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User:Jnestorius/Provinces of Ireland

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Cormac Bourke's DIB entry on Saint Patrick suggests that the traditional division of Ireland into four or five provinces may be an invention after an age of Roman British influence on Ireland;[1] Roman Britain was redivided from four provinces to five in AD 368 after the Great Conspiracy (with Valentia as a new one).

Official use edit

Official use of some or all of the provinces
Office Period Munster Leinster Ulster Connaught Notes
Presidency 1569–1672 Munster None Planned Connaught

Officers included: Lord President; Commander; Provost Marshal; Attorney General; Clerk of the Council; Clerk of the Crown and Peace [sometimes for for larger/smaller areas]; Clerk of Fines; Chief Justice; 2nd Justice; Serjeant at Arms; Gentleman Porter; Examinator; Vice President; Marshal of the Court; Marshal of the Court and Gaol

  • Warham St Leger was "Chief Governor of Munster, 1566 ... Provost Marshal, Munster Presidency, 16 Feb., 1579/80 ... Commander in Chief, Munster Province, 18 Aug., 1581... Comr., Munster Presidency, 22 Sept., 1599."
  • [Captain] John Zouche, "Governor Genl., Munster Province, 1581."
  • County Clare moved to Connaught and later separated from both M and C
  • Ulster planned but preempted by the Nine Years' War and Plantation of Ulster

See also Irwin 1977[2]

Escheator 1605–1838 Munster Leinster Ulster Connaught Escheator of Ireland from 1256. Used for resigning from the Irish House of Commons from 1793; and Munster used for Irish seats [and one Scottish] in the British House of Commons until 1820. (See Resignation from the British House of Commons.)
Vice-Admiral 1586–1856 Munster Leinster Ulster Connaught See Vice-admiral of the coast. Vice-admiral of Ireland recorded from 1536 to 1601; earliest/latest provincial mentions are Munster 1586–1838, Connaught 1615–1889, Leinster 1612–1822, Ulster 1606–1849[3] Judges of vice admiralty were rarer, Dublin/Leinster eclipsing Connaught (none recorded) Ulster (last 1666) and Munster (last 1751).[4]
Peerage of Ireland / UK D M E V B Lord D M E V B Lord D M E V B Lord D M E V B Lord Lordship of Leinster not covered (Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and son-in-law William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke); cf Lordship of Connaught, Lordship of Meath, Lordship of Ulster
Jacobite regiments 1689-91
British Army regiments 1881–1922 Royal Munster Fusiliers Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) — Connaught Rangers While the Connaught regiment's recruitment area was coterminous with its 5 counties, Munster's had only 4 western counties of its 6, Leinster's 5 northwestern counties of its 12. There were 5 other regional regiments for the remaining 18 counties, plus one all-island regiment.[5]
Provincial Inspector of Constabulary 1822–39

The Irish Constabulary Act 1822 provided for a county constabulary with up to four "General Superintendants and Inspectors of the Chief Constables and Constables", individually called "Superintendant" or "Inspector",[18] in practice one per province and called "Inspector-General of [province name]".[19] (Leinster excluded Dublin Metropolitan Police area.) Irish Constabulary Act 1836 added a national Inspector-General but kept the four as subordinates under the name "County Inspectors".[20] There were also provincial depots for trainees and (until 1839) reservists, at Ballincollig, Ballinrobe, Armagh, and Philipstown (now Daingean).[21] The rank of provincial inspector was renamed "Assistant Inspector-General" in 1883.[22] The 1839 act renamed "County Inspectors" to "provincial inspectors" (and renamed "sub-inspectors" to "county inspectors") but despite the "provincial" name reduced their number from four to two, with next two retirements to go without replacement.[23] In 1840 there were one Inspector-General, two Deputy Inspector-Generals, and three provincial inspectors.[24] The Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland still referred to the two remaining provincial inspectors by their former provinces in the 1843 edition[14] but ceased in the 1844 edition.[15]

