Walktalkeatsleep

Storms That I’ve Tracked

Number of storms intensity and damages and fatalities

Intensity of the system	Systems and fatalities and damages
Number of Depressions	31
Number of Stroms	27
Number of Hurricanes	10
Number of Major Hurricanes	6
Number of Fatalities	0
Number of Damages	Unknown

Hurricane Teddy

Main article: Hurricane Teddy

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 12 – September 23
Peak intensity	140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 945 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 10. Though the wave was experiencing moderate northeasterly shear, convection increased early on September 12, which led to the development of a well-defined surface center. As a result, a tropical depression formed around 06:00 UTC about 575 mi (925 km) southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands. After overcoming a combination of northeasterly shear, dry air in the mid-levels and the large size and radius of maximum winds of the system, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Teddy around 00:00 UTC on September 14. Late the next day, the storm began its first period of rapid intensification. During this time, microwave images indicated that an eye formed, and that Teddy had become a hurricane near 00:00 UTC September 16 about 805 mi (1,295 km) east-northeast of Barbados. The storm continued to intensify, becoming a Category 2 hurricane several hours later. Some slight westerly wind shear briefly halted further strengthening, but when it subsided, the storm began another period of rapid intensification early on September 17. Teddy became a Category 3 major hurricane around 12:00 UTC while centered about 575 mi (925 km) east-northeast of Guadeloupe and became a Category 4 hurricane six hours later. Around 00:00 UTC on September 18, Teddy reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (230 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar (27.9 inHg).

An eyewall replacement cycle late on September 18 caused the storm to weaken to a Category 3, while an increase in southwesterly shear caused Teddy to drop below major hurricane strength around 00:00 UTC on September 20. The cyclone passed about 230 mi (370 km) east of Bermuda on September 21 as it turned northward and north-northeastward while interacting with a negatively tilted trough. This interaction caused an increase in both the storm's maximum wind speed and size. Teddy reached a secondary peak intensity of 105 mph (170 km/h) between 06:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC on September 22. Interaction with the trough also triggered the extratropical transition process; Teddy's wind field became more asymmetric, and the associated convection become less centralized. At about 18:00 UTC that same day, the hurricane weakened to Category 1 intensity, before becoming an extratropical low at around 00:00 UTC on September 23, while located about 190 mi (305 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The low then moved onshore of Atlantic Canada approximately 12 hours later near Ecum Secum, Nova Scotia, with sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h). The system weakened as it moved northward across eastern Nova Scotia and then the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it was absorbed by a larger non-tropical low early on September 24, near eastern Labrador.

The hurricane generated large ocean swells which spread along much of the U.S. Atlantic coast and from the northern Caribbean to Bermuda. Two people drowned in Puerto Rico due to rip currents generated by these swells on September 18, as did a swimmer in New Jersey. Abnormally high tides also caused coastal flooding in Charleston, South Carolina, and the Outer Banks of North Carolina. In the latter, waves swept away some sand dunes and pushed sand onto roadways. About 220 households lost power in Bermuda. Otherwise, impact was mainly limited to sand being deposited on roadways on the island's south coasts. The extratropical remnants of Teddy generated wind gusts up to 90 mph (145 km/h) in Nova Scotia. Approximately 18,000 customers throughout the Atlantic Canada region lost electricity. There were also isolated reports of minor flooding. Damage from Teddy in all areas impacted totaled roughly $35 million.

Subtropical Storm Alpha

Main article: Subtropical Storm Alpha (2020)

Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 17 – September 19
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 996 mbar (hPa)

A large, extratropical low-pressure area developed over the northeast Atlantic Ocean on September 14, following the interaction between a surface front and an upper-level low. The low peaked with sustained winds of 70 mph (115 km/h) on September 15. Although the low weakened as it headed south-southeastward, the wind field contracted and convection began forming closer to the circulation due to marginally warm sea surface temperatures and sufficient atmospheric instability. By 06:00 UTC on September 17, the system developed into Subtropical Storm Alpha roughly 405 mi (650 km) east of the Azores. Alpha continued to strengthen and attained its peak intensity as a subtropical system around 00:00 UTC on September 18, with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 996 mbar (29.4 inHg). At 18:40 UTC that day, the cyclone made landfall about 10 mi (15 km) south of Figueira da Foz, Portugal. Around 00:00 UTC on September 19, Alpha weakened to a subtropical depression inland over north-central Portugal. Three hours later, it degenerated to a post-tropical remnant low near Viseu, Portugal. and dissipated shortly thereafter.

In preparation for Alpha on September 18, orange warnings were raised for high wind and heavy rain in Coimbra and Leiria districts of Portugal. Alpha and its associated low produced a wind gust up to 55 mph (89 km/h) at Monte Real. High winds downed many trees and caused numerous power outages in coastal Portugal. The storm also spawned at least two tornadoes, both rated EF1 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. In Spain, the front associated with Alpha caused a train to derail in Madrid, while thunderstorms on Ons Island caused a forest fire. There were no reports of injuries or deaths related to Alpha while it was a subtropical cyclone, but its remnants caused one fatality in Spain, as a woman in Calzadilla died after a roof collapsed upon her. Overall, Alpha caused at least $1 million in damage.

Hurricane Paulette

Main article: Hurricane Paulette

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 22
Peak intensity	105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); 965 mbar (hPa)

On September 2, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. The wave organized over the eastern Atlantic and formed a low-pressure area on September 6, as it moved generally westward. Around 00:00 UTC on the next day, the low developed into Tropical Depression Seventeen roughly 1,150 mi (1,850 km) west of the Cabo Verde Islands. About 12 hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Paulette. The storm moved generally west-northwestward while gradually intensifying. At 12:00 UTC on September 9, Paulette reached an initial peak intensity with sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), which lasted for about 12 hours, before increasing wind shear weakened the storm. Despite unfavorable conditions, Paulette began to re-intensify on September 11. Eventually, lessening wind shear allowed Paulette to become more organized and begin to form an eye, becoming a hurricane early on September 13, about 415 mi (670 km) southeast of Bermuda. Dry air entrainment gave the storm a somewhat ragged appearance, but Paulette continued to slowly strengthen as it approached Bermuda, with its eye clearing out and its convection becoming more symmetric. Paulette then turned sharply northward and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane as it made landfall on Bermuda at 08:50 UTC on September 14 with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). The storm continued to strengthen after moving over Bermuda, reaching its peak intensity later that day, with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg).

After attaining its peak intensity, Paulette accelerated northeastward on September 15 and began an extratropical transition, which it completed the next day about 405 mi (650 km) southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland. After gradually weakening over the following few days and slowly curving southward, the extratropical cyclone began to redevelop a warm core as the convection associated with the low gradually increased in coverage and organization. By 18:00 UTC on September 20, the system reorganized into a tropical storm about 230 mi (370 km) south-southwest of the Azores. Then, at 00:00 UTC on September 22, Paulette reached a secondary peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h). It moved eastward over the next day, and became post-tropical for the second and final time on September 23 while situated roughly 690 mi (1,110 km) southeast of the Azores. Although the remnant low briefly re-strengthened again, drier and more stable air as well as colder ocean temperatures prevented redevelopment. The low meandered to the south of the Azores before degenerating into a trough of low pressure late on September 28.

Paulette produced hurricane-force winds on Bermuda, with sustained winds reaching 79 mph (127 km/h) at Pearl Island and surface-level gusts reaching 97 mph (156 km/h) at L.F. Wade International Airport. Trees and power lines were downed throughout Bermuda as Paulette passed over, leading to roughly 25,000 power outages, which accounts for approximately 70 percent of electrical customers on the island. Damage on Bermuda totaled approximately $50 million. There were two direct deaths and one injury associated with Paulette, each of which occurred due to rip currents along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Between September 13 and September 15, several water rescues were conducted along the coast of New Jersey.

Hurricane Sally

Main article: Hurricane Sally

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 11 – September 17
Peak intensity	110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min); 965 mbar (hPa)

In early September, a well-defined surface trough developed over the western Atlantic just south of Bermuda. The trough moved slowly west-southwestward towards the Bahamas, where it produced disorganized convection beginning on September 10. By 18:00 UTC on September 11, convection within the system became better organized and a well-defined center of circulation developed, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Nineteen between Andros Island and Bimini in the Bahamas. The depression moved westward and made landfall near Cutler Bay, Florida, around 06:00 UTC on September 12, with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Six hours later, while its center was over the Everglades, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Sally. Sally emerged over the Gulf of Mexico a few hours later and turned to the northwest once offshore. Moderate northwesterly shear hindered its steady strengthening. When the shear decreased somewhat early the next day, a burst of deep convection developed near and to the east of the storm's center and it began to go through a period of rapid intensification. During this time, Sally became a category 1 hurricane at 06:00 UTC on September 14, while centered about 145 mi (235 km) south of Pensacola, Florida, as its intensity increased from 60 to 85 mph (95 to 135 km/h) over an 18-hour period. After weakening to 80 mph (130 km/h) early on September 15, Sally slowed to a crawl while turning north-northeastward. Later that same day, Sally began a second period of rapid intensification, becoming a high-end Category 2 hurricane by 06:00 UTC September 16. At around 09:45 UTC, the system made landfall at peak intensity near Gulf Shores, Alabama, with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg). Sally rapidly weakened to a tropical storm by 18:00 UTC as it moved slowly inland. Later, the storm weakened to a tropical depression by 06:00 UTC on September 17, and became an extratropical low six hours later over eastern Alabama. It was subsequently absorbed within a cold front and dissipated over South Carolina on the following day.

In its early stages, Sally dropped heavy rainfall in South Florida. Although this mostly caused street flooding, up to 6 in (150 mm) of water was reported in some businesses and homes in Key West. Winds uprooted some trees and knocked down power lines, leaving about 10,000 customers without power. The hurricane lashed the Florida Panhandle with strong winds, heavy precipitation, and storm surge. Approximately 50 structures were demolished, while thousands of others in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties suffered damage. Flooding left numerous roads impassable and washed out several roads and bridges. The widespread uprooting of trees and damaged power lines left at least 245,000 customers without electricity. In Alabama, hurricane-force winds in Baldwin and Mobile counties damaged many buildings, uprooted numerous trees and knocked down power lines, causing 275,000 electrical customers to lose power. Farther inland, heavy rainfall left several roads impassable and washed out in Coffee, Crenshaw, and Escambia counties. In Mississippi, storm surge inundated 100 low-lying roads in Hancock County and 60 others in Jackson County. Falling trees blocked some roads and damaged some homes in the latter. Storm surge in Louisiana left some roads impassable in low-lying areas of Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, and St. Tammany parishes. Flash flooding impacted portions of Georgia, especially in Washington County and the Augusta and Waynesboro areas. Some trees were uprooted due to saturated grounds, leaving around 30,000 customers without power. Overall, there were 23 tornadoes reported across the Southeastern United States while Sally was a tropical cyclone, including 12 in South Carolina, 6 in Georgia, 4 in North Carolina, and 1 in Florida. The storm was responsible for nine fatalities – three in Florida and two each in Alabama and Georgia – and approximately $7.3 billion in damage.

