Wikipedia

Travel requirements for stateless persons

Travel requirements for stateless persons are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of states placed on stateless persons.

As of April 2024, stateless persons had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 1 territory, ranking last in terms of travel freedom (tied with the citizens of no state).

Visa requirements map

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De facto map of jurisdictions by visa requirement for stateless persons holding some type of state-issued travel document
  Svalbard / Visa not required
  Visa required prior to arrival
  Closed border

Visa requirements

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Country / Region Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
  Svalbard Visa not required[1] Unlimited[2]
  • Customarily, anyone of any nationality may live and work freely in Svalbard.[3]
  • Travelers arriving and departing by air require some type of state-issued travel document.[1][4]
  • Travelers transiting through the Schengen area, including mainland Norway, must have a Schengen visa. This must be a double-entry visa so they can return to the Schengen area, including mainland Norway.[5]
  • "Regulations concerning rejection and expulsion from Svalbard" are enforced on a non-discriminatory basis. Grounds for exclusion include lack of means of support, and violation of laws or regulations.[6]
  Other jurisdictions Visa required[citation needed]

Vaccination requirements

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Main article: Vaccination requirements for international travel

Vaccination requirements map

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Certain countries and territories require travellers arriving from certain jurisdictions to be vaccinated against specific diseases. This is a map of the minimal vaccination requirements for stateless persons arriving from countries that aren't classified as "risk countries".

 
Minimal vaccination requirements for stateless citizens
  Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135) required[Note 1]
  Polio vaccination required
  Yellow fever vaccination required
  Vaccination not required

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135)

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Main article: Meningococcal vaccine § Travel requirements
Meningococcal vaccination requirements for international travel[7]
Country or territory Details
  Gambia All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (ACYW135) upon arrival.[8]
  Indonesia Travellers arriving from or departing to Saudi Arabia must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135.[9]
  Lebanon Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers departing Lebanon and going to Hajj, Umrah, and to certain African countries.[10]
  Libya All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 upon arrival.[11]
  Philippines Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers going to Hajj and Umrah (in Saudi Arabia).[12]
  Saudi Arabia
  • Proof of vaccination is required for travellers 2 years of age and older who are Hajj or Umrah pilgrims and seasonal or pilgrim workers in Hajj and Umrah areas. Vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW135 (either polysaccharide or conjugate) must be issued not less than 10 days before arrival and not more than 3 years (polysaccharide vaccine) or 5 years (conjugate vaccine) before arrival. The immunisation certificate should clearly state if the traveller was vaccinated with the conjugate vaccine for the 5-year validity to apply.[13]
  • Vaccination is also required for domestic pilgrims, residents of Mecca and Medina, and any persons participating in Hajj or Umrah or seasonal or pilgrimage work in Hajj and Umrah zones. At the discretion of the Ministry of Health, travellers may be administered prophylactic antibiotics upon arrival.[13]

Polio vaccination

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Main article: Polio vaccine § Travel requirements
Polio vaccination requirements for international travel[7]
Country Details
  Afghanistan Travellers from polio-endemic countries (Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Afghanistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) when departing from Afghanistan.[7][14]
  Belize Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Belize residents travelling countries with confirmed polio cases also need proof of vaccination.[15]
  Brunei Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[16]
  Egypt Travellers from Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, China, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Somalia need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[17]
  Georgia Travellers from at-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof are offered OPV vaccination upon arrival.[18]
  India Travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, and Syria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[19]
  Iran Travellers from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival.[20]
  Iraq Travellers aged 15+ from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival; children under age 15 must have received three doses of polio vaccine before travel. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival. Travellers departing Iraq to Afghanistan and Pakistan must also provide proof of vaccination upon departure.[21]
  Jordan Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[22]
  Lebanon Travellers from and to polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[23]
  Libya Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[24]
  Maldives Travellers from and to polio-exporting countries, as well as Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[25]
  Morocco Travellers from polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[26]
    Nepal Travellers from Afghanistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Papua New Guinea need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[27]
  Oman Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[28]
  Pakistan Travellers from ALL countries planning to stay in Pakistan for more than 4 weeks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV vaccination upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Pakistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of OPV vaccination when departing from Pakistan.[7][29]
  Philippines Travellers from or to high-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination upon arrival or before departure, respectively.[7] Due to an ongoing local VDPV2 outbreak, the government recommends all others travellers to consider getting a polio vaccine or booster dose, depending on their situation.[30]
  Qatar Travellers from polio-exporting countries (identified by Qatar as: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Philippines) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[31]
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Travellers from polio-endemic countries as identified by WHO (Afghanistan and Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[7][32]
  Saudi Arabia Travellers from active-transmission (including wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus) and at-risk countries, as well as all travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Regardless of immunisation status, all travellers from Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen will be given an Oral Polio Vaccine dose upon arrival.[33]
  Seychelles Travellers from countries with polio outbreaks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[34]
  Syria Travellers from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. ALL Syria residents departing Syria to any country also need proof of vaccination.[35]
  Ukraine Long-term visitors departing to states with wild or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus transmission should present Carte Jaune proof of vaccination with at least one dose of bivalent OPV or IPV (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure). Persons obliged to undertake urgent international travel must be immunised with a single dose of polio vaccine before their departure.[7] There is also risk of poliovirus transmission inside Ukraine itself, and travellers to Ukraine are recommended to be up to date with their polio vaccination before entry.[36]

