The Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (Malay: Barisan Sosialis Rakyat Malaya) or better known as Socialist Front (SF) or Barisan Sosialis (BS) was a left-wing coalition of Malaysian socialist parties. It was among the longest-standing opposition coalitions in Malaysian general election history. The coalition was formed by Parti Rakyat Malaya (PRM) and the Labour Party of Malaya on Hari Merdeka in 1957.[1][2] In 1964, the National Convention Party (NCP) joined the coalition.[3] PRM left the coalition in 1965 and NCP soon become inactive. The Labour Party, the only remaining party in SF, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner.
Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front Barisan Sosialis Rakyat Malaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | SF |
| Founder | Ahmad Boestamam |
| Founded | 31 August 1957 |
| Legalised | 29 July 1958 |
| Dissolved | 10 January 1966 |
| Succeeded by |
|
| Headquarters | Kuala Lumpur |
| Membership (1966 (200,000)) | Parti Rakyat Malaysia Labour Party of Malaya National Convention Party |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism Left-wing nationalism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | 0 |
| Colours | Red |
| Website | |
| 0 | |
0 | |
History edit
The coalition was formed on Hari Merdeka by two multi-racial parties - the Partai Rakyat (PRM) which had a Malay leftist leadership and the Labour Party of Malaya, which was largely supported by Malaya's Chinese minority. The first chairman was Ahmad Boestamam, the PRM president.
In the 1959 General Elections, the Socialist Front (SF) managed to gain 8 seats in Selangor, Johor, and Penang constituencies. It won 34.6% of the popular vote cast in the constituencies.[4] SF as a whole successfully garnered 13% of the votes, thus becoming the third-largest party in Parliament after the Alliance and the Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PMIP).
The Socialist Front managed to gain 13 out of 14 seats in George Town, Penang during the 1961 Local Elections.[4] The SF was further strengthened when the former Minister of Agriculture, Aziz Ishak, brought his National Convention Party into the coalition.[5] Ahmad Boestamam resigned as SF chairman in 1961 to concentrate on leading PRM.[6]
In 1963, shortly after the events of the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, the government took action against several opposition politicians and activists. SF was seen as pro-Indonesia and pro-China,[7][8] causing the Socialist Front leader's arrest. Among those detained and arrested were Ahmad Boestamam (PRM president), Ishak Haji Muhammad (PBM president), Abdul Aziz Ishak (NCP president) and Datuk Kampo Radjo (later to become president of the PRM), Tan Kai Hee, Tan Hock Hin, Dr. M.K. Rajakumar, Hasnul Hadi, Tajuddin Kahar, Kamarulzaman Teh and hundreds of others. Rallies and mass demonstrations were held on 13 February 1965 in Kuala Lumpur in conjunction with the second anniversary of the detention of Ahmad Boestamam and others to oppose the mass arrests of activists and leaders of the SF under the Internal Security Act (ISA) and the alleged involvement in "subversive" activities.[9][10]
In the 1964 General Elections, the Socialist Front lost 6 seats and managed to retain 2 seats. PRM and the NCP failed to gain any seats at all while the Labour Party lost a significant number of seats.[11] Cancellation of local government elections in 1965 after the declaration of Emergency in 1964 because of continued confrontation with Indonesia, weakened the impact of SF. Dispute between the two parties resulted in PRM leaving the coalition in 1965, and NCP soon become inactive. The Labour Party, the only party in SF that held seats, abandoned it on 10 January 1966 and reverted to its own banner.[12]
Aftermath edit
In 1968, most of the Labour Party members linked up with UDP members to form Gerakan. Labour Party boycotted the 1969 elections and organised demonstrations against the detention of its leaders by the government.[13][14]
After the elections, the Labour Party continued in the face of tough action by the government and was finally wound up on 6 September 1972.[15] PRM changed its name to Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia (PSRM) in 1970 and again in 1989 (Parti Rakyat Malaysia-PRM).
Ahmad Boestamam and Ishak Haji Muhammad established Parti Marhaen Malaysia (PMM) in 1968. PMM then merged with Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia (PEKEMAS) in 1974. He tried to resurrect the coalition before the 1974 elections, but failed.[16]
Component parties edit
Elected representatives edit
General elections result edit
| Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 8 / 104
|
104 | 199,688 | 12.9% |  8 seats; Opposition coalition
|
Ahmad Boestaman |
| 1964 | 2 / 104
|
104 | 330,898 | 16.1% |  6 seats; Opposition coalition
|
Tan Chee Khoon |
State election results edit
| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis State Legislative Assembly | Kedah State Legislative Assembly | Kelantan State Legislative Assembly | Terengganu State Legislative Assembly | Penang State Legislative Assembly | Perak State Legislative Assembly | Pahang State Legislative Assembly | Selangor State Legislative Assembly | Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly | Malacca State Legislative Assembly | Johor State Legislative Assembly | Sabah State Legislative Assembly | Sarawak State Legislative Assembly | Total won / Total contested | |
| 1959 | 0 / 12 |
0 / 24 |
0 / 30 |
0 / 24 |
7 / 24 |
0 / 40 |
0 / 24 |
3 / 28 |
3 / 24 |
0 / 20 |
3 / 32 |
16 / 124
| ||
| 1964 | 0 / 12 |
0 / 24 |
0 / 30 |
0 / 24 |
2 / 24 |
0 / 40 |
0 / 24 |
4 / 28 |
0 / 24 |
2 / 20 |
0 / 32 |
8 / 167
| ||
References edit
- ^ Penang Story: Facing Up to Storm Clouds : The Labour Party of Malaya, Penang Division, 1963 – 1969 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ R.K Vasil, (1971) Politics in a Plural Society: A Study of Non-Communal Political Parties in West Malaysia, p 185 ISBN 978-0-19-638127-5
- ^ Rahman, (1997) Pemikiran Islam di Malaysia: sejarah dan aliran, p130 ISBN 978-9795614302
- ^ a b "CHARLES HECTOR: Labour Party of Malaya - the Socialist Front - the threat removed through ISA and DWT laws, and ..." 2 September 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. pp. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.
- ^ Philip Mathews (28 February 2014). Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963-2013. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-967-10617-4-9.
- ^ "Detikdaily - Menerima penubuhan Malaysia". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ Maidin, (2004), The Unsung Heroes, p120 ISBN 9676115827
- ^ "Sadar Amoi: Sejarah Malaysia yang kita jarang dengar Part 3". 6 September 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Socialist Party of Malaysia: Building socialism while capitalism crumbles | Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 324. ISBN 0-8047-5295-8.
- ^ "Malayan People's Socialist Front". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Malaysian History: Watershed elections of 1969". Archived from the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "The Malaysian Bar - The tragedy of May 13, 1969". Archived from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Pertembungan antara Islam dan sekular tumbangkan 3 gabungan pembangkang - The Malaysian Insider". Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Jejak Pemikiran Bung Karno Di Malaya - Berdikari Online | Berdikari Online". Retrieved 3 October 2015.