Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2023 May 5
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May 5 edit
Who may be the first one to use the term "gender power gap? edit
An article Draft:Gender power gap seem to claim that ".. The term gender power gap was coined in March 2020 by António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, .." But going through google scholar Guterres may not be the first one to use the term.
Who may be the first one to use the term "gender power gap? Bookku (talk) 09:20, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Now the question is also whether earlier mentions of the three words together would have constituted a distinct concept or not. But in Google Books we find (in English, that is) The Interplay of Work Power and Family Power - Gender and Power in American Dual-earner Families by Sŏng-hun Yi · 1997 and the periodical Instauration, Volume 9, 1983. --Soman (talk) 12:38, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Similarly, if you use google scholar (scholar.google.com) and search for "gender power gap" (use quotes to force the exact phrase), and set the time range to before 2020, you get at least three pages of results, all of which are using it as a distinct concept. The earliest there is 1997: [BOOK] Thinking about gender inequality, H Horikawa - 1997 - search.proquest.com,, … The depth of the global gender power gap is reflected in Japan, which boasts the world's highest levels of human development, according to the 1993 UN Development Report. But.. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 14:14, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- (edit conflict) Guterres already used the term in a tweet of 26 February 2020[1] in which he announced his upcoming speech. He was definitely not the first to use the term. For example, here, page 7,, is a use from 2003, here, also page 7 one from 2014 and here one from 2018 in The Guardian. --Lambiam 17:05, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Surely the draft should link to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and missile gap? fiveby(zero) 18:57, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
Jesus's sisters edit
According to NT, Jesus had sisters. Do they appear in any painting or other artwork? Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 12:25, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- As far as I know, only Mark 6:3 and Matthew 13:56 mentions sisters, and they are never named anywhere. This is unlike the Brothers of Jesus, which are named, and several of which we have somewhat substantial information. However, other than literally two identical verses from the Gospels, we have no other information on those sisters. The article on Brothers of Jesus does mention some names from apocryphal gospels, such as the Gospel of Philip, which mentions a sister named Mary, distinct from either the Virgin Mary or Mary Magdalene. --Jayron32 14:24, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- All true (afaik), but nameless Bible-women have turned up in art before, like the wives on the ark, Pharaoh's daughter, Potiphar's wife and Herodia's daughter. Of course, all of these have been named outside the Bible. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 14:47, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Well, yes, but those unnamed women were also actual characters. Potiphar's wife has no name, but has an actual important part of the biblical narrative. Which is to say that there are actual biblical scenes she appears in the text, which can be documented in painting. Jesus's sisters have no part in any narrative elements anywhere in the bible. They are just noted to exist. --Jayron32 14:52, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Still, the sisters could have been included in a painting depicting a particular scene/episode from Jesus' life. The Wives aboard Noah's Ark don't have a lot of Biblical action either, but there's at least one painting (ditto movie). But thanks for the "Mary" name, I'll see if I can find a good secondary source for that. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 14:58, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I'm not saying there isn't. There's a lot of paintings in the world. I'm just saying why the sisters of Jesus, who have no locations in which they were known to be in, like the ark, or are noted as being part of a story that has actual scenes to depict, like the story of Noah's Ark, we know less than that about Jesus's sisters. We know the wives on the ark were on the ark and thus are likely to be depicted in such stories. What stories are Jesus's sisters placed in? What locale were they known to be for artists to depict them in? None. They just exist. That's less than can even be said about the wives of the arkanauts. SO, while I am not saying "there is guaranteed to be no painting of a sister of Jesus ever made, in the history of everything that has ever been painted" what I am saying is "Here are some reasons why you're not going to easily find something". --Jayron32 15:11, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- The helpdeskers are capable and able, there is hope. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 15:29, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- The others are. I'm mostly a roadblock to proper operation of everything around here. --Jayron32 15:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I had a bit of a rummage through Google, but drew a blank. Any search similar to "sisters of Jesus" just brings up lots of nuns. Doesn't seem to be anything in Wikimedia Commons either. Alansplodge (talk) 17:15, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Yup, that's pretty much what I got too. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 18:54, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I had a bit of a rummage through Google, but drew a blank. Any search similar to "sisters of Jesus" just brings up lots of nuns. Doesn't seem to be anything in Wikimedia Commons either. Alansplodge (talk) 17:15, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- The others are. I'm mostly a roadblock to proper operation of everything around here. --Jayron32 15:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- The helpdeskers are capable and able, there is hope. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 15:29, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I'm not saying there isn't. There's a lot of paintings in the world. I'm just saying why the sisters of Jesus, who have no locations in which they were known to be in, like the ark, or are noted as being part of a story that has actual scenes to depict, like the story of Noah's Ark, we know less than that about Jesus's sisters. We know the wives on the ark were on the ark and thus are likely to be depicted in such stories. What stories are Jesus's sisters placed in? What locale were they known to be for artists to depict them in? None. They just exist. That's less than can even be said about the wives of the arkanauts. SO, while I am not saying "there is guaranteed to be no painting of a sister of Jesus ever made, in the history of everything that has ever been painted" what I am saying is "Here are some reasons why you're not going to easily find something". --Jayron32 15:11, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Still, the sisters could have been included in a painting depicting a particular scene/episode from Jesus' life. The Wives aboard Noah's Ark don't have a lot of Biblical action either, but there's at least one painting (ditto movie). But thanks for the "Mary" name, I'll see if I can find a good secondary source for that. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 14:58, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Well, yes, but those unnamed women were also actual characters. Potiphar's wife has no name, but has an actual important part of the biblical narrative. Which is to say that there are actual biblical scenes she appears in the text, which can be documented in painting. Jesus's sisters have no part in any narrative elements anywhere in the bible. They are just noted to exist. --Jayron32 14:52, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- All true (afaik), but nameless Bible-women have turned up in art before, like the wives on the ark, Pharaoh's daughter, Potiphar's wife and Herodia's daughter. Of course, all of these have been named outside the Bible. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 14:47, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- While the canonical texts do not name the sisters or even give their number, several apocryphal and other extracanonical sources name them as Joanna, Mary, and Salome.[2] There are many representations of this triad. This sister Mary is often identified with "the other Mary" in Matthew 28:1 and "Mary the mother of James" in Mark 16:1. The latter verse also mentions Salome. (Some scholars maintain that this "canonical" Salome cannot be the same person as the "apocryphal" Salome, but I find the arguments unconvincing.) --Lambiam 17:55, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Good finds! Though it should be noted that most Christian traditions don't consider the Myrrhbearers to be the sisters of Jesus. I mean, you can find a lot of speculation on this stuff, so you can find just about any source that says anything if you try hard enough, very few biblical scholars would consider any of this evidence to be convincing. Indeed, I'm not entirely sure that images of the myrrhbearers were painted to be sisters of Jesus; the so-called "women at the tomb" aren't traditionally thought of that way. --Jayron32 17:57, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- There is no reliable independent historical evidence of any of the characters or narratives in the New Testament other than Caesar Augustus, King Herod and Pontius Pilate. Which early Christian works became canonical scripture and which were relegated to the apocrypha has little to do with their historicity, and more with the dominant theological thought during the period in which some of the Christian scripture attained canon status. Once we start speculating that the narratives in early Christian works may have a historical basis, there is IMO no good reason to exclude apocrypha merely for not being canonical. --Lambiam 07:57, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- It seems we have 'Helvidian' (children of Joseph and Mary), 'Epiphanian' (children of Joseph), and 'Hieronymian' (cousins) views, and John P. Meier in Marginal Jew the most notable Helvidian?
Plenty of sources for a full article if someone starts.Brothers of Jesus#Relationship to Jesus fiveby(zero) 13:22, 6 May 2023 (UTC) - Yes, but that doesn't also mean we can just make up whatever we want and claim that it's as good as these traditions. It still is unlikely that anyone painting the Myrrhbearers had any belief they were painting Jesus's sisters. It's an extreme minority viewpoint, and is unlikely to have been anyone's intent in those paintings. --Jayron32 23:40, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
- It seems we have 'Helvidian' (children of Joseph and Mary), 'Epiphanian' (children of Joseph), and 'Hieronymian' (cousins) views, and John P. Meier in Marginal Jew the most notable Helvidian?