Court circuits edit

Circuits for Assizes / Circuit Court
County (1835 Town[s]) Dublin Gazette Lewis 1837 Mun Corps 1835[25] 1924[26] 1937[27] 1960[28] 1964[29] 1969[30] 1978[31] 1999[32] 2002[33]
1751[34] 1801[35]
Antrim North-east [N.I.]
Armagh North-east [N.I.]
Carlow Leinster Home Midland Southern South-Eastern
Cavan North-west Northern North-Eastern Northern
Clare Connaught Munster West South-Western
Cork Munster South Cork
Donegal North-west Northern North-Western Northern
Down North-east [N.I.]
Dublin (Newcastle, Swords) — Midland Dublin
Fermanagh North-west [N.I.]
Galway Connaught West Western
Kerry Munster West South-Western
Kildare Leinster Home Midland Eastern
Kilkenny Leinster South-east Southern South-Eastern
Laois/Queen's Leinster Home Midland Midland South-Eastern Midland
Leitrim Connaught North-west Northern North-Eastern Northern
Limerick (Limerick) Munster West South-Western
Limerick (Kilmallock) South
Londonderry North-west [N.I.]
Longford (Granard, Longford, St Johnstown) North-west Home North-west Midland
Longford (Lanesborough) West
Louth North-east Eastern
Mayo Connaught West Western
Meath North-east Home Midland Eastern
Monaghan North-east Northern North-Eastern Northern
Offaly/King's Leinster Home Midland Midland
Roscommon (Boyle) Connaught North-west Midland
Roscommon (Roscommon, Tulsk) West
Roscommon (Athlone) Midland
Sligo Connaught North-west Midland North-Western Northern Midland Northern Midland
Tipperary Munster Leinster South-east Southern South-Eastern
Tyrone (Agher) North-west North-west [N.I.]
Tyrone (Dungannon) North-east
Waterford (Dungarvan, Lismore, Tallagh) Munster Leinster South Southern South-Eastern
Waterford (Waterford, Clonmel) South-east
Westmeath (Athlone, Fore, Kilbeggan) North-west Home Midland Midland
Westmeath (Mullingar) North-west
Wexford Leinster South-east Eastern South-Eastern
Wicklow Leinster Home South-east Eastern

Histories of...

  • Munster circuit[36]
  • Connaught circuit[37]

...may relate to province rather than defined circuit; may explain official vs unofficial names etc.

John McCavitt:[38]

A circuit system also rapidly evolved. During most of Chichester's deputyship, 1605–16, Ireland was divided into six circuits, equalling the complement in England. There was one each for Connacht and Munster as well as one operating in the north-east and another in the north-west of the country, while there were usually two for the province of Leinster. The Appendix also shows that there were some slight variations in the counties which made up the six circuits, undoubtedly a reflection of the evolutionary nature of the system in Ireland.

NAI Lodge/21/353 19 Aug 1671 Tyrone moved NW to NE and Monaghan NE to NW

Although "gradireland Law" says RoI Circuit Court has seven circuits: "Munster circuit – which in practice can be divided into the Cork circuit and the South Western circuit – Northern circuit, Western circuit, Midlands circuit, Eastern circuit and Dublin circuit" in fact there are eight (per citizensinformation and courts.ie) — gradireland omits south-eastern. Dunno how widespread "Munster circuit" is as an informal designation for those who practice on both Cork and southwestern.

Sources edit

  • Curtis, Robert H. (1871). The History of the Royal Irish Constabulary (2nd ed.). Dublin: McGlashan & Gill.
  • Herlihy, Jim (1997). The Royal Irish Constabulary. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-85182-343-7 – via Internet Archive.
  • Hughes, James L. J. (1960). Patentee Officers in Ireland, 1173–1826: Including High Sheriffs, 1661–1684 and 1761–1816 (PDF). Stationery Office for the Irish Manuscripts Commission.

