# Talk:Scaling (geometry)

Active discussions
WikiProject Mathematics (Rated Start-class, Mid-priority)

## Dilation

Is this the same as Dilation (mathematics)? Should the articles be merged? Rojomoke (talk) 15:58, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Dilation, or enlargement is a special case of scaling. If we don't merge, then we certainly should have links. Dbfirs 12:09, 18 April 2010 (UTC)
I agree that dilation is a special case of scaling. Strictly, the term dilation should not be used as a synonym of scaling (as stated in the introduction). Etimologically, dilation means magnification, enlargement. Its antonym is contraction. Paolo.dL (talk) 15:29, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

## Matrix or vector

I've always used the terminology of a scaling matrix multiplying a vector, not a scaling vector multiplying a point, but is the terminology used in this article common elsewhere? Dbfirs 12:09, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

## vector space or affine space?

I believe that scaling is a linear transformation, while a homothetic transformation or homothety is a generalization of scaling and not a linear, but an affine transformation. Hence, there is a clear distinction between the two concepts. This is not clearly stated in the article, in which the term homothety is defined as a synonym of scaling. But I think that this article should be kept separated from Homothetic transformation. Paolo.dL (talk) 11:27, 20 February 2012 (UTC)
This seems to still not be clear in the article. I clarified homothetic transformation, but there's more to clarify. If this article is intended to focus on scaling in vector spaces (with an origin), then the distinction should be made up front. But the intro talks about copying photographs, which is a mapping between spaces, so I'd argue that there is no origin. I think the article should start with the general isotropic scaling, mention anisotropic scaling, and then focus on scaling of vector spaces. —Ben FrantzDale (talk) 13:32, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

## Scope of definition

If possible, please discuss the following points separately in the appropriate subsections. Paolo.dL (talk) 14:22, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

### Negative scaling factor

As mentioned above, I believe that homothety should not be considered to be a synonym of scaling or uniform scaling. Uniform scaling is a special case of homothety (see Homothetic transformation#Homothety and scaling).

I have seen homotheties with negative scale factors, but I am not sure whether a scaling with negative scaling factor should be considered a pure scaling (scaling proper) or just a special case of homothety. Shouldn't this be made clear in this article?

Notice that (although most homotheties are non-linear trasformations) a scaling with negative scale factor is still a linear transformation.

Paolo.dL (talk) 14:22, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Scaling with negative scale factors is on some GCSE syllabuses in the UK. Dbfirs 08:09, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

### Scaling along orthogonal axes not coinciding with the standard basis

If R is a n×n rotation matrix representing the orientation in space of a rotated basis, and R' is its transpose, then a non-uniform scaling with respect to the rotated basis can be represented by

w = R' S R v

where S is a n×n diagonal matrix containing the n scaling factors. This transformation is a linear transformation, as it is a composition of linear transformations (rotation and scaling).

Does this composition meet the (strict) definition of scaling? I am not sure. Shouldn't this be made clear in this article?

(By the way, notice that a uniform scaling by a scale factor s with respect to the rotated basis can be represented by w = R' s R v = R' R (s v) = s v

Paolo.dL (talk) 14:22, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

### Scaling along non-orthogonal axes

The article describes scaling along non-orthogonal axes as a generalization of scaling. It also classifies it as an affine transformation. In 3-D Euclidean space, scaling along 3 (or even more) non-orthogonal axes a1, a2, a3, ... by scale factors s1, s2, s3, ... can be obtained as a composition. Let's define three (or more) non-uniform scaling matrices:

${\displaystyle S_{1}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{1}&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}},S_{2}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{2}&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}},S_{3}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{3}&0&0\\0&1&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}},}$  etc. ...

Then

${\displaystyle w=...(R_{3}'S_{3}R_{3})(R_{2}'S_{2}R_{2})(R_{1}'S_{1}R_{1})v,}$

where the three axes a1, a2, a3 are represented by the first column of each of the three (orthogonal) rotation matrices R1, R2, R3. This is a composition of linear transformations (rotation and scaling), and therefore it is a linear transformation. Although linear transformations are a special case of affine transformations, in my opinion it is misleading to classify scaling as an affine transformation. Namely, the statement "scaling is an affine transformation" is true but useless, and might be interpreted by laymen as "scaling is not a linear trasformation", which is wrong.

Does this composition meet the (strict) definition of scaling? I am not sure. Shouldn't this be made clear in this article?

Paolo.dL (talk) 14:22, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

## redirection from different names

(as: enlargement, dilation, contraction, compression... ) I reached the article with difficulty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.35.166.173 (talk) 18:48, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

## Proposed merge of Scale factor into Scaling (geometry)

circular definition fgnievinski (talk) 15:21, 18 November 2021 (UTC)

Merger complete. Klbrain (talk) 09:24, 7 April 2022 (UTC)