- There is no reliable independent historical evidence of any of the characters or narratives in the New Testament other than Caesar Augustus, King Herod and Pontius Pilate. Which early Christian works became canonical scripture and which were relegated to the apocrypha has little to do with their historicity, and more with the dominant theological thought during the period in which some of the Christian scripture attained canon status. Once we start speculating that the narratives in early Christian works may have a historical basis, there is IMO no good reason to exclude apocrypha merely for not being canonical. --Lambiam 07:57, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- Good finds! Though it should be noted that most Christian traditions don't consider the Myrrhbearers to be the sisters of Jesus. I mean, you can find a lot of speculation on this stuff, so you can find just about any source that says anything if you try hard enough, very few biblical scholars would consider any of this evidence to be convincing. Indeed, I'm not entirely sure that images of the myrrhbearers were painted to be sisters of Jesus; the so-called "women at the tomb" aren't traditionally thought of that way. --Jayron32 17:57, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Bauckham, Richard (1991). "Salome the Sister of Jesus, Salome the Disciple of Jesus, and the Secret Gospel of Mark". Novum Testamentum. JSTOR 1561359.
- Sivertsen, Barbara (May 2005). "New Testament Genealogies and the Families of Mary and Joseph". Biblical Theology Bulletin. 35 (2). wp library link
- Lambiam -- you're missing at least the Tetrarchs and Gamaliel. And probably a number of others, if being mentioned in Josephus counts (see the appropriate sections of "List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources")... AnonMoos (talk) 07:30, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
- Gråbergs Gråa Sång Found a couple. Try googling Jesus' siblings, not sisters. [3] [4] [5] For what they're worth. Art loves to make stuff up. Jenhawk777 (talk) 15:48, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
Artistic depiction of the Shakespeare family, late 19th century - Jenhawk, you're effing brilliant. I knew there'd be a Tissot or something out there! Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:02, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- Now if we can identify at least those first two artworks. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:05, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- I see the image-file on Tabor's blog is named "Ancient-Jewish-Family-Seder". Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:08, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- The earlychurchhistory.org one may have originated on jw.org [6], but afaict it's meant to be the family under discussion. I'm guessing not old enough to be public domain, though. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:17, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- Sorry I couldn't help more. Jenhawk777 (talk) 16:19, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- Again, you're brilliant. As has been mentioned above, they're not exactly Salome or Bathsheba. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 16:25, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- Sorry I couldn't help more. Jenhawk777 (talk) 16:19, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
- Gråbergs Gråa Sång Found a couple. Try googling Jesus' siblings, not sisters. [3] [4] [5] For what they're worth. Art loves to make stuff up. Jenhawk777 (talk) 15:48, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
Walker Texas Ranger edit
Can you help me to find if Hayes Cooper was or no modeled after a real-life Texas Ranger? Thank you very much.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.194.57 (talk • contribs)
- Do you mean the main character of The Magician (French TV series)? If so, it has nothing to do with the Texas Rangers (either the law enforcement agency OR the baseball team). --Jayron32 17:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- No, a past character in "Walker Texas Ranger", played by Chuck Norris.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.194.57 (talk • contribs)
- I can find no such character listed at List of Walker, Texas Ranger characters. If they were on the show, it was a very minor role indeed. --Jayron32 17:53, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Best Of Hayes Cooper No, according to Marshall Trimble here. Ooops, missed "modeled after", in OP's request. fiveby(zero) 19:54, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I think that Trimble's negative reply to "
Did such a man exist?
