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Economics and law sources.
Principles and concepts edit
General history edit
- 100 BC - Constitutional law, Criminal law, family law
- Gaius (130-180), Lex est quod populus iubet atque constituit (Institutiones 1.2.3)
- Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis (529) and Institutes
- William the Conqueror (1066), Magna Carta, the Domesday book and the common law
- 1600 AD - International law and administrative law
- 1700 - Human rights, civil liberties
- Code Napoleon (1804) and the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (1881-1900)
- British Empire, Commonwealth of Nations, Privy Council
- 1900 - Public international law, particularly international institutions
- Welfare state, International Labour Organisation
- United Nations, World Trade Organisation and the European Union
Rationality edit
- Homo economicus
- Reasonable man
- Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1648)
- Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (1660)
- John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)
- David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739) and An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748)
- Jeremy Bentham, Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789)
- Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Theory of Relativity (1905)
- John Forbes Nash and game theory
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations (1951)
- RH Frank, T Gilovich, DT Regan, 'Does Studying Economics Inhibit Cooperation?' (1993) 7(2) Journal of Economic Perspectives 159-171
Method edit
Distribution and production edit
- Aristotle, Ethics
- Institutiones, 3.305, tantum bona valent, quantum vendi possunt (goods are worth as much as they can be sold for)
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica (1274)
- John Locke and the labour theory of value
- Lord Mansfield, good faith, etc
- Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
- Karl Marx and the theory of exploitation and alienation
- Stanley Jevons, Carl von Menger, Leon Walras, theory of marginal utility
- Alfred Marshall and supply and demand
- Pareto efficiency, Kaldor-Hicks efficiency and X-efficiency
Accountability edit
- Opinion
- John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859)
- BBC and The Times
- Media regulation
Microeconomics edit
- 200BC - Contract, tort, unjust enrichment, property (BC)
- 1200AD - Trusts and equity (12th century)
- 1600 - Intellectual property (16th century)
- 1800 - Labour law, company law, competition law (19th century)
- 1900 - Consumer protection, discrimination law, social security
Foundations of private law edit
- Aristotle (384-322BC), Nicomachean Ethics, on the origins of equity and the distinction to law and 1132a-1132b, saying the purpose of justice is to maintain an equilibrium of goods among members of society.
- Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779-1861) Das Recht des Besitzes (1803), System des heutigen Römischen Rechts (1805) and the University of Berlin (1810)
- Armory v Delamirie (1722) 1 Strange 505
- Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1
- Trusts and equity (12th century)
- Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223
- Pension law
- Intellectual property (16th century)
- Pied Piper of Hamelin by Robert Browning (1842) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1803) and Rumpelstilzchen
- Pacta sunt servanda
- Freedom of contract, property and the right to vote
- Patrick Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (1979)
- Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1892] EWCA Civ 1 and objectivity
- Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341 and fairness
- Paradine v Jane (1647) Aleyn 26 and compensation
- J Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461, Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1971] 2 QB 163, Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] QB 433 and consent
- Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Introduction to the Jurisprudence of Holland
- Misrepresentation
- Advertising and JK Galbraith
- Undue influence, duress, unconscionability and inequality of bargaining power
- Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145
- Unfair Contract Terms Bill
- Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F.2d 445 (C.A. D.C. 1965) and Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326
- Sir Anthony Fitzherbert (1470-1538), New Natura Brevium (1534)
- Nuisance and the protection of property
- Ronald Coase, 'The Problem of Social Cost' (1960) 1 JLE 1 and Richard Posner, Paul Samuelson, Kenneth Arrow etc
- Professional negligence
- Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 and consumer protection
- Winterbottom v Wright (1842) 152 ER 402, Rylands v Fletcher [1868] UKHL 1, Bamford v Turnley (1860) 122 ER 25
- Vicarious liability, Common employment, contributory negligence, volenti non fit injuria and Workplace health and safety
- If contract is free and the market is free, then what are these laws doing?
Labour edit
- Karl Marx, Das Kapital (1867)
- Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, Ancient Law (1864) and the move from status to contract
- International Labour Organisation (1919), the League of Nations, and a new kind of constitutional law
- Discrimination law, dismissal and "At will employment"
- Wrongful dismissal and Unfair dismissal
- Wilson v Racher [1974] ICR 428
- National Minimum Wage Act 1998
- Beatrice Webb and Sidney Webb, History of Trade Unionism (1894) and Industrial Democracy (1897)
- Trade Union Act 1871, Trade Disputes Act 1906 and the history of labour law
- Bullock Report 1977, Mitbestimmungsgesetz of 1976, EC Draft Fifth Directive on Company Law 1975
- Mitbestimmungsgesetz Urteil BVerGE 50, 290, Bullock Report (1977)
Companies edit
- South Sea Bubble (1719) and Keech v Sandford (1726) 25 ER 223
- Ralph Nader, Taming the Corporate Giant (1976) KF1414 N13; The consumer and corporate accountability (1973) HC110.C63 N13
- Hutton v West Cork Railway Co, Bowen LJ
- Dodge v. Ford Motor Company 170 NW 668, 684 (1919)[1]
- American Law Institute, Principles of Corporate Government: Analysis and Recommendations §2.01(a) (1994)
Competition edit
- Diocletian's regulations
- John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy, Book ...