Tropical Storm Karina

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 12 – September 16
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 996 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave departed Africa on August 26 and emerged into the East Pacific by September 7, where it only slowly developed. By 18:00 UTC on September 12, a new tropical depression formed about 540 mi (870 km) south-southwest of Baja California Sur. The system moved west-northwest on the southwest side of a ridge throughout its duration. In the wake of its formation, the depression struggled with northeasterly wind shear which kept the center exposed. Despite this, it intensified into Tropical Storm Karina around 06:00 UTC on September 13. Shear decreased the following day, allowing Karina to attain peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) on September 15. Ocean waters eventually began to decrease, causing a weakening trend that resulted in Karina's degeneration to a remnant low at 18:00 UTC on September 16. The low turned west and opened up into a trough early on September 18.

Tropical Storm Rene

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 14
Peak intensity	45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged off the coast of Africa over the Atlantic Ocean on September 6. A well-defined low-pressure area already existed, though convection initially remained limited. An area of deep convection formed over the center of the low by 06:00 UTC on September 7, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Eighteen approximately 200 mi (320 km) east of the easternmost islands of Cabo Verde. Convection consolidated and organized further, with banding developing later that day, while the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Rene about 12 hours later. Moving west-northwestward for much of its duration, Rene made landfall near Boa Vista Island around 00:00 UTC on September 8 with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). Dry air and only marginally warm seas caused convection to wane and Rene weakened to a tropical depression several hours later. After another burst in deep convection early on September 9, the cyclone re-strengthened into a tropical storm. At 12:00 UTC on September 10, Rene peaked with sustained winds of 45 mph (72 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,001 mbar (29.6 inHg). Showers and thunderstorms decreased starting on the following day due to dry air and Rene weakened to a tropical depression on September 12. Strong westerly shear caused further weakening, with Rene degenerating into a trough about 1,035 mi (1,665 km) northeast of the Leeward Islands. The remnants turned southwestward and dissipated a few days later.

Rene brought gusty winds and heavy rain to the Cabo Verde Islands on September 8. A tropical storm warning was issued for the islands on September 7, which remained in effect though late the next day.

Tropical Storm Vicky

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 14 – September 17
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa)

In the early hours of September 11, a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa. An area of low pressure associated with the wave moved northwestward and crossed the Cabo Verde Islands on September 12, producing showers and locally heavy rain. The next day, the disturbance steadily organized, and by 00:00 UTC on September 14, the system became Tropical Depression Twenty-One about 195 mi (315 km) west of the northwesternmost of the Cabo Verde Islands. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Vicky six hours later based on scatterometer data. Despite extremely strong shear partially caused by Hurricane Teddy's outflow removing all but a small convective cluster to the northeast of its center, Vicky intensified further, reaching its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and a pressure of 1,001 mbar (29.6 inHg) at 12:00 UTC on September 15. Over the ensuing couple of days, the storm was beset by increasing wind shear, and it weakened to a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC on September 17. Then, about six hours later, it degenerated into a remnant low about 920 mi (1,480 km) west-northwest of the northwesternmost Cabo Verde Islands and subsequently dissipated.

The precursor tropical wave of Vicky produced flooding in the Cabo Verde Islands. Within a 24-hour period, approximately 5 in (88 mm) of precipitation fell in the capital city of Praia. Flooding blocked several roads and damaged automobiles, bridges, buildings, and farmland. The floods killed one person in Praia on September 12.

Tropical Storm Noul (Leon)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 15 – September 18
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar)

Main article: Tropical Storm Noul (2020)

On September 14 at 12:00 UTC, the JMA began tracking a tropical depression. On the morning of September 15, the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for a tropical system forming in the Philippine Sea. The JTWC later upgraded it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC as they issued their first warning on the system as Tropical Depression 13W. Since the depression formed inside of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the PAGASA immediately issued a severe weather bulletin on the storm and named the system Leon. At 21:00 on September 16, the storm left the PAR and PAGASA issued its final warning on the system. At 03:00 UTC September 18, Noul made landfall between Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên-Huế provinces. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system. After being downgraded to a low-pressure area (LPA), Noul followed a westward path and emerged in the Indian Ocean.

A few days before the storm hit Vietnam, the Vietnamese government closed three airports and evacuated more than one million people in the affected areas. Noul damaged homes and knocked down trees and power lines in Hue, Vietnam. Heavy precipitation amounts peaking at 310 mm (12.20 inches) fell in Da Nang. The storm caused 6 deaths and 705 billion đồng (US$30.4 million) in damage.

The remnants of Noul left the western Pacific after the landfall and reached the waters of the northern Indian Ocean. The remnants created several areas of convection and caused heavy rains, landslides, floods, causing some damages in Bangladesh, northeast of India and Myanmar. No death was reported.

Tropical Storm Noul (Leon)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 15 – September 18
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar)

Main article: Tropical Storm Noul (2020)

On September 14 at 12:00 UTC, the JMA began tracking a tropical depression. On the morning of September 15, the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for a tropical system forming in the Philippine Sea. The JTWC later upgraded it to a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC as they issued their first warning on the system as Tropical Depression 13W. Since the depression formed inside of the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the PAGASA immediately issued a severe weather bulletin on the storm and named the system Leon. At 21:00 on September 16, the storm left the PAR and PAGASA issued its final warning on the system. At 03:00 UTC September 18, Noul made landfall between Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên-Huế provinces. At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system. After being downgraded to a low-pressure area (LPA), Noul followed a westward path and emerged in the Indian Ocean.

A few days before the storm hit Vietnam, the Vietnamese government closed three airports and evacuated more than one million people in the affected areas. Noul damaged homes and knocked down trees and power lines in Hue, Vietnam. Heavy precipitation amounts peaking at 310 mm (12.20 inches) fell in Da Nang. The storm caused 6 deaths and 705 billion đồng (US$30.4 million) in damage.

The remnants of Noul left the western Pacific after the landfall and reached the waters of the northern Indian Ocean. The remnants created several areas of convection and caused heavy rains, landslides, floods, causing some damages in Bangladesh, northeast of India and Myanmar. No death was reported.

Tropical Storm Beta

Main article: Tropical Storm Beta (2020)

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 17 – September 22
Peak intensity	65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 993 mbar (hPa)

An area of disturbed weather, composed of a tropical wave, an upper-level low-pressure area, and a frontal trough, stretched from the western Caribbean to offshore the Southeastern United States on September 5 and September 6. Drifting westward, the disturbance reached the northeastern Gulf of Mexico and consolidated by September 12. However, development of the system was not expected at the time due to strong upper-level winds produced by Hurricane Sally, which made landfall in Alabama on September 16 and then moved across the Southeastern United States. By 12:00 UTC the next day, disturbance organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-Two about 350 mi (565 km) south-southeast of Brownsville, Texas. The depression headed slowly northeastward and intensified, becoming Tropical Storm Beta late on September 18. Although dry air generated by a surface trough and an upper-level trough prevented Beta from rapidly intensifying, the cyclone was able to reach a peak wind speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) around 12:00 UTC on September 20 and a minimum pressure of 993 mbar (29.3 inHg) around 00:00 UTC on the next day. Beta became nearly stationary after turning westward on September 20, causing upwelling and weakening the storm. Beta made landfall at 02:45 UTC on September 22, over the southern end of Matagorda Peninsula, near Port O'Connor, Texas, with winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). By 18:00 UTC, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and turned east-northeastward. Beta soon became an extratropical low inland near the Texas coast. The extratropical low moved through the Deep South until dissipating over northeastern Alabama early on September 25.

Beta caused widespread moderate to major flooding in portions of the Greater Houston metropolitan area. Rainfall amounts generally ranged from 10 to 14 in (250 to 360 mm), with a peak total of 15.77 in (401 mm) in Brookside Village. Houston officials reported that over 100,000 gallons of domestic wastewater spilled at five locations in the city as a result. Rising floodwaters necessitated more than 100 high-water rescues and the closures of several highways and interstates in the area. At least 20-25 homes in the Houston metropolitan area suffered flood damage. Officials also reported that one man drowned in Brays Bayou. The extratropical remnants of Beta brought heavy rainfall to other states, especially Louisiana and Mississippi. Throughout the United States, Beta caused approximately $225 million in damage.

Tropical Storm Wilfred

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 17 – September 21
Peak intensity	40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave and its associated broad low-pressure area emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 13. A well-defined center of circulation formed on September 17 as the result of a strong burst of deep convection formed near the center of the low. Stronger and more organized convection appeared later that day, while a scatterometer pass revealed that the circulation had become better defined, and the presence of tropical-storm-force winds. As a result, Tropical Storm Wilfred developed around 18:00 UTC on September 17 while situated about 345 mi (555 km) southwest of the southernmost islands of Cabo Verde. Six hours later, the storm attained its peak intensity with sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1,006 mbar (29.7 inHg). Very dry air from the Saharan Air Layer prevented further intensification, while westerly to northwesterly wind shear increased to about 23 mph (37 km/h) by September 19. Deep convection began to diminish on the following day, causing Wilfred to weaken to a tropical depression around 12:00 UTC. Early on September 21, Wilfred degenerated into an open trough approximately 920 mi (1,480 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.

Severe Tropical Storm Dolphin (Marce)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 19 – September 24
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 975 hPa (mbar)

On September 20 at 06:00 UTC, as a tropical disturbance strengthened in the extreme northeast corner of the Philippine Area of Responsibility, PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical depression, giving it the local name Marce. At the time, the JTWC only recognized the system as an area of convection and only issued a medium level of warning for the system. The JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC. On September 21 at 03:00 UTC, the system left the Philippine Area of Responsibility. The system then intensified into a tropical storm south of Japan, and was given the international name Dolphin by the JMA. After the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system on September 24 at 03:00 UTC.

Tropical Storm Lowell

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 20 – September 25
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa)

A trough developed south of the Atlantic's Tropical Storm Beta on September 28, stretching from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico into the East Pacific. A disturbance formed on the southern end of this trough, eventually organizing into a tropical depression at 18:00 UTC on September 20. It was located about 575 mi (925 km) south-southeast of Baja California Sur then. Hostile wind shear initially prevented the depression from intensifying, but it lessened somewhat on September 21, allowing the system to become Tropical Storm Lowell around 18:00 UTC that day. Lowell attained peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) on September 23, but it began to weaken later that day while encountering stronger wind shear and cooler ocean waters. Deep convection was gradually stripped from the cyclone's center, and Lowell degenerated to a remnant low at 18:00 UTC on September 25. The low moved west and opened up into a trough on September 28 well east of the Big Island.

Severe Tropical Storm Kujira

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	September 25 – September 30
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar)

On September 25, The JTWC first noted the possibility of tropical cyclone formation from an area of convection northeast of the Northern Mariana Islands. Over the next few days, the system organized and on September 27, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, with the JMA assigning the name Kujira. The storm drifted north-northwestwards before recurving to the northeast while intensifying into a Category 1-equivalent typhoon early on September 29. Kujira weakened to a tropical storm 12 hours after it intensified into a typhoon due to very high wind shear and cool waters. At 21:00 UTC, the JTWC issued the last advisory for the system.