" also excludes the existence of historical characters after which the fictional Hayes Cooper might be modeled. --Lambiam 07:41, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- I think that Trimble's negative reply to "
- Hayes Cooper is mentioned several times in List of Walker, Texas Ranger episodes. Chuck Norris has the show's title role but sometimes plays a different Texas Ranger in episodes set in the Wild West past. Maybe it's enough to be added to List of Walker, Texas Ranger characters#Recurring characters. PrimeHunter (talk) 21:43, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- Best Of Hayes Cooper No, according to Marshall Trimble here. Ooops, missed "modeled after", in OP's request. fiveby(zero) 19:54, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- I can find no such character listed at List of Walker, Texas Ranger characters. If they were on the show, it was a very minor role indeed. --Jayron32 17:53, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- No, a past character in "Walker Texas Ranger", played by Chuck Norris.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.194.57 (talk • contribs)
- Side note, the OP edited their original question. They originally asked about the character Ace Cooper, which is what led me to The Magician. They have changed their original question. --Jayron32 23:37, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
Robespierre edit
Please, can you help me to find if his parents, paternal and maternal grandparents, and sister Henriette were loyals to the absolute monarchy, then royalists of the ancien regime, unlike he, Augustin, and Charlotte? Thank you very much. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.207.194.57 (talk) 17:20, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Robespierre's mother died in childbirth when Robespierre was 6, and his father basically abandoned the family, and very little is known of him except that he occasionally dropped in out of nowhere to say "Hi" (like a typical deadbeat dad) and that he died in 1777, which was some time before the revolution. Here is the article about the father at fr.wikipedia. His paternal grandfather died in 1762, also well before the Revolution, as noted at Maximilien's article at fr.wikipedia. His paternal grandmother is not noted at all there, and I can find not even a name. His maternal grandfather, Jacques Carraut, died in 1778 according to the same article. Nothing is mentioned about his maternal grandmother, I also can't find even her name. Regarding Henriette, I also can find little to nothing about her except her name, and unreliable sources like this noting that she died at age 18 in 1780. If true, she also never lived long enough to come close to the Revolution. So, regarding the people you ask about, they all died well before the Revolution, a decade or more before anyone would have been seriously thinking about a Republican France in any meaningful sense.--Jayron32 17:39, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Ok, then can you search if exist the name of that Munich's school where his father was a teacher until his death in 1777? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.244.234.59 (talk) 08:57, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
What do the Chinese think of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? edit
The Chinese people were the victims of Japan's aggression during World War II, such the Nanking Massacre and the torturous medical experiments conducted by Unit 731, but what do they think about the A-bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? 95.144.204.68 (talk) 19:15, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- China is the 1 or 2 most populated country of the world. Surely they don't have a single and unified opinion about this or any other topic. Cambalachero (talk) 19:32, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Okay well, what do most Chinese people think of the A-bombings Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 95.144.204.68 (talk) 20:43, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- How would you go about taking an opinion poll in China? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 21:13, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- TikTok? Blueboar (talk) 21:24, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Ok… seriously, I would suspect that the opinions of the Chinese are as mixed varied and at times even contradictory as the the opinions of rest of the world: some likely find the use of the bombs abhorrent … others a sad necessity, ultimately saving more lives than if not used… a few will see it as a good thing (revenge) … and yet others as a simple historical fact without giving any moral judgement … and I am sure that there are some youngsters who have never heard of it, and so have no opinion at all. Blueboar (talk) 21:42, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- What's the party's opinion? It will be the only one voiced by the vast majority of the population whatever their private thoughts. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 22:14, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- How would you go about taking an opinion poll in China? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 21:13, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Okay well, what do most Chinese people think of the A-bombings Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 95.144.204.68 (talk) 20:43, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
- Googling "chinese opinion of hiroshima and nagasaki", here's one possible answer:[7] ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 00:14, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- Perhaps gtransalting 廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸 will provide a hint. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 10:42, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- Also Popular Responses to the Atomic Bomb in China 1945–1955. Editors can access the whole article via The Wikipedia Library. Alansplodge (talk) 14:27, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- Note to other RefDesk editors; please check the answerabilty of a question before rushing to dismiss. "It is by politeness, etiquette and charity that society is saved from falling into a heap of savagery" says William of Wykeham. Alansplodge (talk) 14:25, 6 May 2023 (UTC)
- "Popular Responses..." is a remarkably relevant and, to me, very surprising answer. Thank you, @Alansplodge. Star Lord - 星爵 (talk) 15:58, 12 May 2023 (UTC)