- History of competition law and antitrust
- Sherman Act and the Clayton Act of 1914
Macroeconomics edit
Socialisation edit
- Public and private property
- Plato's The Republic and Aristotle
- Sir Thomas More, Utopia
- Robert Owen (1771-1858) and A New View Of Society (1813)
- Pierre Proudhon, What Is Property? (1840)
- Revolutions of 1848 and the Communist Manifesto (1848) whose ten demands were, free primary education, progressive income tax, inheritance tax, government provided transport and communication, nationalisation of banks, a government agricultural plan, (and more radically) a duty of everyone to work, gradually nationalising industry, abolishing private property in land, confiscating emigrants' and rebels' property and distributing the population equally across the country.
- Karl Marx, Das Kapital (1867), On the Jewish Question
- John Stuart Mill, felicific calculus, utilitarianism and happiness
- Principles of Political Economy (1848) and Utilitarianism (1863), Considerations on Representative Government (1861), Auguste Comte and Positivism (1865), The Subjection of Women (1869) and Chapters on Socialism
- Max Weber, Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus (1905), Politik als Beruf (1919) and Economy and Society
- Russian Revolution (1917), Lenin and the Berlin Wall; Grundgesetz art 13
- Joseph Stiglitz, public economics and nationalisation
- Elementary Education Act 1870
- Brown v Board of Education 347 US 483 (1954)
- Poor laws and debt prisons; Pensions and the National Insurance Act 1911, unemployment benefits
- Soviet Union and United States of America, communism and capitalism
- Welfare State, Beveridge Report
- John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (1971) and Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (1972)
- National Health Service Act 1946 and Medicare
- Roe v Wade 410 US 113 (1973)
- Treaty of Bern and the Universal Postal Union (1874)
- Convention on International Civil Aviation (1944) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (1948)
- United States v. National City Lines, Inc., 186 F.2d 562 (1951)
- BBC, PBS, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, RTF
- Buckley v Valeo 424 US 1 (1976)
- Environmental law
- European Coal and Steel Community and the Common Fisheries Policy
- Antarctic Treaty System (1949))
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997)
- European Union Emission Trading Scheme
Financial markets edit
- Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Services Authority
- Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
- Derivatives and FSMA 2000 s 412, with the Gaming Act 1845
- Great Depression (1929-1939), Asian crisis (1990s) and Global financial crisis (2007-)
Banking and monetary policy edit
- Bank Charter Act 1844 and the gold standard
- Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street, A Description of the Money Market (1873)
- ...partly reacting to Overend, Gurney and Company's collapse in 1866
- Great Depression, New Deal
- Basel II and minimum capital
- Inflation and interest rates
- Bank of England, European Central Bank, United States Federal Reserve
- European Monetary Union
- Exchange rates
- Re Barings (No 5), Re BCCI SA (No 8)
Taxation and fiscal policy edit
- Magna Carta 1215
- Boston Tea Party
- Article XIII, Declaration of the Rights of Man
International economics edit
International financial regulation edit
- Mercantilism and the Gold standard
- International Monetary Fund, World Bank, International Clearing Union and the bancor
- OPEC, Milton Friedman, Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan and the failure of Bretton Woods
- Paul Krugman, Depression economics
- Offshore trust and tax haven and hedge funds
International trade law edit
- David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817)
- Corn laws and free trade
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, World Trade Organisation[2]
- EU law and the Treaty of Rome (1952), Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1 and the common agricultural policy
- Treaty of the European Community, four freedoms
- US Constitution's commerce clause, Australian Constitution
Development edit
- Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal (1729)
- Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) and poverty
- Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 (1845)
- Social and economic rights and human rights
- Declaration of Delhi (1959)
- Amartya Sen and development economics
- United Nations Millennium Declaration, Millenium Development Goals and Jubilee 2000
See also edit
- Constitutional law (BC)
- International law and administrative law (17th century)
- Human rights, civil liberties (18th century)
- Criminal law, family law (19th century)
- Public international law, particularly international institutions (20th century)
- Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy and positivism
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations (1953)
Notes edit
- ^ "A business corporation is organized and carried on primarily for the profit of the stockholders. The powers of the directors are to be employed for that end. The discretion of the directors is to be exercised in the choice of means to that end, and does not extend to a change in the end itself, to the reduction of profits, or the non-distribution of profits among stockholders in order to devote them to other purposes."
- ^ If the arbitration process became the civil court of the UN?