Hurricane Marie

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 29 – October 6
Peak intensity	140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 945 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave interacted with the monsoon trough south of Mexico and an overarching CCKW, resulting in a broad disturbance on September 24. The system moved west-northwest, coalescing into a tropical depression around 06:00 UTC on September 29 while located about 415 mi (670 km) southwest of Manzanillo. Twelve hours later, it became Tropical Storm Marie. The nascent storm moved through an environment of warm ocean waters, abundant moisture, and decreasing northeasterly wind shear which facilitated its rapid organization. Marie became a hurricane at 00:00 UTC on October 1; within 30 hours, it reached its peak as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). Marie displayed a well-defined eye surrounded by cloud tops as cool as −105 °F (−75 °C) around this time. Inner core processes modulated Marie's strength for a time, but it eventually crossed into cooler waters, drier air, and higher southwesterly wind shear. These factors caused it to degenerate to a remnant low by 18:00 UTC on October 6. A brief burst of convection nudged the low northward on October 7, but the cyclone curved west-southwest and opened up into a trough three days later, just after crossing into the Central Pacific.

Hurricane Delta

Main article: Hurricane Delta

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	October 4 – October 10
Peak intensity	140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min); 953 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa on September 26. There was little convection associated with the wave until September 30, when shower and thunderstorm activity increased. Convection then fluctuated as it moved across the Caribbean Sea due to moderate wind shear and dry air. However, a well-defined center of circulation formed with sufficiently organized deep convection around 18:00 UTC on October 4, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Six. Thunderstorm activity continued to increase after formation, but was initially confined to the southern portion of the circulation due to northerly wind shear. Once the shear lessened on October 5, convection became more symmetric around the center, and the system strengthened to become Tropical Storm Delta by 12:00 UTC that day about 150 mi (240 km) south-southwest of Montego Bay, Jamaica. Delta soon began to rapidly intensify, attaining hurricane strength 12 hours later. As it moved west-northwestward over the western Caribbean Sea, Delta became a Category 3 major hurricane by 12:00 UTC October 6. The cyclone then peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum winds of 140 mph (230 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 953 mbar (28.1 inHg) six hours later. This period of rapid intensification resulted in a 105 mph (170 km/h) increase in winds over a 36-hour period. This breakneck rate of strengthening was due to a combination of extremely warm ocean water temperatures, low wind shear, and sufficiently moist air aloft.

The hurricane weakened early on October 7 due to a slight increase in mid-level wind shear, which inhibited upper-level outflow from the storm and disrupted its small core. Around 10:30 UTC that day, Delta made landfall near Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, as a Category 2 hurricane with sustained winds of 105 mph (170 km/h). Delta spent several hours over the Yucatán Peninsula before emerging into the Gulf of Mexico north of Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatán, as a Category 1 hurricane around 18:00 UTC. Moving northwestward and situated in generally favorable atmospheric and oceanic conditions, Delta again intensified, strengthening back to a major hurricane within 24 hours. It then reached its secondary peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on October 9, with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 953 mbar (28.1 inHg). During the day, however, an increase in southwesterly shear and a decrease in the oceanic heat content over the northern Gulf of Mexico caused Delta to weaken to Category 2 strength as it moved toward the southwestern Louisiana coast. Delta made landfall near Creole, Louisiana, with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) at 23:00 UTC. Its landfall location was only about 10 mi (15 km) east of where Hurricane Laura's eye crossed the coast on August 27. Inland, Delta weakened to tropical storm strength at 06:00 UTC on October 10 near Alexandria, Louisiana. The storm continued to weaken that day as it turned northeastward, becoming extratropical over Mississippi by 18:00 UTC and subsequently degenerating into a trough of low pressure over Tennessee on October 12.

As Delta was nearing landfall in Quintana Roo, Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced on October 6 the activation of the DN-III emergency plan and the mobilization of 5,000 soldiers of the Mexican Armed Forces to help with the evacuation of sheltering people in the region. There were numerous reports of uprooted trees and damage to the region's electrical grids, with approximately one-third of the region's population losing power. The storm caused significant flooding in Cozumel and Playa del Carmen. Overall, damage in Mexico totaled approximately $185 million. As Delta moved into the northern Gulf of Mexico, widespread watches and warnings were issued along the U.S. Gulf Coast. States of emergency were declared in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama and numerous coastal, low-lying, and flood prone areas were evacuated. The hurricane and its remnants produced heavy rain, strong winds, storm surge, and tornadoes across much of the Southeastern United States. In Louisiana, strong winds generated by Delta caused additional damage to structures that were impacted by Laura, while debris remaining from Hurricane Laura were scattered across roadways and drains. However, much of the damage in the state was caused by flooding, with 17.57 in (446 mm) of rainfall at LeBleu Settlement. Floodwaters entered several homes in Baton Rouge and Calcasieu. In Mississippi, roughly 100,000 businesses and homes lost electricity after rainfall and tropical storm-force wind gusts uprooted trees. Damage from Delta in the United States reached $2.9 billion. Altogether, there were six storm-related fatalities, two each in the Yucatán, Louisiana, and Florida.

Tropical Storm Greg

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 14 – August 18
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1000 mbar (hPa)

On August 11, a broad area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave formed well to the east-southeast of the Hawaiian Islands. A few days later, shower and thunderstorm activity within the disturbance became better organized, and it developed a well-defined circulation. Consequently, Tropical Depression Eight‑E formed at 03:00 UTC on August 14. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Greg six hours later. At the time, the storm was moving westward at 13 mph (20 km/h), and was about to enter the Central Pacific basin. The storm strengthened some on August 15, as an inner core developed and deep convection increased near its center, a result of diminished wind shear and continued warm water temperatures. The wind shear, though relatively light, proved disruptive nonetheless, displacing Greg's convection to the north of the center and causing it to pulsate. This ultimately led to the system becoming increasingly disorganized late the following day. Later, while south of the Island of Hawaiʻi on August 17, it weakened to a tropical depression.

Hurricane Hilary

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 16 – August 21
Peak intensity	145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min); 939 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Hilary (2023)

On August 12, a tropical wave traversing Central America entered the far eastern Pacific, producing rain showers and thunderstorms. A broad area of low pressure developed within the wave on August 14, off the southern coasts of Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador. The disturbance gradually became better organized during the following day, and when a well-defined circulation along with developing convective banding features were observed on the morning of August 16, it was classified as Tropical Storm Hilary by the NHC. Hilary strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane at 12:00 UTC on August 17, while located about 320 mi (515 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. It then proceeded to rapidly intensify, reaching Category 4 strength at 06:00 UTC on August 18. By 15:00 UTC that day, Hilary's intensity leveled off with sustained winds at 145 mph (230 km/h), an increase of 80 mph (130 km/h) over a 24‑hour period. As the steering influences of a trough of low pressure to its north near the California coast and a ridge of high pressure over the central United States began drawing Hilary north-northwestward on the morning of August 19, asymmetrical convective patterns developed as the deep convection on the west side of the system was being eroded by an intrusion of dry and stable air. This caused the hurricane to weaken to Category 3 strength, with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h). By the end of that day, the hurricane had fallen to Category 1 intensity as a result of the adverse effects of cooler waters, drier air, and increasing shear. Then, after weakening to a tropical storm, Hilary made landfall in San Quintín, Baja California, at around 18:00 UTC on August 20, with winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) about 215 mi (345 km) south-southeast of San Diego, California. The tropical storm continued to move north-northwestward after making landfall, and crossed into California about six hours later, south-southwest of Palm Springs.

Tropical Storm Gert

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 19 – September 4
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa)

On August 13, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a tropical wave coming off the coast of Africa, initially giving it a low chance of development through the next seven days. The system struggled to organize amid conditions only marginally favorable, as it moved west-northwest over the open ocean. Eventually, it became sufficiently organized for the NHC to designate it Tropical Depression Six late on August 19. Then, despite high vertical wind shear and otherwise unfavorable conditions, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Gert at 04:00 UTC on August 22. Soon however, increased wind shear from the outflow of nearby Tropical Storm Franklin caused Gert to weaken to a tropical depression that same afternoon. It subsequently lost its deep convection the following day, becoming a remnant low. The low eventually opened up into a trough, but the remnants remained identifiable over the next week as the system trekked slowly northward into the central Atlantic. Early on August 30, NHC began monitoring the remnants of Gert for potential redevelopment. On September 1, the remnant low became well-defined, and the system regenerated into Tropical Depression Gert. Gert continued its rebound, becoming a tropical storm once again later that day. Moving north-northeastward, its winds reached 60 mph (95 km/h) late on September 2, an intensification achieved in spite of strong northeasterly wind shear. This intensity was maintained into the following day. Gert then began deteriorating while being drawn quickly northward and into the rotation around the remnant low formerly Idalia, and dissipated early on September 4, over the north Atlantic.

Tropical Storm Emily

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 20 – August 21
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa)

On August 15, a tropical wave being monitored by the NHC emerged off the coast of Africa into the eastern Atlantic. Over the next few days, the system gradually organized under generally favourable conditions. On August 20, satellite wind data indicated that it was producing gale-force winds in its northern side, and the center became well-defined, so the NHC designated the system as Tropical Storm Emily later that day. Shortly after its formation, Emily was already beginning to be affected by high wind shear and a dry environment, leaving its center exposed. Eventually, Emily became devoid of deep convection and transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on August 21.

Hurricane Franklin

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 20 – September 1
Peak intensity	150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min); 926 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Franklin (2023)

On August 17, the NHC noted the possibility of the formation of a disturbance on the back end of a trough of low pressure as it headed westward towards the Leeward Islands. An area of low pressure formed on August 19 east of the Leeward Islands, and on August 20, the NHC designated the system as Tropical Storm Franklin. Over the next couple of days, Franklin drifted through weak steering currents, while battling moderate wind shear. This gave the cyclone a disheveled appearance with most of convection to the east of its center and the NHC noted multiple times that Franklin may have not had a well-defined center of circulation on August 22. Early on August 23, the storm began moving northwestward before turning northward, becoming somewhat better organized, allowing it to intensify. Franklin then made landfall with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) south of Barahona, Dominican Republic, shortly before 12:00 UTC on August 23. Weakening occurred after Franklin made landfall, and it emerged into the Atlantic Ocean at 21:00 UTC as a minimal tropical storm. After struggling with strong westerly shear and land interaction for several days, Franklin entered a more favorable environment for development on August 25 and promptly intensified into a Category 1 hurricane the next morning. A further decrease in wind shear along with less dry air allowed Franklin to begin to rapidly intensify, becoming the season's first major hurricane at 09:00 UTC on August 28. Franklin then began to intensify even more rapidly, quickly becoming a Category 4 hurricane a few hours later, and then reaching its peak maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h). After that, Franklin underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, causing it to begin to slowly weaken. That trend continued after the cycle was completed as wind shear from the outflow from Hurricane Idalia increased over Franklin and by 09:00 UTC on August 30, it had weakened to Category 2 strength. Then, on September 1, Franklin transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about 790 mi (1,270 km) northeast of Bermuda, with Category 1-equivalent winds of 85 mph (140 km/h).

