Dhani dialect
- For more information, see Punjabi dialects.
Dhani is a dialect spoken in parts of Rawalpindi Division (Pothohar) of Pakistani Punjab.[1] It is spoken throughout a widespread area, including Chakwal [2] and Jehlam Districts and also spoken in neighboring Attock District.
Classification
Dhani was not adequately surveyed, and its classification had been uncertain.It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In 1920’s Garrison in his Linguist Survey of India classified in to Northern cluster of Lahnda (Western Punjabi). Masica in 1991 concluded its closeness with the Kagani dialect. Dhani is now considered as a dialect of Main stream Punjabi because it is Mutually intangible, Morphologicaly and Syntactically similar with Standard Punjabi and is in fact dialect of Punjabi agreed by majority of local linguists such as Dulai, K Narinder, Gill, Harjeet Singh Gill, A Henry. Gleason (Jr), Koul, N Omkar, Siya Madhu Bala, Afzal Ahmed Cheema, Aamir Malik, Amar Nath [3][4][5][6] as well as modern linguistics publications such as US National advisory Committee based The UCLA Language Materials Project (LMP) along with modern Foreign linguistics such as Cardona and Nataliia Ivanovna Tolstaia classifing Dhani as a dialect of Punjabi. [7][8][9] Today like all other dialects in Punjab, a process of unification and getting closer to Standard Pakistani Punjabi (Urdu influenced Majhi written in Shahmukhi), has made it similar Morphologicaly and Syntactically and Completely Mutually intangible with Standard Punjabi.All this has resulted in Dhani speaking people opting Punjabi as their native language in National Census of Pakistan 1998. Same fact has been reflected in Ethnoloque classification of Dhani in to Pakistani Punjabi (Western Punjabi).
Dialect Speaking Areas
Chakwal district of Punjab Province of Pakistan and neighboring districts speak this dialect.
- Chakwal District
- Jhelum District (in southern parts)
- Attock District (in southern parts)
References
- ^ Punjabi University, Patiala
- ^ http://meetcornor.wordpress.com/category/history/history-of-chakwal/
- ^ Dulai, Narinder K. 1989. A Pedagogical Grammar of Punjabi. Patiala: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
- ^ Gill, Harjeet Singh Gill and Henry A. Gleason, Jr: A Reference Grammar of Punjabi: Patiala University Press
- ^ Koul, Omkar N. and Madhu Bala :Punjabi Language and Linguistics: An Annotated Bibliography: New Delhi: Indian Institute of Language Studies
- ^ Malik, Amar Nath, Afzal Ahmed Cheema : 1995 : The Phonology and Morphology of Panjabi: New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers
- ^ http://books.google.fr/books?id=C9MPCd6mO6sC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ^ http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=95&menu=004
- ^ http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=BmA9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