Yellow fever vaccination

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Main article: Yellow fever vaccine § Travel requirements
Yellow fever vaccination requirements for international travel (July 2019)[7]
Country or territory Status Vaccination required for travellers coming from Traveller age
  Albania No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Algeria No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Angola Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Antigua and Barbuda No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Argentina Risk provinces:
Misiones, Corrientes 		No[note 2] –
  Aruba No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Australia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Bahamas No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Bahrain No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Bangladesh No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Barbados No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Belize No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Benin Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Bolivia Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
  Bonaire No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Botswana No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Brazil Risk country No[note 2] –
  Brunei No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Burkina Faso Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Burundi Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Cabo Verde No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Cambodia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Cameroon Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Central African Republic Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Chad Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  China No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Christmas Island No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Colombia Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Congo-Brazzaville Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Congo-Kinshasa Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Costa Rica No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  Côte d'Ivoire Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Cuba No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Curaçao No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Dominica No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Dominican Republic No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Ecuador Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Egypt No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  El Salvador No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Equatorial Guinea Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
  Eritrea No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Eswatini No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Ethiopia Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Fiji No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  French Guiana Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  French Polynesia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Gabon Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  Gambia Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
  Ghana Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Grenada No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Guadeloupe No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Guatemala No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Guinea Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
  Guinea-Bissau Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  Guyana Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Haiti No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Honduras No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  India No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Indonesia No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  Iran No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Iraq No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Jamaica No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Jordan No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Kenya Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
  Kyrgyzstan No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Laos No risk Risk countries Unknown
  Lesotho No risk Risk countries[note 1] 6 months or older
  Liberia Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
  Libya No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Madagascar No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Malawi No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Malaysia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Maldives No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Mali Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  Malta No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Martinique No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Mauritania Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
  Mayotte No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Montserrat No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Mozambique No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Myanmar No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Namibia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
    Nepal No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  New Caledonia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Nicaragua No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Niger Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  Nigeria Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Niue No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  North Korea No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Oman No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Pakistan No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Panama Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Papua New Guinea No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Paraguay Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
  Peru Risk country No[note 2] –
  Philippines No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Pitcairn Islands No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Rwanda No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Saint Barthélemy No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Saint Helena No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Saint Kitts and Nevis No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Saint Lucia No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  Saint Martin No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
  Samoa No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  São Tomé and Príncipe No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
  Saudi Arabia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Senegal Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
  Seychelles No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Sierra Leone Risk country All countries Unknown
  Singapore No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Sint Eustatius No risk Risk countries 6 months or older
  Sint Maarten No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  Solomon Islands No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
  Somalia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  South Africa No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  South Sudan Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Sri Lanka No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Sudan Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Suriname Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Tanzania No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Thailand No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Togo Risk country All countries 9 months or older
  Trinidad and Tobago Risk region:
Trinidad 		Risk countries 1 year or older
  Uganda Risk country All countries 1 year or older
  United Arab Emirates No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  Venezuela Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Wallis and Futuna No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Zambia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
  Zimbabwe No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Also required for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through a risk country's airport.
  2. ^ a b c The WHO has designated (parts of) Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Also required for travellers having transited any time through a risk country's airport.

COVID-19 vaccination

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Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[37] This is justified by research that shows that the Pfizer vaccine effect lasts for six months or so.[38]

References and notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Visa and passport requirements". October 5, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  2. ^ "Entry and residence". Governor of Svalbard. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. ^ Immigrants warmly welcomed, Al Jazeera, 4 July 2006.
  4. ^ "How to travel to Svalbard". Visit Svalbard. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  5. ^ "Visas and immigration". Governor of Svalbard. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  6. ^ "Regulations" (PDF). www.sysselmannen.no. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (July 2019)". World Health Organization. United Nations. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  8. ^ "Gambia Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  9. ^ "Indonesia Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Lebanon Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  11. ^ "Libya Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Philippines Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  13. ^ a b "Saudi Arabia Required Vaccinations: Meningococcal Meningitis". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  14. ^ "Afghanistan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 1 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Belize Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Brunei Darussalam Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  17. ^ "Egypt Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  18. ^ "Georgia Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  19. ^ "India Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Iran Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Iraq Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Jordan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Lebanon Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Libya Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  25. ^ "Maldives Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  26. ^ "Morocco Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Nepal Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  28. ^ "Oman Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  29. ^ "Pakistan Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  30. ^ "Philippines Recommended Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  31. ^ "Qatar Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Saint Kitts & Nevis Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  33. ^ "Saudi Arabia Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  34. ^ "Seychelles Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  35. ^ "Syria Required Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  36. ^ "Ukraine Recommended Vaccinations: Polio". iamat.org. International Association for Medical Assistance to Travellers (IAMAT). 23 October 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  37. ^ Strong, Matthew (17 August 2021). "Palau limits travel bubble with Taiwan to already vaccinated or registered vaccine tourists". Taiwan News. Retrieved 18 August 2021. Only travellers already vaccinated and those registered to receive COVID-19 shots in Palau will be allowed to take part in the travel bubble with Taiwan, the Pacific island nation announced Tuesday (Aug. 17).
  38. ^ Ian, Sample (1 April 2021). "Pfizer vaccine has 91% efficacy for up to six months, trial shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2021. He said scientists had become "terribly worried" about the variant's ability to evade immunity from previous infection or vaccination. "Studies like this confirm our sense that the vaccine gives such massive protective headroom that even with some loss of immunity, you're still safe," he said.

Notes

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  1. ^ Saudi Arabia: in the Hajj and Umrah zones only
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