Franklin brought heavy rainfall and wind, causing damage to buildings, homes, and light posts. Two fatalities were reported in the Dominican Republic, with an additional person also missing. At least 350 people were displaced, and more than 500 homes and 2,500 roads were affected or damaged. Several communities in the Dominican Republic were cut off, and nearly 350,000 homes were left without power, and an additional 1.6 million homes were cut off from potable water.

Tropical Storm Harold

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 21 – August 23
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 996 mbar (hPa)

On August 15, the NHC noted the possibility of the formation of a low-pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico. The disturbance that was expected to enter the region was first identified as an area of disturbed weather north of Hispaniola late on August 17. The disturbance reached the Gulf of Mexico and began to become better organized. At 15:00 UTC on August 21, the NHC initiated advisories on the disturbance in order to issue tropical storm warnings along the South Texas coastline. Further organization ensued, and the system developed into Tropical Depression Nine six hours later. Moving quickly westward, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Harold at 06:00 UTC on August 22. Harold strengthened some more before making landfall on Padre Island, Texas at 15:00 UTC that day with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h).

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
Duration	August 17 – August 21
Peak intensity	<30 km/h (15 mph) (10-min); 1006 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Damrey

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 21 – August 29
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

On August 21, the JMA started tracking a tropical depression in the open Western Pacific. The JTWC then followed suit on August 23 by upgrading the system into a tropical depression, and designating it as 08W. The JMA later upgraded the system into a tropical storm on August 24, receiving the name Damrey, with the JTWC following suit on August 25.

Typhoon Saola (Goring)

Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 22 – September 3
Peak intensity	195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min); 920 hPa (mbar)

By August 20, an area of convection east of Taiwan began moving southwestwards with little organization over its center. The PAGASA marked the system as a low pressure area on August 22, and the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical depression. The PAGASA initially expected the system to not develop into a tropical cyclone, but later upgraded it into a tropical depression the next day, and was given the local name of Goring, it was also given a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert by the JTWC, designated as 09W. Goring then moved generally north-northwestwards across the Philippine Sea. On August 24, Goring was upgraded to a tropical storm by the JTWC, with the JMA following suit a few hours later at 06:00 UTC, receiving the name Saola. PAGASA also followed suit in upgrading the system into a tropical storm in their 17:00 PHT (09:00 UTC) update. Saola continued to intensify and began to move southwestwards over the Philippine Sea east of the Batanes Islands. PAGASA then started to issue Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals across the eastern parts of Northern Luzon on Friday morning. A few hours later, the JTWC upgraded Saola into a typhoon, with the JMA upgrading the system to a severe tropical storm shortly thereafter. Saola was then later upgraded into a typhoon moments later by the JMA, with JTWC upgrading it to a Category 2, beginning a process of rapid intensification. PAGASA followed suit by the evening and upgraded Saola into a typhoon as well. Saola was then upgraded to a Category 4 typhoon by the morning of August 27.

In the early morning hours of Sunday, PAGASA then upgraded Goring (Saola) into a super typhoon after its winds passed 185 km/h (115 mph), becoming the third storm to enter in their 'super typhoon' category this year. Saola then executed a south-southeastward turn over the Philippine Sea. Saola then weakened back into a typhoon per PAGASA, with Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #2 and #3 being lifted as it moved away from Central Luzon. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center also downgraded Saola back into a Category 2 typhoon. Saola then weakened due to an eyewall replacement cycle, and PAGASA dropped some tropical cyclone wind signals in Eastern Luzon. It then turned northwest, and PAGASA reissued Signal 4 for parts of the Babuyan Islands and then explosively intensified into a Category 4 super typhoon, per the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.PAGASA then followed suit and upgraded Saola (Goring) into a super typhoon once more as it was passing between the Bashi Channel, and issued Signal #5 in the northeastern portion of the Babuyan Islands, the second time this year since Typhoon Doksuri a month earlier. Later that day, Saola crossed the northwestern boundaries of the Philippine Area of Responsibility, and PAGASA issued their final tropical cyclone advisories on it, with storm signals being dropped moments later. Saola remained a powerful super typhoon as it crossed into the South China Sea southwest of Taiwan, featuring a clear and warm eye as it did so. On the afternoon of August 31st (UTC), the JTWC noted that Saola was struggling to complete an eyewall replacement cycle, resulting in some slight weakening.

However, Saola held onto Super Typhoon Status on the JTWC scale. Meanwhile Saola fell below the threshold for Violent Typhoon on the JMA scale that same afternoon. Around the same time, the Hong Kong Observatory had announced that tropical cyclone warning signal number 8 (Tropical Storm) would be issued at 2:40 a.m local time on Friday, with the potential of this being raised to warning signal number 10 (Hurricane) as Super Typhoon Saola drew closer. It was warned that at some locations storm surges due to Super Typhoon Saola could reach historic levels, rivaling those of Typhoon Wanda in 1962 and Typhoon Hato in 2017. This has since been upgraded at 6:20pm to an increasing gale or storm signal number 9, and later to the Hurricane Signal number 10 at 8:15pm, becoming the first time in 5 years that the highest warning signal was raised since Typhoon Mangkhut (Ompong) back in 2018. Saola continued approaching near Southern China including Hong Kong. Saola then passed south of Hong Kong and Macau as a strong Category 4, battering the area with strong winds and heavy rain. Saola then weakened into a Category 3 as it made landfall in Guangdong, China on early Saturday. After it's landfall, Saola weakened into a strong Category 2 typhoon. The Japan Meteorological Agency then downgraded Saola into a severe tropical storm a few hours after landfall. The JTWC later followed suit & downgraded Saola into a tropical storm by their next update as it moved further inland Guangdong. As convection waned over it's center, the agencies downgraded the once powerful Saola into a tropical depression by September 2. Saola had dissipated on September 3, with its remnants causing rainfall and stormy conditions across Southern China.

PAGASA raised Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #3 in the eastern portions of Isabela as Saola made its closest approach to mainland Luzon which was then removed as Saola made a counter-clockwise loop across the Philippine Sea, but the agency issued its highest warning signal for the Babuyan Islands for the second time this year after Super Typhoon Doksuri. At least one person has been killed due to Saola. Saola was initially expected to strike into Taiwan, but instead went into the Bashi Channel between the Babuyan Islands and Batanes.

Hurricane Idalia

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	August 26 – August 31
Peak intensity	130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 940 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Idalia

On August 24, a trough of low pressure formed in the Eastern Pacific basin offshore of the Central America coast. The disturbance crossed over into the Atlantic basin and began to organize as it moved northward through the western Caribbean Sea. The pace of organization quickened on August 26, while the disturbance was located near the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula, and that afternoon was upgraded to Tropical Depression Ten. Later that day, and into the next, the depression drifted due to weak surrounding steering currents, with its center moving in a small counter-clockwise loop. The depression became Tropical Storm Idalia at 15:15 UTC on August 27, after a NOAA Hurricane Hunters flight reported that the storm's winds had increased to 40 mph (65 km/h). Early the next morning, Idalia began moving northward toward the Yucatán Channel west of Cuba, intensifying along the way. By early morning on August 29, after passing near the western tip of Cuba, the storm had developed sufficiently to be classified a Category 1 hurricane. Then, benefiting from exceptional environmental conditions, Idalia continued to intensify, reaching Category 2 strength later that day. It then proceeded to rapidly intensify to Category 4 strength into the morning August 30, a few hours prior to landfall, reaching peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 940 mbar (27.76 inHg). Idalia's strengthening was then halted by an eyewall replacement cycle, which caused it to weaken slightly before it made landfall at 11:45 UTC, about 20 miles (30 km) south of Perry, Florida, with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h). Idalia quickly weakened as it moved inland into southeast Georgia, and it was downgraded to a tropical storm at 21:00 UTC that same day. Strong southwesterly wind shear then pushed the storm's convection well north and east of its center as it moved off the northeastern South Carolina coast and emerged into the Atlantic Ocean early on August 31. That afternoon, while southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Idalia transitioned to a post-tropical cyclone.

On August 26, 33 Florida counties were placed under a state of emergency (SOE) by Governor Ron DeSantis. Two days later, the governor declared 13 more counties, including some in Northeast Florida, under a SOE. On August 28, hurricane warnings and storm surge warnings were issued for portions of the state's west coast.

Tropical Storm Irwin

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 27 – August 29
Peak intensity	40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa)

On August 23, a trough of low pressure formed far to the south of the Baja California peninsula. Early on August 27, the disturbance organized, becoming Tropical Depression Ten-E. Amid marginally favorable conditions, the system was able to strengthen, becoming Tropical Storm Irwin twelve hours later. Irwin remained a poorly organized storm, struggling to generate sustained convection in account of increasingly cooler water temperatures and low relative humidity. Consequently, it degenerated to a post-tropical cyclone on August 29.

Typhoon Haikui (Hanna)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Duration	August 27 – September 6
Peak intensity	155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar)

Main article: Typhoon Haikui (2023)

See also: 2023 Hong Kong rainstorm and floods

Whilst Typhoon Saola was exhibiting a counter-clockwise loop east of the Philippines, a new broad low pressure area developed into a tropical depression on August 27, near the Northern Mariana Islands, while slowly drifting westward. On August 28, the JMA subsequently upgraded into a tropical storm, naming it as Haikui. The JTWC began initiating advisories thereafter and was designated 10W. Haikui then later strengthen into severe tropical storm before entering PAR, where it locally named Hanna. Haikui continues to move westwards across the Philippine Sea, before finally reaching typhoon status on September 1. Haikui began undergoing rapid intensification by September 3 at least 18 hours before landfall, becoming a strong Category 3 typhoon. It then struck over Taitung County, Taiwan. Due to its land interaction, it weaken back into a minimal Category 1 typhoon before moving erratically over the next few hours, heading eastwards and making a second landfall in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The JMA then downgraded Haikui back into a severe tropical storm as its circulation became degraded after the landfall. On September 5, Haikui made it's final landfall along the coast of Dongshan County, Fujian before it dissipated on September 6.

On September 7, the remnants of Typhoon Haikui brought record breaking rainfall to Hong Kong. Hong Kong Observatory recorded 158 millimeters of rain between 11pm and midnight local time, the highest hourly rainfall rate since records began in 1884. Some parts of the city even accumulated over 900 mm of rainfall within just 24 hours. Four people were killed in Hong Kong as a result of the flash floods. Other parts of the Pearl River Delta, including Shenzhen and Macau, were also severely impacted.