References edit

  1. ^ Bourke, Cormac. "Patrick (Patricius, Pátraic, Pádraig)". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  2. ^ Irwin, Liam (1977). "The Irish Presidency Courts, 1569-1672". Irish Jurist. 12 (1): 106–114. ISSN 0021-1273. JSTOR 44027486.
  3. ^ Marsden, R. G. (October 1908). "The Vice-Admirals of the Coast". The English Historical Review. 23 (92): 753–755. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 550188.
  4. ^ Yale, D. E. C. (1968). "A HISTORICAL NOTE ON THE JURISDICTION OF THE ADMIRALTY IN IRELAND". Irish Jurist. 3 (1): 148–149. ISSN 0021-1273. JSTOR 44026066.
  5. ^ Myers, Jason (25 March 2015). "Reconsidering Irish fatalities in the First World War". The Irish Story. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Herlihy 1997 pp. 29–30
  7. ^ The Royal Irish Constabulary. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 1997. ISBN 978-1-85182-343-7.
  8. ^ Henderson, Michael (2010). "'Rescuing a complicated story from silence': the Willcocks brothers, Joseph and Richard". History Ireland. 18 (2): 24–26. ISSN 0791-8224. JSTOR 40664760.
  9. ^ a b c d "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (4th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1837. p. 107.
  10. ^ a b c "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (7th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1840. p. 115.
  11. ^ a b "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (8th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1841. p. 117.
  12. ^ Hawkins, Richard (1 October 2009). "Browne, George Baxter". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.001030.v1.
  13. ^ "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (5th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1838. p. 111.
  14. ^ a b c "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (10th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1843. p. 117.
  15. ^ a b c "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (11th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1844. p. 121.
  16. ^ "Police Department". Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland (9th ed.). Dublin: Pettigrew and Oulton. 1842. p. 117.
  17. ^ "Major Edward J. Priestley, Deputy Inspector General, Constabulary of Ireland". Art UK. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  18. ^ [3 Geo. 4 c. 103] s. 12
  19. ^ Curtis 1871 p. 13
  20. ^ [6 & 7 Will. 4 c. 13] ss. 5, 7; Curtis 1871 p. 37; Broeker, Galen (1970). Rural disorder and police reform in Ireland, 1812–36. London: Routledge and K. Paul. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-7100-6801-9. The county inspectors were reduced [in the 1836 act as compared to the 1835 bill] in number to four, one for each province, as in the existing [1822] system
  21. ^ Curtis 1871 p. 43; Herlihy 1997 p. 50
  22. ^ Herlihy 1997 p. 118
  23. ^ [2 & 3 Vic. c. 75] ss. 10, 11; Curtis 1871 p. 53
  24. ^ Select Committee of House of Lords on Consequences of extending Functions of Constabulary in Ireland to Suppression of Illicit Distillation (23 February 1854). "Appendix H No. 1". Report. Parliamentary papers. Vol. HC 1854 X (53) 1. p. 285.
  25. ^ Manor Courts (Ireland) Minutes [HC 1837 xv (494) 1] p.230 q.4214 "In what part of Ireland were you employed during that inquiry ?-In what was called the north-eastern division, and a part of the north-western division: the course of our inquiry was regulated very much by the circuit divisions for holding assizes throughout the country."; MCI Rpt App pp. 2, 116, 274, 446, 642, 800, 972
  26. ^ The Courts of Justice Act 1924, Schedule
  27. ^ SRO 1937/309
  28. ^ SI 1960/70
  29. ^ SI 1964/206
  30. ^ SI 1969/201
  31. ^ SI 1978/327
  32. ^ SI 1999/387
  33. ^ SI 2002/134
  34. ^ "Summer-Assizes" (PDF). The Dublin Gazette (93): 2. 6 July 1751. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Lent Assizes, 1801" (PDF). The Dublin Gazette (7083): 176. 5 March 1801. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  36. ^ O'Flanagan, James Roderick (1880). The Munster Circuit: Tales, Trials, and Traditions. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington.
  37. ^ Burke, Oliver Joseph (1885). Anecdotes of the Connaught circuit. From its foundation in 1604 to close upon the present time. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis.
  38. ^ McCavitt, John (1989). ""Good Planets in Their Several Spheares" — The Establishment of the Assize Circuits in Early Seventeenth Century Ireland". Irish Jurist. 24 (2): 251–252. ISSN 0021-1273. JSTOR 44027748.
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