List of Indo-European languages
The approximate present-day distribution of the Indo-European branches within their homelands of Europe and Asia:
Non-Indo-European languages
Dotted/striped areas indicate where multilingualism is common.| Part of a series on |
| Indo-European topics |
|---|
 |
|
|
|
Indo-European peoples
|
|
Indo-European archeology
|
| Indo-European studies |
The Indo-European languages include some 439 (SIL estimate[1]) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. Each subfamily in this list contains many subgroups and individual languages.
Anatolian languages (extinct)
↑Jump back a sectionArmenian language
- Modern Armenian
- Proto-Armenian (extinct)
- Classical Armenian
- Middle Armenian
Baltic languages
extinct languages:
- Old Prussian
- Curonian (disputed; see Origin of Curonian)
- Galindian
- Selonian
- Semigallian
- Sudovian / Yotvingian
Celtic languages
- Continental Celtic (all extinct; a paraphyletic grouping)
- Insular Celtic
Indo-Iranian languages
- Indo-Aryan languages
- Central Indo-Aryan languages
- East Central Indo-Aryan languages
- Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
- Bengali-Assamese languages
- Bihari languages
- Oriya languages
- Adivasi Oriya
- Bhatri
- Bhunjia
- Bodo Parja
- Kupia
- Oriya (Oŗia)
- Relli language (Reli)
- Northern Indo-Aryan languages
- including Punjabi and Hindustani
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages
- Dardic languages (The relation of this subgroup to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear.)
- Chitral languages
- Kashmiri language
- Kohistani languages
- Kunar languages
- Shina languages
- Lahnda Saraiki languages
- Jakati language
- Khetrani language
- Mirpur Panjabi language
- Northern Hindko language
- Saraiki language
- Southern Hindko language
- Western Panjabi language
- Gujarati languages
- Sindhi languages
- Dardic languages (The relation of this subgroup to other Indo Aryan languages is unclear.)
- Nuristani languages
- Sanskrit language
- Sinhalese-Maldivian languages
- Southern Indo-Aryan languages
- Unclassified
- Iranian languages
- Eastern Iranian languages
- Northeastern Iranian languages
- Southeastern Iranian languages
- Western Iranian languages
- Eastern Iranian languages
Italic languages
- Sabellic
- Latino-Faliscan
- Venetic language (either Italic or closely related to Italic)
Slavic languages
- Proto-Slavic language
- East Slavic languages
- South Slavic languages
- West Slavic languages
- Czech
- Kashubian (Pomeranian)
- Polish
- Silesian (disputed)
- Slovak
- Lower Sorbian
- Upper Sorbian
- Polabian (extinct)
- Knaanic (extinct)
Tocharian languages
- Tocharian A (Turfanian or East Tocharian)
- Tocharian B (Kuchean or West Tocharian)
Indo-European languages whose relationship to other languages in the family is unclear
- Cimmerian language, possibly related to Thracian or Iranian
- Ligurian language, possibly related to Italic or Celtic
- Lomavren language
- Ancient Macedonian language
- Dacian language
- Thracian language
- Illyrian language
- Messapian language
- Paionian language
- Phrygian language
References
- ^ "Ethnologue report for Indo-European". Ethnologue.com.
- ^ Koch, John T (2010). Celtic from the West Chapter 9: Paradigm Shift? Interpreting Tartessian as Celtic. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 187–295. ISBN 978-1-84217-410-4.
- ^ Koch, John T (2011). Tartessian 2: The Inscription of Mesas do Castelinho ro and the Verbal Complex. Preliminaries to Historical Phonology. Oxbow Books, Oxford, UK. pp. 1–198. ISBN 978-1-907029-07-3.