Severe Tropical Storm Kirogi

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 29 – September 4
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar)

A low pressure area located far east of Guam developed on August 29. Slowly intensifying while moving generally northwest, the system developed into a tropical storm, as announced by JTWC, on August 30. JMA followed suit shortly thereafter, giving it the name Kirogi. The storm slightly strengthened to a severe tropical storm before weakening and dissipating near Japan on September 4.

Tropical Storm Jose

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	August 29 – September 2
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 996 mbar (hPa)

On August 19, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave producing a large area of deep convection as it moved off the west coast of Africa. After moving west-northwestward through the Cabo Verde Islands with little to no signs of organization, an area of low-pressure formed within the wave late on August 23. Three days later, however, the low opened up into a trough over the central Atlantic. A new low-pressure area formed within the disturbance on August 29, producing convection and showing signs of becoming better organized. Later that day it developed into Tropical Depression Eleven. The depression meandered within weak steering currents in the central Atlantic over the next two days and began to become less organized late on August 30 due to westerly shear. However, the shear briefly relaxed, and the storm's convective bursting pattern abruptly evolved into curved banding early on August 31, signifying that the depression had strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose. Further development was slow to come as Jose's banding features remained limited, and the convection at its center was shallow. However, into the early morning of September 1, the storm structure unexpectedly improved markedly, convection near the center deepened, and a small mid-level eye-like feature appeared. This allowed Jose to abruptly strengthen and it reached its peak intensity at 09:00 UTC with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg), Jose's intensification was short lived however, and the storm soon began to weaken due to northerly shear from Hurricane Franklin's outflow.

Tropical Storm Katia

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 1 – September 4
Peak intensity	60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa)

On August 28, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa. A broad area of low pressure formed two days later near the Cabo Verde Islands. On August 31, the disturbance began exhibiting signs that it was becoming better organized, and the low became better defined by the next morning. As a result, it was designated Tropical Depression Twelve by the NHC at 15:00 UTC on September 1. The following morning, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Katia. On September 2, Katia's internal structure became better defined and its sustained winds reached 60 mph (95 km/h) that evening. Overnight, however, Katia weakened, its surface center became displaced far to the south of a remnant area of convection. By 03:00 UTC on September 4, far northwest of the Cabo Verde Islands, the storm had weakened to a tropical depression. Then, late that day, it degenerated into a remnant low.

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
Duration	September 4 – September 5
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1004 hPa (mbar)

For the latest official information, see:

• JMA's Tropical Cyclone Information on Tropical Depression a

Hurricane Jova

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 4 – September 10
Peak intensity	160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min); 929 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Jova (2023)

On September 1, a tropical wave emerged over the far eastern Pacific south of the coasts of El Salvador and Guatemala. A broad area of low pressure formed within it two days later south of the southwestern coast of Mexico. The low became more organized on September 4, a well-defined circulation developed, and a distinct band of deep convection formed around its western half. The NHC classified the system as Tropical Depression Eleven‑E at 21:00 UTC that afternoon. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Jova early on September 5, far to the south-southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur. There, Jova underwent a burst of rapid intensification in which it went from a 70 mph (110 km/h) tropical storm to a 160 mph (260 km/h) Category 5 hurricane in a 24‑hour period ending at 03:00 UTC on September 7, an increase of 90 mph (150 km/h). Later that day, Jova started an eyewall replacement cycle, starting a weakening trend. The weakening trend continued into September 8, as Jova moved into waters below 79 °F (26 °C), and by that afternoon its winds had decreased to Category 1 hurricane strength. Jova weakened to a tropical storm early on September 9, as persistent dry air intrusion resulted in diminished deep convection and deterioration of the convective banding around the system. Subsequently, all deep convection within the storm ceased and its overall cloud pattern became increasingly unorganized during the morning of September 10. Consequently, Jova degenerated into a post-tropical remnant low with 35 mph (55 km/h) winds later that day. It then meandered westward before opening up into a trough on September 12.

Hurricane Lee

Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 5 – September 16
Peak intensity	165 mph (270 km/h) (1-min); 926 mbar (hPa)

Main article: Hurricane Lee (2023)

On September 2, a tropical wave emerged into the tropical Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. An area of low pressure formed from the wave two days later to the west-southwest of Cabo Verde. On September 5, the low became more organized, with multiple low-level bands developing and formation of a well-defined center. Consequently, advisories were initiated on Tropical Depression Thirteen at 15:00 UTC that day. Amid favorable conditions for intensification, the depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Lee six hours later. Lee continued to intensify as it became better organized, with convective banding increasing and an eye beginning to form the following afternoon. By 21:00 UTC on September 6, the system strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane while located far to the east of the northern Leeward Islands. Then, during the 24‑hour period ending at 06:00 UTC on September 8, Lee experienced explosive intensification, and reached Category 5 strength, with its winds increasing by 85 mph (135 km/h) to 165 mph (265 km/h).

Several hours later however, an increase of southwesterly wind shear, caused Lee's eye to become cloud filled and the storm became more asymmetric, causing it weaken back to a high-end Category 4 hurricane. The pace of weakening quickened as the day progressed, and by early on September 9, Lee had become a low-end Category 3 hurricane. Later that day, data from an evening hurricane hunters mission into the storm revealed that Lee was undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle and still being adversely affected by modest vertical wind shear; observed peak flight level winds were down from an earlier mission. As a result of these findings, the hurricane was downgraded to Category 2 at 03:00 UTC on September 10. Afterwards, as the eyewall replacement cycle was concluding, the wind shear abated, which permitted the new, larger-diameter eye to contract and to grow more symmetric; as a result, Lee intensified to Category 3 strength once again that same day. The system underwent two more eyewall replacement cycles over the course of the next day and a half, and while they caused some fluctuations in its size and intensity, Lee remained a major hurricane throughout.

After tracking west-northwestward to northwestward for much of its trans‑Atlantic journey, Lee turned northward on September 13, moving around the western side of the steering subtropical ridge. That same day, it also weakened to Category 2 strength. Then, on the morning of September 14, Lee became a Category 1 hurricane while approaching Bermuda, which it passed to the west by 185 mi (300 km) later in the day. As it pushed northward, continued drier air entrainment and increasingly strong southerly wind shear displaced Lee's convection to the northern side of the system, weakening it further. These factors caused the hurricane to commence its extratropical transition, which was completed by 09:00 UTC on September 16. Later that day, the center of the cyclone made landfall on Long Island, in Nova Scotia. Through the overnight hours into September 17, Lee traversed New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland before moving into the Northern Atlantic.

Swells generated by Lee caused dangerous surf and rip currents along the entire Atlantic coast of the United States. Strong winds with hurricane‑force gusts caused extensive power outages in the U.S. state of Maine, and in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Three storm-related fatalities have been confirmed: a 15-year-old boy drowned in Fernandina Beach, Florida; a 50-year-old man died in Searsport, Maine, when a tree fell onto the car he was in; and a 21-year-old man who was killed in Manasquan Inlet, New Jersey when the boat he was in capsized and sunk due to a tall wave.

Tropical Storm Yun-yeung (Ineng)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 4 – September 9
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar)

From the bands of Typhoon Haikui, an area of low pressure formed in the Philippine Sea in early September. The low-pressure area intensified into a tropical depression on September 4 and was later named Ineng by the PAGASA. A day later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded Ineng into a tropical storm and was given the name Yun-yeung, which replaced Kai-tak. Shortly after being named, on September 6, Yun-yeung left the PAR at around 06:00 PHT (22:00 UTC). Yun-yeung continued to move northward slowly as it approaches central and eastern Japan. The JMA last noted Yun-yeung on 18:00 UTC of September 8.

Yun-yeung brought heavy rain across wide areas of Japan, prompting warnings over the risk of flooding and mudslides. Some train lines were impacted in the Kanto region on Friday. JR East suspended some lines and limited express trains on Friday, and multiple lines are experiencing delays.

Hurricane Margot

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 7 – September 17
Peak intensity	90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min); 970 mbar (hPa)

A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa into the eastern tropical Atlantic on September 5. A broad area of low-pressure with a large area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms quickly formed within it shortly afterwards. Shower and thunderstorm activity within the disturbance become better organized around an increasingly well-defined low-level center on September 7, and Tropical Depression Fourteen formed about 160 mi (255 km) west of Cabo Verde. Later the same day, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Margot. Initially, northerly shear and dry mid-level air intruding from the southwest made it difficult for Margot to become better organized. These hindrances were offset by bursts of deep convection and a diffluent outflow pattern on September 9, allowing for some intensification to occur. Margot continued to intensify gradually over the next couple of days while moving toward the north through the central Atlantic, and a ragged, but partially open eye emerged from the central dense overcast on the morning of September 11. Later that day, Margot's eye became more defined and its overall structure improved, and the storm was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. It continued along a north to north-northwest track for a few days, exhibiting a double eyewall with a well-defined inner core, reaching maximum sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) on September 13. It then became caught in weak steering currents by a building mid-level ridge to its north and drifted east-southeastward as it began to make a clockwise loop. Margot's slow motion upwelled cooler waters and that coupled with large amounts of dry air caused it to weaken to a tropical storm on September 15. These adverse conditions continued to negatively affect Margot by displacing the storm's convection increasingly farther from the center. It became bereft of organized deep convection on September 18, and transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone.

Hurricane Nigel

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration	September 15 – September 22
Peak intensity	100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min); 971 mbar (hPa)

On September 8, a tropical wave moved off coast of West Africa into the Tropical Atlantic. The disturbance merged with a nearby area of low pressure on September 12, and began showing signs of organization the next day. A few days later, it became organized as Tropical Depression Fifteen at 06:00 UTC on September 15. Initially, the depression had a very broad structure and its deep convection fluctuated in intensity and organization for about a day without the low-level center becoming better defined. Late on September 16, the depression developed convective banding in its northern semicircle, and became Tropical Storm Nigel early the next morning. Nigel steadily gained strength, and became a Category 1 hurricane on the morning of September 18, as an eyewall began to develop. However, the strengthening trend was interrupted when dry air disrupted the storm's inner core.

Later, Nigel's eye become better defined and warmer once again, though convection on the north side was still being disrupted by intruding dry air. Nonetheless, the system's 50–60 mi-wide (85–95 km) eye was soon fully surrounded by a solid band of deep convection, enabling Nigel to become a Category 2 hurricane late that afternoon. It then turned northward, moving along the western edge of a mid-level ridge over the central subtropical Atlantic. By the end of the day however, deep convection became limited to the southern portion of the band due to a break in the eyewall. Unable to fill in the breach completely, Nigel weakened to Category 1 strength on September 20. The hurricane's motion later shifted to the north-northeast, then toward the northeast on September 21, and accelerated, within the flow on the southeastern side of a strong mid-latitude trough. At the same time, increasing southwesterly wind shear began causing an elongation of Nigel's cloud pattern, resulting in further weakening. Later, as the system raced northeastward at 37 mph (59 km/h), its environment became more hostile as the wind shear became very strong and sea surface temperatures fell to below 68 °F (20 °C). Consequently, Nigel's winds dropped to tropical storm strength and it transitioned to an extra-tropical cyclone on the morning of September 22, northwest of the Azores.

