Cho In-byŏk (1330–1393), was a military official in the Late Goryeo dynasty who came from the Hanyang Cho clan.[1] He was the husband of Princess Jeonghwa, who was the sister of the founder of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Sŏng-gye, who granted him the title Internal Prince Yongwon when the dynasty was established.[2]
| Cho In-byŏk | |
| Hangul | 조인벽 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Jo In-byeok |
| McCune–Reischauer | Cho Inbyŏk |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 양렬 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Yangnyeol |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yangnyŏl |
| Honorary Title (given by King Taejo in c.1392/3) | |
| Hangul | 용원부원군 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Yongwon-buwongun |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yongwŏn-buwŏn'gun |
Biography edit
Early life and family background edit
Cho In-byŏk was born into the Hanyang Cho clan in 1330 as a son of Cho Ton (조돈) and his wife, Lady Yi (부인 이씨), who was the daughter of Yi Hong-bok (이홍복) from the Ganseong Yi clan. He had three younger brothers: Cho In-gyŏng (조인경), Cho In-gyu (조인규), and Cho In-ok (조인옥).[3]
His ancestors traced back Goryeo period as a local family from Yongjin-hyeon (용진현; 龍津縣). His great-grandfather, Cho Hwi (조휘), conspired with T'ak Ch'ŏng (탁청; 卓靑) and revolted in Ssangseong (쌍성; 雙城) in 1258 during King Gojong's reign.[4] After they reached the north of Hwaju (화주; 和州) and surrendered to the Yuan dynasty, the position of Ssangseong General Government Office (쌍성총관부) was established, to which the Ch'oe family were hereditarily appointed governors from generation to generation.[5]
Military career edit
In 1361 (10th year of King Gongmin's reign), Cho (along with Pyŏn An-nyŏl (변안열) and others) contributed when the Red Turbans invaded Goryeo.[6] In 1363, he also contributed to subjugate Kim Yong's Rebellion (김용의 난).
In 1372, Hobaldo (호발도; 胡拔都), Janghaema (장해마; 張海馬), and others came to attacked Yiseong (이성; 泥城) and Ganggye (강계; 江界), Cho went out as a judge and subjugated the enemy in Gaju (가주; 家州).[7] Then, when the Japanese plundered Hamju (함주; 咸州) and Bukcheongju (북청주; 北靑州), he marched out and ambushed the soldiers, defeating the Japanese and beheaded at least 70 people. From this achievement, he was worshiped as a bongikdaebu (봉익대부; 奉翊大夫).[8]
Reign of King Chang edit
After King U was expelled to Ganghwa Island, his son, King Chang, ascended the throne. Around 1388, it was believed that U's birthday was in Dodang (도당; 都堂), so Cho was sent alongside Ku Sŏng-no (구성로) to Ganghwa in order to present clothes for him.[9]
When U was in Ganghwa, he was immediately moved to Yeoheung-gun (여흥군; 驪興郡) led by Cho, Chi Yong-gi (지용기), U Hong-su (우홍수), and Yu Chun (유준).[9][incomprehensible] Not long after that, Chang was dethroned and killed alongside his father due to the claims that he was not a true descendant of the House of Wang, but a descendant of Sin Ton.
Reign of King Gongyang edit
In 1389 (1st year reign of King Gongyang), Cho was promoted into the position of panuideokbusa (판의덕부사; 判懿德府事) in Gyeongjin.[10] However, when he was rewarded nok-hun (녹훈) for his service to the country, he was believed to already be deceased.[11]
Later life edit
After the new Joseon dynasty was established, Pyŏn An-nyŏl, Wang An-dŏk (왕안덕), Chi Yong-gi, Yi Wŏn-gye (이원계), Chŏng Chi (정지), and Ch'oe Kong-ch'ŏl (최공철) all became the second rank merit subjects.[12]
Family edit
- Father: Cho Ton (조돈, 趙暾; 1307–1380)
- Grandfather: Cho Yang-gi (조양기, 趙良琪; b. 1260); son of Cho Hwi (조휘; 趙暉).
- Mother: Lady, of the Ganseong Yi clan (부인 간성이씨, 1309–1379)
- Grandfather: Yi Hong-bok (이홍복; 李洪福)
- Younger brothers:
- Cho In-gyŏng (조인경, 趙仁瓊; d. 1422)
- Cho In-gyu (조인규; 趙仁珪)
- Cho In-ok (조인옥, 趙仁沃; 1347–1396)
- Wives and children:
- Lady Chŏng, of the Hadong Chŏng clan (부인 하동정씨)
- 1st son: Cho On, Internal Prince Hancheon (조온 한천부원군, 趙溫 漢川府院君; 1347–1417)
- Lady, of the Jeonju Yi clan (부인 전주이씨)
- 2nd son: Cho Yŏn, Internal Prince Hanpyeong (조연 한평부원군, 趙涓 漢平府院君; 1374–1429)[13]
- 3rd son: Cho Hu (조후, 趙候; 1377–1444)
- 4th son: Cho Sa (조사, 趙師; d. 1432)
- 5th son: Cho Pu (조부; 趙傅)
- 1st daughter: Lady Cho (부인 조씨) – married Hwang Kil-wŏn (황길원; 黃吉源).
- 2nd daughter: Lady Cho (부인 조씨) – married Im Maeng-yang (임맹양, 林孟陽; d. 1388), nephew of Im Kyŏn-mi (임견미, 林堅味; d. 1388).
- Lady Chŏng, of the Hadong Chŏng clan (부인 하동정씨)
References edit
- ^ "용원부원군 조인벽의 위패를 모시다- 양양 동명서원". Naver (in Korean). Retrieved August 28, 2021.
- ^ "태종실록 25권, 태종 13년 4월 26일 갑술 4번째기사 1413년 명 영락(永樂) 11년
집의 김효손 등이 환왕 비문을 고치도록 건의하다". Joseon Wangjo Sillok (in Korean). Retrieved December 7, 2021. - ^ "양렬공 조인벽". The Cho clan of Hanyang Official Homepage (in Korean). Retrieved January 6, 2022.
- ^ Duk-il, Lee (2019). 이덕일의 한국통사: 다시 찾는 7,000년 우리 역사 (in Korean). Dasan Books. ISBN 9791130627670.
- ^ Ki-hwan, Sung (2008). 생각하는 한국사 2: 고려시대부터 조선·일제강점까지 (in Korean). Willow Media. ISBN 9788986982923.
- ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 113 Biographies 26 Jesin Anu
- ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 2nd month 26th day; 『Goryeosajeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)
- ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 43 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372) 6th month 27th day; 『Goryeosajeolyo』 Vol. 29 21st Years of King Gongmin (1372)
- ^ a b 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 137 Biographies 50: Year Ascension of King Chang
- ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 45 First Year of King Gongyang (1389) 11th months 16th days Gyeongjin
- ^ 『Goryeosa』 Vol. 45 Second Year of King Gongyang
- ^ "태조실록 4권, 태조 2년 7월 22일 을축 3번째기사 1393년 명 홍무(洪武) 26년
회군 공신을 책록토록 교지를 내리다". Joseon Wangjo Sillok (in Korean). Retrieved December 7, 2021. - ^ Married Grand Lady Kim of Byeonhan State (변한국대부인 김씨, 1374–1455)
External links edit
- Cho In-byŏk on the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean).
- Cho In-byŏk on Doosan Encyclopedia (in Korean).