Diamonique Berchtold

Once I finished the research, I found that the topic that i choose I relatively new. Since there is a limited number of sources discussing exactly neo-nationalism, I found that there is unclear division among the scholars that investigate neo-nationalism as an ideology and as a movement. Therefore, I decided to contribute by adding to the existing article this particular distinction. Secondly, I followed the roots to understand how the concept is explored in both cases. Secondly, I decided to contribute by emphasizing the roots for the formation of neo-nationalism as an ideology and the following movement. I will also add a short passage about the structure itself and the elements that formed it. Lastly, looking at particular territorial relations, I decided to add neo-nationalism that is present in Europe and a short passage of information about the historical background, particularly in Europe.

Neo-nationalism is an ideology and movement built on the basic characteristics of the classical nationalism [1](Banks 1996: 121-31) and developed to its final form by applying elements with reactionary character generated as a reaction to the political, economic, and socio-cultural changes that came with globalization during the second wave of globalization[2][3][4](Appadurai 1996; Beck 1997; Hennerz 1996). Both nationalists and neo-nationalists see the nation as one family but differ in the criteria for affiliation. Nationalist see the state and the nation as a family whose members are inextricably linked based on ethnical, racial, genetic, religious or cultural homogeneity as criteria of belonging[5](Walzer). In contrast, neo-nationalists take historical association as the major factor for granting membership to the national family, which makes it inclusive and fundamentally different from their predecessors in terms of inclusiveness[6] (Gindrich and Banks 2006: 2-7). Neo-Nationalism is considered as a West European-wide phenomenon. It has its origins in the post-Cold War period and the changes which the third phase of globalization brought to the West European states. The EU integration and enlargement gave rise to a series of economic, social, and political changes causing uncertainties on an individual and collective level[7][8] (McDonald 1989; Seiser 2006). Empowerment of the European Union by extending its members and the referenda on European Union Constitution formed the idea of a transnational quasi-state [9]and a global nation under liberal democracy as the single political ideology that governs that transnational state. After the referendum on the Treaty to establish a Constitution for Europe was rejected, the delegation of national sovereignty to the European Union was seen by the Neo-Nationalists as a strategic act that aims at accumulation of power that undermines states’ national sovereignty and their right of self-determination. The dramatical events that marked the Islamic world in the 1980s such as the Revolution in Iran, the assassination of the Egyptian president, and the death of the President of Pakistan, set a start of increased immigration towards Western European states[10](De Soysa, & Nordås 2007). The problems that immigrants encountered in relation to their arrival, accommodation, and integration within the domestic society of the hosting state motivated restructure of the political agenda and policy adjustments that integrated the diversity of immigrants. The inclusion of ’foreign’ principles next to the traditional elements that constitute the character of the hosting state as criteria for policy led to the feeling of the threat neo-nationalist felt. This process was framed as 'islamisation' and turned into the explanatory factor for a specific defensive collective behaviour[11] (Rath and Saniet 1994: 57) The conflicts and the violence that followed after the political destabilization in some of the Islamic states led to the categorisation if Islam as having an anti-democratic anti-modern character that is at odds with the Western liberal democracy. After the September 11 attacks, this image of Islam became dominant. The sense of the ‘Islamic threat’ to de modern societies and their culture that spread along the Western European states resulted in the rise of national awareness and pride in terms of culture and folklore, and a need of protection the national cultural identity[12][13]( Schnabel 1999, van Praag 2000). In contrast to the classical nationalism, neo-nationalism does not take ethnicity and race to structure a hierarchical order in terms of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’[14]. The core distinction that makes neo-nationalists departure from their predecessors is their stand on differences and the relationship between diverse groups and behaviour. In the core of the traditional romantic