Tropical Depression Twelve-E

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	September 15 – September 18
Peak intensity	35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa)

On September 11, the NHC began monitoring a disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms associated with a tropical wave far southwest of the Baja California peninsula, that initially left the west coast of Africa two weeks earlier on August 26. On September 12, a broad area of low pressure formed, which began showing some signs of organization the following day. These trends continued, as the deep convection around the developing center of the disturbance became persistent and sufficiently organized on the morning of September 15, for the system to be classified as Tropical Depression Twelve‑E. The depression struggled to produce persistent deep convection during the hours after its formation due to moderate westerly wind shear. Its structure degraded the following morning, and persistent deep convection ceased, resulting in the system degenerating into a post tropical remnant low early on September 18. The storm's remnants continued to the southwest and dissipated later that day.

Tropical Storm Kenneth

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	September 19 – September 22
Peak intensity	50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1000 mbar (hPa)

On September 16, the NHC began monitoring a newly formed area of disturbed weather far south of the coast of southern Mexico. Showers and thunderstorms within the low pressure area became more persistent over the ensuing couple days, and better organized by the morning of September 19, resulting in the formation of Tropical Depression Thirteen‑E. Moving west that afternoon amid warm sea surface temperatures and favorable atmospheric conditions, the depression was able to strengthen somewhat, and became Tropical Storm Kenneth. Moderate easterly wind shear plagued the system as it continued westward. Despite this, Kenneth was able to become better organized and strengthen slightly, reach its peak intensity on September 20 with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). After maintaining its strength for another day, Kenneth began to weaken on September 21 in the face of increasing southwesterly vertical wind shear, causing the storm's convection to wane. Early on September 22, Kenneth weakened to a tropical depression and degenerated to a remnant low six hours later.

Invest 97A

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	December 28 – January 1
Peak intensity	35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min); 1008 hPa (mbar)

Invest 97A is located near the Arabian Sea. This system has a low change of developing into a tropical depression or tropical storm in the next 24 hours.

Wind speed is 35 km/h, with sea-level pressure at 1008 hPa.

Warnings/advisories have not yet been issued for this system.

Severe Tropical Storm Alvaro

Severe tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	December 29 – January 3
Peak intensity	110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

In December 2023, the MFR began to monitor the potential for tropical cyclogenesis as Kelvin waves and Rossby waves intersect in the western portion of the agency's area of responsibility, ahead of a wet phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation; a low was forecast to develop into a moderate tropical storm south of the Mozambique Channel in these conditions. By 29 December, a monsoon trough had produced convection southeast of Beira, Mozambique that spun, as convergence of winds increases within the system's closed surface circulation. On the next day, the MFR classified the system as a tropical disturbance, and in addition, the JTWC began monitoring the disturbance. Tracking southeast under the influence of a ridge, the disturbance was further upgraded to a tropical depression by the MFR on December 31. The warm core further consolidated, causing the system to intensify into a moderate tropical storm and receive the name Alvaro. Moreover, the JTWC designated the storm as Tropical Cyclone 04S.

During 1 January 2024, Alvaro's maintenance of a curved band and the emergence of an eye prompted the MFR to upgrade the system to a severe tropical storm, as Alvaro continued to strengthen under favorable conditions despite vertical wind shear in the mid-level troposphere. The storm grew a central dense overcast around its ragged, inchoate eye while 269 km (167 mi) east-northeast of Europa Island, continuing east-southeast. Around 12:00 UTC, both the MFR and JTWC stated that Alvaro had peaked with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph); the MFR also measured the system's lowest barometric pressure at 985 hPa (29.09 inHg). As the storm approached Madagascar, the cloud top pattern slowly degraded as it warmed up, with the eye gradually disappearing due to persistent wind shear. At 19:20 EAT (16:20 UTC) that day, Alvaro made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar, bringing sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) and gusts of 140 km/h (85 mph). Alvaro rapidly weakened due to the mountainous terrain of the island nation, with rainbands around the core no longer present. By 12:00 UTC of 2 January, Alvaro weakened into an overland depression and exhibited the circulation to satellite imagery, only retaining convection over the east quadrant. Alvaro re-entered the Indian Ocean on 3 January, re-intensifying back into a moderate tropical storm. Shortly after however, Alvaro would succumb to strong wind shear as mid-level dry air invaded the storm, despite substantial outflow boosted by a subtropical jet. By 18:00 UTC, the MFR classified Alvaro as a post-tropical depression after the storm had lost its tropical characteristics.

Anticipating Alvaro's landfall, the meteorological service of Madagascar (Meteo Madagascar) raised a yellow alert for the districts of Morondava, Manja, Morombe, and Toliara on 31 December, which would be upgraded to a red alert a day later as Alvaro made landfall. Mariners across Maintirano and Toliara were advised to stay out of sea. The mayor of Morombe reported property damage. Several parts of the city were flooded, though there were no casualties. Many residents evacuated from their homes, using schools and outlying villages as accommodation sites. Areas of southern Madagascar reported uprooted trees, torn roofs, and damaged infrastructure. As of 3 January, 4,543 people in Madagascar were affected by Alvaro, with over 400 displaced and relocated to six evacuation centers. The regions of Haute Matsiatra, Atsimo-Andrefana, and Menabe suffered the brunt of the storm. Eight houses were destroyed, and six schools were demolished with four others damaged.

Invest 98B

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	January 5 – January 12
Peak intensity	35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min); 1007 hPa (mbar)

Invest 98B is located in the North Indian Ocean. This system has a low chance of developing into a tropical depression or tropical storm in the next 24 hours.

Wind speed is 35 km/h, with sea-level pressure at 1008 hPa.

Warnings/advisories have not yet been issued for this system.

Invest 96S

Tropical disturbance (MFR)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Duration	January 7 – January 11
Peak intensity	35 km/h (25 mph) (10-min); 1007 hPa (mbar)

Invest 96S is located in the South Indian Ocean. This system has a low chance of developing into a tropical depression or tropical storm in the next 24 hours.

Wind speed is 35 km/h, with sea-level pressure at 1009 hPa.

Warnings/advisories have not yet been issued for this system.

Tropical Cyclone Belal

Tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	11 January – 18 January
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 969 hPa (mbar)

On 11 January, the MFR marked a zone of disturbed weather, citing the conducive conditions induced by the MJO and an equatorial Rossby wave. The monsoon trough north-northeast of Madagascar had intensified several days prior, as convergence transferred moisture aloft. Concentration of convection near the center increased, particularly in the western section, as the system moved south. By the next day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the potential disturbance, since it was in an environment of very warm sea surface temperatures, high ocean heat content, low vertical shear, and excellent outflow. At 12:00 UTC, the MFR categorized the system as a tropical depression. Additionally, microwave imagery indicated an eye in the lower-layer while the storm steered more westward, and the JTWC began issuing advisories on the system as a tropical cyclone. By 13 January, it intensified to a moderate tropical storm, prompting the MMS to name it Belal. Intense lightning activity within the center further signaled a period of rapid intensification, leading to Belal becoming a severe tropical storm. As the storm developed a well-defined eye, the MFR upgraded Belal to a tropical cyclone early on 14 January. However, while Belal recurved southeastward, wind shear began to deteriorate the storm's structure into becoming asymmetrical. The eyewall then struck the island of Réunion during the next day. The storm briefly weakened back into a severe tropical storm, before again becoming a tropical cyclone on 16 January after organization of the CDO. Weakening then continued from dry air intrusion, causing Belal to become a moderate tropical storm on the next day. By the end of 18 January, Belal had degenerated into a remnant low.

As the system developed, the MFR issued a yellow cyclone pre-alert for Réunion on 13 January, which was upgraded to an orange cyclone alert on 15:00 UTC the next day. On 13 January, the MMS raised a class I cyclone warning for Mauritius. On 14 January, the MFR upgraded the orange alert into a red alert for Réunion as Belal neared the island. The next day, the MFR hoisted a purple alert for Réunion as Belal neared the coast. The eyewall of Belal remained just offshore the northern coast of Réunion during the storm's closest passage. Four people died during the storm in Réunion. Around 150,000 electricity customers lost power, representing more than a third of the island's population. Around 37,000 people lost access to water. Two people died in Mauritius. After the storm's passage, Mauritius' head of meteorology stepped down after his institution was accused of "not giving adequate warning about the storm’s impact."

Intense Tropical Cyclone Anggrek

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	25 January (Entered basin) – 30 January
Peak intensity	185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 950 hPa (mbar)

On 25 January, Severe Tropical Cyclone Anggrek moved into the basin from the Australian region and was classified as a tropical cyclone. Anggrek strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane around 09:00 UTC on 26 January, after eye had emerged on satellite imagery, surrounded by a ring of −112 °F (−80 °C) cloud tops. Six hours later, the cyclone maintained a well-defined eye, and the MFR later upgraded the system to an intense tropical cyclone. The cyclone was highly compact, with a distinct eye. The cyclone weakened and bottomed out at 165 km/h (105 mph) on 28 January. Later the next day, the JTWC stated that Anggrek peaked with one-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph)—equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane. Around the same time, the convection decreasingly organized and wrapped around the LLCC. The system was moving quickly southeastwards, steered by a ridge to its east. Shortly afterward, Anggrek's cloud pattern slightly deteriorated; it then weakened due to strong wind shear. Soon after, Anggrek's eye gradually disappeared from infrared and visible satellite imagery. The MFR issued its last advisory on the storm as the convective structure weakened further at 18:00 UTC on 30 January. Later the next day, the JTWC discontinued warnings.

Tropical Low 03U

Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration	11 January – 23 January
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 991 hPa (mbar)

On 7 January, the BoM noted the possibility of a tropical low forming near the north Kimberley, as a monsoon trough was expected to develop along the Top End. It was predesignated as 03U. This came to fruition 4 days later, when the BoM reported that it was developing over the southern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf within the trough. As the tropical low tracked overland, the system maintained a robust outflow channel in the upper troposphere. The BoM continued to monitor the low as it moved slowly southeast, then turning west towards Western Australia by 20 January, until they determined that it would not develop into a tropical cyclone on 23 January.

