63.  
  55. ^ "Shifty business: 2002 Aston Martin Vanquish". Motor Trend. 20 December 2002.
  56. ^ McKay, Peter (January 2003). "Vanquishing point". Wheels. p. 34. ISSN 0043-4779.
  57. ^ "To drive an Aston Martin like 007's, be willing to wait". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 September 2002. p. F45.  
  58. ^ "Aston Martin V12 Vanquish". The Journal News. 24 March 2002. p. 106.  
  59. ^ Tomalin, Peter (26 March 2024). "Aston Martin V12 Vanquish (2001 - 2007): Britain's answer to the Ferrari 550 Maranello". Evo.
  60. ^ Abidin, Shafiq (9 January 2024). "Fancy a pre-series, first-generation Aston Martin Vanquish? This one is now up for sale". Top Gear. BBC.

Bibliography edit

mini edit

Mini
 
The first Mini built with the registration number "621 AOK". This unit was never sold but is preserved at the British Motor Museum.
Overview
Manufacturer
Model codeADO15[note 1]
Production8 May 1959 – 4 October 2000
5,387,862 units
DesignerSir Alec Issigonis
Body and chassis
ClassSmall car
Body style
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Transmission
Chronology
SuccessorMini Hatch

The Mini is a small car produced from 1959 until 1968 by the British Motor Corporation, from 1968 to 1986 by British Leyland and from 1986 until 2000 by the Rover Group. It is considered one of the most influential automobiles of the twentieth century and is an icon of 1960s British popular culture. The Mini's design was maintained throughout its production which spanned forty-one years, making it the seventh-longest generation of automobile with an unaltered design.

The official series manufacture of the Mini began at the facility in Cowley, Oxford on 8 May 1959; the first unit is preserved at the British Motor Museum in Gaydon, Warwickshire. The car was styled by the automotive designer Sir Alec Issigonis and developed under the codename "ADO15". The production of the Mini occurred in Longbridge, England; Cowley, England; and Sydney, Australia, before numerous other global locations were introduced in the subsequent years. The Mini was predominantly produced as a two-door saloon but numerous other body styles were introduced including a convertible, estate, fastback and coupe utility. The designations "Mini Cooper" and "Mini Cooper S" are used to denote the high-performance variants of the Mini. In Italy, the machinery works Innocenti redesigned the Mini and sold it under the "Innocenti Mini" nameplate. A utility and recreational derivative of the Mini called the "Moke", was produced between 1964 and 1993.

The Mini's space-saving transverse engine and front-wheel drive layout—allowing eighty per cent of the area of the car's floorpan to be used for passengers and luggage—influenced a generation of automakers. The final Mini was produced at the Longbridge facility on 4 October 2000 after a production period of forty-one years, five months and twenty-six days during which 5,387,862 units had been produced. The automaker BMW acquired the Rover Group in 1994 and sold most of it in 2000, but retained the rights to build cars using the "Mini" name. Retrospectively, the car is often nicknamed the "Classic Mini" to distinguish it from the Mini Hatch family of vehicles produced since 2001.[3]

Background and conception edit

See also: Suez Crisis

The Mini was conceived by the British Motor Corporation (BMC),[4] a conglomerate of Austin Motor Company, Morris Motors, MG, Riley Motor and Wolseley Motors that was formed 1952.[5][6][7] The Mini was a solution to two opposing trends in 1950s Britain: the rise of economical 'micro' cars after the Suez Crisis and the growing influence of American culture in the post-war period. The Suez Crisis resulted from Anglo-French efforts to denationalise the Suez Canal in Egypt, resulting in its closure to Western shipping during 1956 and 1957. This closure disrupted oil supplies. The Suez Crisis also led to the reintroduction of fuel rationing in Britain and elevated taxes on luxury items. Consequently, the affordability of new cars was limited for many British citizens, which were also inefficient because of their outdated pre-war engines.[4][8]

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "ADO" stands for "Austin Drawing Office", while "15" was its project number.[1][2]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Blake, Mike (18 November 2007), "2007 MINI Cooper S: Economical and Still a Fun Drive", Lancaster New Era, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, p. 69, retrieved 4 May 2024 – via Newspapers.com  
  2. ^ "The Mini giant", Birmingham Evening Mail, Birmingham, West Midlands, 13 March 1978, p. 36, retrieved 4 May 2024 – via Newspapers.com  
  3. ^ Mainland 2015, Front Cover.
  4. ^ a b Mainland 2015, pp. 13–14.
  5. ^ "Glorious past, but a challenging future", The Independent, London, Greater London, 5 April 2005, p. 61, retrieved 4 May 2024 – via Newspapers.com  
  6. ^ "British motor bid for Fisher & Ludlow", The Daily Telegraph, London, Greater London, 31 July 1953, p. 2, retrieved 4 May 2024 – via Newspapers.com  
  7. ^ Thorley 2019, p. 132.
  8. ^ Anthony, Andrew (29 August 2009), "On the road: Mini Cooper S", The Guardian, retrieved 4 May 2024

Bibliography edit

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