nationalism, lies the notion of correct performance of 'whiteness'[15] based on Western-established principles, which serve as a universal standard of conducts and a template for universal application on which missionary actions and colonization had received justification in the past [1]. Contrastingly, neo-nationalists hold that correct behavior among the members of civil society is based on reciprocity. Differences should not be framed as a problem that requires action to be overcome. Since differences are naturally given and form a part of individual’s and collective’s identity, they should be integrated within the civil society based on mutual toleration and respect, without being hierarchically ordered producing normative claims and categorisation of ‘good or bad’ [16](Schiffauer et al 2004). Based on toleration and respect among the diverse, neo-nationalists hold that migrants should be granted basic rights to live according to their own cultural background but at the same time, it is expected that they will integrate within the domestic civil society adopting the basic principles of the Western Culture. Fundamentally, Neo-nationalism stands in strong defence of gender equality[1][6][16](Gingrich and Banks 2006). Based on the Islamic code that does not set men and women on an equal position and determines homosexuality as a sin, Neo-Nationalism insists on full integration of Muslims who desire to join Western European states with the modern principles of gender equality[17] (Baumann 2004). With the globalisation and the idea of one single nation, neo-nationalists see a problem of identification and threatened identities [18][19] (Jenkins 1996; McDonald) They claim for the protection of the symbolic heritage such as art and folk traditions which is also common for the cultural nationalism [20] [21]( John Breuilly 2013). It is what constituted the collective identity of the nations, which is not necessarily exclusive according to the desire of people from different cultures to join the local one. References[edit | edit source] ^ Jump up to: a b c Banks, Marcus (1996). Ethnicity. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-30997-1. ^ Holston, J.; Appadurai, A. (1996-01-01). "Cities and Citizenship". Public Culture. 8 (2): 187–204. doi:10.1215/08992363-8-2-187. ISSN 0899-2363. ^ Beck, Ulrich; Sopp, Peter (1997). "Individualisierung und Integration". doi:10.1007/978-3-322-95818-1. ^ Hannerz, U. (1996). Transactional connections : culture, people, places. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14309-8. OCLC 849306953. ^ Walzer, Michael. (1993). Spheres of justice : a defence of pluralism and equality. Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-14063-8. OCLC 439795521. ^ Jump up to: a b Warmenbol, Lien (2008). "Gingrich, Andre, and Marcus Banks (eds.): Neo-Nationalism in Europe and Beyond". Anthropos. 103 (2): 593–594. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2008-2-593. ISSN 0257-9774. ^ McDonald, Maryon. (1989). "We are not French!" : language, culture, and identity in Brittany. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-00632-5. OCLC 19922545. ^ Seiser, Gertraud. On the importance of being the last one : iheritance and marriage in an Austrian peasant community. OCLC 610993126. ^ DeBardeleben, Joan 1950- Hurrelmann, Achim 1974- (2011). Transnational Europe : promise, paradox, limits. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-30637-0. OCLC 903291338. ^ Indra de Soysa and Ragnhild Nordås (December 2007). Replication data for: ISLAM’S BLOODY INNARDS?. Indra de Soysa and Ragnhild Nordås. OCLC 729701975. ^ Rath, Jan; Sunier, Thijl; Meyer, Astrid (1999), "Der Islam in den Niederlanden: Zur Bedeutung islamischer Institutionen in einer entsäulten Gesellschaft", Fundamentalismusverdacht, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 74–84, ISBN 978-3-8100-2500-5, retrieved 2020-04-29

Your submission at Articles for creation: Neo Nationalism (April 30)

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Sulfurboy (talk) 20:51, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

Hello, Diamonique Berchtold! Having an article declined at Articles for Creation can be disappointing. If you are wondering why your article submission was declined, please post a question at the Articles for creation help desk. If you have any other questions about your editing experience, we'd love to help you at the Teahouse, a friendly space on Wikipedia where experienced editors lend a hand to help new editors like yourself! See you there! Sulfurboy (talk) 20:51, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Neo Nationalism

Hello, Diamonique Berchtold. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Neo Nationalism".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz ^{Read! Talk!} 17:50, 10 November 2020 (UTC)