The low and its associated monsoon brought heavy rainfall to the Northern Territory, resulting in the BoM issuing flood watches and warnings throughout the Top End and central Northern Territory. Wadeye received 661 mm (26.0 in) of rainfall.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Kirrily

Main article: Cyclone Kirrily

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	12 January – 3 February
Peak intensity	120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 978 hPa (mbar)

Alongside Cyclone Anggrek, the BoM also noted the possibility of a tropical low forming within the monsoon trough over the Gulf of Carpentaria on 9 January, designating it as 05U. Three days later, the BoM reported that it was developing over the eastern portion of the gulf. By 17 January, the JTWC began monitoring the low. Two days later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. By 21 January, the BoM started issuing warnings on the system. By 23 January, the JTWC followed suit, recognizing it as Tropical Cyclone 07P. The next day, the BoM upgraded the low into a Category 1 tropical cyclone, naming it Kirrily. Deep convection shifted to the western side of Kirrily's circulation, though its centre remained well defined. It subsequently intensified to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone, the JTWC followed suit the system and upgraded it to a Category 1 hurricane, prior to landfall over Townsville, Australia on 25 January. Shortly after the landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system. The next day, the BoM discontinued warnings. However, Kirrily remained traceable, as it moved westwards towards the Queensland region throughout the rest of January. Towards the end of January, the JTWC began monitoring the remnants of Kirrily for potential regeneration as the system developed a partially exposed low-level circulation center (LLCC). Early the next day, they issued a TCFA for the remnants. The disturbance later regenerated into a tropical cyclone; the system showed a consolidating LLCC with convective banding and a central dense overcast (CDO). Since the system only produced near-gale-force winds in the Gulf of Carpentaria, the BoM determined that the low was not expected to redevelop into a tropical cyclone. By 2 February, the JTWC discontinued their advisories again, as the storm accelerated inland with the rainbands unraveling and warming cloud tops. The BoM last monitored Kirrily early the next day.

Before the storm made landfall on 24 January, the BoM issued cyclone warnings for Townsville, Mackay, Bowen, the Whitsunday Islands, which extended inland to Charters Towers. As the storm impacted Queensland, locally intense rainfall up to 300 mm (12 in) was recorded. Authorities rescued fourteen people who were stranded in floodwaters while trying to inspect the impact of the storm. The remnant low of Kirrily fed severe thunderstorms in Southeast Queensland, prompting a superstorm warning from the BoM. Seymour saw 256 mm (10.1 in) of rain in a 24-hour period, whereas Kirby saw 244 mm (9.6 in).

Severe Tropical Storm Candice

Severe tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	22 January – 27 January
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

On 17 January, the MFR noted in its daily bulletin that a strong surge of monsoon flow northeast of the Mascarenes could produce a precursor vortex. By 22 January, the MFR began releasing warnings on a broad but ill-defined circulation. Convection was offsetted far from the center as the system turns from south to southwest under the influence of a low-level ridge. Upper-level divergence in conjunction with warm sea surface temperatures subdued the effects of vertical shear, enabling consolidation of the disturbance. On 23 January, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. The next day, the MFR reported that the system intensified into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on 24 January, before the MMS upgraded the system to a moderate tropical storm two hours later, naming it Candice. On 25 January, the JTWC followed suit in recognizing the system as Tropical Cyclone 08S. Candice eventually encountered more hostile environmental conditions, as wind shear began to increase dramatically. Convective activity associated with Candice became limited to the cyclone, the MFR estimated that the system had peaked as a severe tropical storm with 10-minute sustained winds of 95 km/h (60 mph). Environmental conditions and increasingly strong wind shear displaced the storm's convection, weakening it further. Candice degenerated into a post-tropical depression on 27 January as deep convective had ceased, and the final advisory was then issued by MFR. The same day, the JTWC issued its final warning on the system as it became a weakly defined system with an exposed low-level circulation center (LLCC).

Tropical Disturbance 04F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration	January 25 – January 26
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1002 hPa (mbar)

On January 25, the FMS stated that Tropical Disturbance 04F had formed. Two days later, they stopped monitoring the system since it had dissipated.

Tropical Depression 05

Tropical depression (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	30 January – 2 February
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1001 hPa (mbar)

On 25 January, the MFR began highlighting the potential for tropical cyclone development in their daily bulletins, noting an increase in shower activity northeast of St. Brandon. The monsoon trough began to produce persistent convection over the southwestern Indian Ocean. The disturbance continued organizing, and at 00:00 UTC on 30 January, MFR upgraded the system to a tropical disturbance. The same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as its circulation consolidated, and the next day, it recognized the system as Tropical Cyclone 09S. Convective activity within the disturbance become better organized, resulting in it strengthening to a tropical depression. However, deep convection eventually dissipated, and the system degenerated into a remnant low at 06:00 UTC on 1 February; however, it resumed an increase in convective activity and organization, prompting the MFR to classify the storm as a tropical depression again by the next day. Six hours later, they released their final advisory due to the system being affected by low to moderate wind shear, with its deep convection displaced from the eastern semicircle. The JTWC subsequently issued their final advisory on the system, as its circulation became fully exposed.

Tropical Depression 05F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	February 1 (Entered basin) – February 28 (Out of basin from February 5–7)
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 996 hPa (mbar)

On February 1, Subtropical Low 06U entered the basin from the Australian region and was reclassified as 05F by the FMS. Under a moderately sheared environment with warm sea surface temperatures. The disturbance's convective structure rapidly deteriorated in the low-level circulation center (LLLC). However, the system quickly re-developed LLLC, and three days later, the system moved eastwards onto the boundary of the region—the 160th meridian east—at approximately 12:00 UTC on February 5, before returning to the Southern Pacific basin proper on February 7, and the JTWC issued a TCFA on the low, noting that it was likely to intensify significantly. The next day, the agency upgraded the system to tropical storm, initiating advisories on it as Tropical Cyclone 12P. The storm continued to be negatively effected by northwesterly wind shear. Later, the storm began undergoing rapid expansion, with a central cold cover along with colder convective tops. However, as it moved over Epi island in Vanuatu, its weakly-defined and exposed LLLC embedded in deep convection. Shortly afterward, the JTWC issued their final warning, as it became elongated due to a dry air intrusion. Over the next few weeks, the FMS continued monitoring the system as a tropical disturbance, before it was last noted as it moved into the MetService's area of responsibility on February 28.

A series of troughs of low pressure associated with the system caused heavy rain and flash flooding to be reported in the Western Central and Northern divisions at various times. with Lahasa suffering the brunt of the storm.

Tropical Low 06U

Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration	30 January – 7 February (Exited basin) (Out of basin from 1–4 February)
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 997 hPa (mbar)

On January 30, the BoM reported that Subtropical Low 06U had developed off the southern coast of Queensland. Over the next couple of days, the system moved north-eastwards before it into the South Pacific basin during February 1, where it was classified as Tropical Disturbance 05F by the Fiji Meteorological Service. After meandering outside the basin for several days, the system re-entered the basin as a tropical low. Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for tropical cyclogenesis, with warm sea surface temperatures near 29–30 °C (84–86 °F) and low vertical wind shear. It again exited the basin on 7 February, as the storm was struggling due to moderate wind shear.

Tropical Cyclone Nat

Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	February 3 – February 10
Peak intensity	95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar)

On February 3, the JTWC started to monitor a subtropical disturbance that had persisted about 815 km (505 mi) to the south-southeast of Nadi, Fiji, within an area that was marginally conducive to further development. During that day, the system moved north-eastwards before it was classified as Tropical Disturbance 06F by the FMS, while it was located about 270 km (165 mi) to the southwest of Pago Pago in American Samoa. Two days later, they upgraded the system into a tropical depression. The next day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system. A few hours later, they recognized the system as Tropical Cyclone 10P. Later that day, the FMS upgraded the system into a tropical cyclone, naming it Nat. Despite partially exposing the LLLC and degrading its deep convection, the FMS upgraded the system into a Category 2 tropical cyclone on February 6. The intrusion of dry air lead to Nat to continue rapidly weakening. By February 8, the JTWC subsequently issued its final advisory on Nat, as it moved steadily east-southwards within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and moderate wind shear, the LLCC became exposed later. Under a mid-latitude upper low, it became strongly influenced by the low and started to exhibit subtropical characteristics, prompting the JTWC to classify the storm as a subtropical cyclone at 23:00 UTC on that day. The system then moved into TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility on February 10, where it was reclassified as a non-tropical low, although the JTWC later reported that the system had dissipated that day.

As the disturbance was expected to bring severe impacts, Météo-France issued a pre-cyclone alert for Maupiti while the FMS issued a tropical cyclone alert for the Southern Cook Islands.

Tropical Disturbance 07F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration	February 5 – February 8
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1002 hPa (mbar)

On February 5, the FMS noted that Tropical Disturbance 07F had developed within an area of moderate vertical windshear about 705 km (440 mi) to the northwest of Papeete in French Polynesia. During that day, atmospheric convection persisted over the low level circulation, as it moved south-eastwards and passed through French Polynesia's Society Islands.

Tropical Cyclone Osai

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	February 6 – February 12
Peak intensity	85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar)

On February 6, the FMS stated that Tropical Disturbance 08F had formed. The disturbance was located within a favorable environment for further development with good equator-ward outflow, exceptionally warm (29–30 °C) sea surface temperatures. Deep convection with formative bands surrounding the system's circulation caused the JTWC to issue a TCFA that day at 06:00 UTC, with the system located about 595 km (370 mi) northwest of Pago Pago in American Samoa. During that day, the system continued to develop and was classified as a tropical depression by the FMS. The JTWC followed suit a few hours later, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 11P. A few hours later, the FMS upgraded 08F into a tropical cyclone, naming it Osai. Osai showed a consolidating system with convective banding wrapping into a well-defined LLLC. Soon, it started experiencing an increase in vertical wind shear. By February 8, the circulation had become exposed, prompting the JTWC and FMS to issue their final warning on Osai. Over the next few days, Osai moved slowly over the South Pacific Ocean as a tropical disturbance before it was last noted on February 12.

Tropical Disturbance 09F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration	February 11 – February 13
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1004 hPa (mbar)

On February 11, the FMS noted that Tropical Disturbance 09F had developed within an area of high vertical windshear about 160 km (100 mi) to the southwest of Papeete in French Polynesia. Over the next couple of days, the disturbance moved south-eastwards and remained poorly organised with atmospheric convection displaced to the east of the low-level circulation centre, before it was last noted on February 13, as it dissipated to the north of the island of Rapa in French Polynesia.

Tropical Depression 10F

Tropical depression (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	February 14 – February 17
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar)

On February 14, the FMS noted that Tropical Depression 10F had formed about 350 km (215 mi) to the northeast of Palmerston in the Southern Cook Islands. During the next day, the system intensified as it moved south-eastward in a weak steering environment, while the storm started to wrap into the system's consolidating LLLC. The system embedded within the South Pacific Convergence Zone, to the northeast of Niue, leading the JTWC to issue a TCFA. During the day, the JTWC initiated advisories on the disturbance and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 15P. By February 17, the system had transitioned to a subtropical cyclone, prompting the JTWC to discontinue warnings on the system. The FMS still tracked the system until the next day.

Tropical Cyclone Lincoln

Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	13 February – 25 February
Peak intensity	75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 993 hPa (mbar)

On 6 February, the BoM noted a tropical low was expected to form over northern Australia between the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and the Gulf of Carpentaria in a few days, designating it as 07U. By 13 February, the BoM reported that a tropical low had developed over the western Gulf of Carpentaria within a monsoon trough over the Top End, approximately 419 km (260 mi) to the east-southeast of Darwin in the Northern Territory. Initially located in an favourable environment for intensification, the tropical low began to encounter somewhat improved conditions. As the tropical low tracked slowly moving towards the coast, consolidating LLCC with convection started to develop and was wrapping toward the center. By 15 February, at 14:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a TCFA, noting that the system was in a favorable environment with low wind shear and sea surface temperatures exceeding 29–30 °C (84–86 °F). The agency later issued its first warning on the system, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 14P. The BoM followed suit—officially upgrading the system to a Category 1 tropical cyclone and assigning the name Lincoln. Lincoln had a partially exposed LLCC with core convection confined to the western edge of the cyclone. Lincoln made landfall on the Gulf of Carpentaria coast between Port McArthur and the Northern Territory—Queensland border just after 06:00 UTC on 16 February. Shortly after the landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system. Later that day, the BoM followed suit and released its last advisory as the system degenerated into a tropical low.

However, Lincoln remained traceable, and the BoM would give the system a high chance of redeveloping into a tropical cyclone on 18 February. By 21 February, the remnants of Lincoln turned westward into the offshore of the Kimberley coast and began to re-organize, resulting deep convection to the north. The JTWC re-issued a TCFA for the system at 07:30 UTC as the formative convective banding was wrapping into a defined circulation. With an increase in convective banding on the southern of the cyclone's circulation, the JTWC re-initiated advisories on the storm approximately 446 km (275 mi) northeast of Learmonth at 03:00 UTC on 22 February. Turning northwest as it approached Western Australia, the storm failed to organised its deep convection. By 24 February, the JTWC subsequently issued their final advisory on the system, as its circulation became exposed.

The BoM issued a tropical cyclone watch for areas south of Port Roper to Burketown. Later, the BoM issued a tropical cyclone warning for the coast of Port Roper to the Northern Territory—Queensland border. Flood watches and severe weather warnings were issued for the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, incorporating parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland.

Intense Tropical Cyclone Djoungou

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	13 February – 19 February
Peak intensity	215 km/h (130 mph) (10-min); 922 hPa (mbar)

Due to the anticipated long-range ensemble forecast guidance from the Global Forecast System, MFR's tropical weather discussions began to highlight the possibility of a storm gradually developing in the northeast of the Mascarene Islands on 8 February. It gradually organized over favorable environmental conditions with very warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear. At 00:00 UTC on 15 February, the system was classified as a tropical disturbance. A day later, the system was upgraded to a tropical depression following a significant increase in curved banding. Later that day, the JTWC issued a TCFA, noting a deep convection persisting around the center of circulation. The JTWC upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone 13S, with the MMS naming it Djoungou a few hours later as it rapidly organized with deep flaring convection around the system's LLLC.

However, multispectral satellite imagery indicated that the cyclone had developed a banding eye feature. As the eye emerged on visible satellite imagery early on 16 February, and at 18:00 UTC that day, the MFR classified Djoungou as a severe tropical storm. However, a small central dense overcast (CDO) developed over Djoungou; it rapidly developed, becoming a Category 1 hurricane. Soon afterward, the storm structure evolved the eye pattern and was surrounded by intense convective bursts, becoming a tropical cyclone. Later, Djoungou was upgraded to a Category 4 major hurricane. MFR immediately classified Djoungou as an intense tropical cyclone after the eye gradually improved its convective pattern. However, due to wind shear, the cyclone's increasingly asymmetrical eye disappeared from satellite imagery. Djoungou soon entered into an environment of increasing wind shear, causing its structure to rapidly deteriorate. By 19 February, the MFR issued its last advisory on Djoungou as it transitioned into a post-tropical depression. Later that day, the system had transitioned to a subtropical cyclone, prompting the JTWC to discontinue warnings on the system.

Severe Tropical Storm Eleanor

Severe tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	17 February – 24 February
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar)

Early on 13 February, MFR began to track a surface circulation developing northeast of Madagascar. Five days later, the MFR determined that the cyclonic circulation had emerged into the Indian Ocean from the coast of Madagascar. By 18 February, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system, as it consolidated a LLCC with deep convection flaring to the northeast of the center. The same day, the MFR declared that it was a tropical disturbance as it drifted northeastwards. A ragged CDO developed, indicating that the JTWC recognized it as Tropical Cyclone 16S while the MFR upgraded it to a tropical depression. Later that day, the depression intensified into a moderate tropical storm, resulting in the MMS naming it Eleanor.

According to the first reports, the damage was light to moderate in Mauritius and nil in La Reunion. In Mauritius, Eleanor gave strong winds and heavy rain which left at least 2 people injured, 10,000 customers deprived of electricity, several electricity pylons damaged, and toppled trees blocking several roads. It is the northern regions which suffered the greatest damage.

Severe Tropical Storm Filipo

Severe tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	2 March – 14 March
Peak intensity	100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 989 hPa (mbar)

A report from the National Disasters Management Institute (INGD) on March 15 mentioned 48,000 people affected in the provinces of Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo and Sofala with 2 death and 25 injured. It is estimated that 8,000 houses were destroyed or damaged, as well as 51 health centers and 146 schools affected. Rain accumulations were estimated by weather satellite to be of the order of 130 mm in 24 hours, approximately the normal rainfall for the entire month of March.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Neville

Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	4 March – 24 March (Exited basin)
Peak intensity	175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 952 hPa (mbar)

On 1 March, the BoM started to monitor a possible tropical low to the north of the Cocos Islands within the monsoon trough, designating it as 08U. An increased monsoon flow over the Indian Ocean towards Indonesia prompted the agency to report that the tropical low was forming on 4 March, within an unfavorable environment for further development. By 10 March, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the tropical low after noting that its deep convection continued to build in the southern and central regions over the system's LLCC, and the next day, it recognized the system as Tropical Cyclone 18S. Afterwards, subsidence and high vertical wind shear caused the system to struggle to intensify, leaving the LLLC exposed. Although convection continued to fluctuate in the system, deep convection continued to improve near the center. By 18 March, the JTWC subsequently issued their final advisory on the system, as its structure was to be disorganized. During the next day, the tropical low began to displace to the south of the LLLC, the JTWC resumed monitoring the system. The LLCC started to re–develop with deep convective bands wrapping into it, the JTWC re-initiated advisories approximately 341 km (210 mi) northwest of Learmonth at 03:00 UTC on 20 March. Later that day, the BoM reported that the tropical low had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone and named it Neville. Neville intensified shortly after, with an eye forming on microwave imagery. A pinhole eye briefly emerged on infrared and visible satellite imagery as a ragged feature at the cyclone's center, surrounded by well-defined rainbands. Neville reached peak intensity at 06:00 UTC the following day as a high-end Category 4 severe tropical cyclone, with ten-minute sustained winds estimated at 175 km/h (110 mph), and a central barometric pressure of 952 hPa (28.11 inHg). The JTWC estimated that the system was generating one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), equivalent to a low-end Category 4 major hurricane. Afterward, the storm's eye becoming cloud-filled caused Neville to gradually weaken as its track shifted west-southwestward. Neville's eye disappeared from satellite imagery and the cloud tops of the central dense overcast warming. Not long afterward, the storm began to deteriorate due to cooler waters, increasing vertical wind, and dry air entrainment. The BoM downgraded the storm to a vigorous gale-force tropical low on 24 March. Around this time, Ex-Tropical Cyclone Neville assumed a more consistent course towards the southwest, and crossed over the 90th meridian east into the South-West Indian Ocean.

Tropical Disturbance 11F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration	March 8 – March 15
Peak intensity	65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Cyclone Megan

Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	13 March – 21 March
Peak intensity	140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 967 hPa (mbar)

On 4 March, the BoM noted the formation of a tropical low over south of Indonesia's Sumatra or Java, designating it as 09U. Over the next couple of days, the BoM reported that it was developing over the western Timor Sea within the trough. Analysis from the JTWC indicated that the disturbance was in a favorable environment for development—featuring sea surface temperatures of 29 to 31 °C (84 to 88 °F), and low to moderate wind shear. By 15 March, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the tropical low and warned that there was a high potential for the disturbance to develop into a tropical cyclone. The tropical low moved into the Gulf of Carpentaria, whereupon it gradually organized and began to intensify. The same day, the JTWC upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone 19P, approximately 367 km (230 mi) east of Darwin, Northern Territory. Later the next day, the BoM reported that the tropical low had developed into a Category 1 tropical cyclone and assigned the name Megan. Rapid intensification began the same day, with Megan reaching Category 2 tropical cyclone. The BoM upgraded the storm to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone at 09:00 UTC, just after one-minute sustained winds had reached the equivalent of minimal hurricane intensity. Gradually approaching the southwestern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, the JTWC indicated that one-minute sustained winds had reached 185 km/h (115 mph), equivalent to a Category 3 major hurricane on the SSHWS. Megan made landfall on the southwestern Gulf of Carpentaria coast just after 06:00 UTC on 18 March. Shortly after the landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system. After moving ashore, the cyclone turned generally southeast and tracked along the inland of Borroloola. The following day, the system was downgraded to a tropical low by the BoM as it approached the inland coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Ex-Tropical Cyclone Megan moved inland, tracking across the Northern Territory, before the BoM stopped monitoring the low on 21 March.

Tropical Low 10U

Tropical low (Australian scale)
Duration	14 March – 14 March
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1003 hPa (mbar)

On 12 March, the BoM started to monitor a possible tropical low within the monsoon trough off the eastern Top End in the Gulf of Carpentaria, designating it 10U. Over the next couple of days, the tropical low remained poorly organised. By 14 March, the BoM reported that a tropical low had developed within a monsoon trough east of Cape York Peninsula. Later that day, the BoM stopped monitoring the low, as it moved southeast off the coast while continuing to weaken.

Tropical Disturbance 12F

Tropical disturbance (Australian scale)
Duration	March 19 – March 20
Peak intensity	Winds not specified; 1005 hPa (mbar)

Severe Tropical Storm Gamane

Severe Tropical Storm Gamane

Satellite image Forecast map
Current storm information
As of	15:00 UTC, 26 March
Location	12.6°S 50.8°E / -12.6; 50.8 1,098 kilometres (680 mi) NW of Port Louis, Mauritius
Movement	NW at 2 kn (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph)
Currently-active Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (MFR)
Sustained winds	100 km/h (65 mph)
Gusts	150 km/h (90 mph)
Pressure	990 hPa (mbar); 29.23 inHg
Currently-active Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Sustained winds	100 km/h (65 mph)
Gusts	130 km/h (80 mph)
Pressure	990 hPa (mbar); 29.23 inHg

On March 25, A zone of disturbed weather was formed 398 nautical miles north-northeast of Toamasina, Madagascar. MFR started issuing bulletins for a potential tropical cyclone that will form in the upcoming days. A few hours later, JTWC followed suit and issued a TCFA, indicating the low-level circulation with a symmetric area of deep persistent convection obscuring the center. On the next day, JTWC designated the disturbance as Tropical Cyclone 20S. A few hours later, 20S rapidly intensified into a severe tropical storm, assigned the name Gamane by the MMS.

For the latest official information, see:

• MFR's Tropical Cyclone Bulletin on Severe Tropical Storm Gamane
• JTWC's Tropical Cyclone Warning on Tropical Cyclone 20S (Gamane)