Stavangersk, Stavanger dialect or Stavanger Norwegian (Norwegian: Stavangersk, Stavanger-dialekt (Bokmål) or Stavangerdialekt (Nynorsk)) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Stavanger.

Stavangersk
Pronunciationlocal: [sta.ˈvǎŋ.əʁsk]
RegionStavanger
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone

The pronunciation and origin resemble that of the written Nynorsk, yet the official written language of the Stavanger municipality is Bokmål.

Phonology

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Consonants

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  • /n, t, d, l/ are alveolar [n, t, d, l].[2]
  • As in Bergen and Oslo, younger speakers of the Stavanger dialect tend to merge /ç/ with /ʃ/.[3]
  • /r/ is realized as a voiced uvular continuant, either a fricative [ʁ] or an approximant [ʁ̞]. It can be voiceless [χ] before a voiceless consonant or a pause. This means that the dialect does not possess retroflex consonants.[4]

Vowels

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  • The long close central /ʉː/ and close back /uː/ vowels can be realized as closing diphthongs [əʉ] and [əu].[5]
  • The short counterpart of /ʉː/ is close-mid [ɵ].[5]
  • The short close back vowel is more front than in Oslo, near-back [ʊ] rather than back [ʊ̠].[5]
  • The mid-back vowels are somewhat advanced from the fully back position, i.e. near-back, rather than back. The long /oː/ is close-mid [o̟ː], whereas the short /ɔ/ is open-mid [ɔ̟].[6]
  • The long open back vowel is phonetically back [ɑː], but its short counterpart is front [a], identical to the cardinal [a]. It is the most anterior realization of this vowel in Norway.[7]
  • The non-native diphthong ⟨ai⟩ has a front starting point [æi].[8]
Diphthong phonemes of
Stavangersk[9]
Starting point Ending point
Front Central
unrounded rounded rounded
Mid ei øy øʉ

Tonemes

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Phonetic realization

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Phonetically, the tonemes of the Stavanger dialect are the same as those of Central Standard Swedish; accent 1 is rising-falling, whereas accent 2 is double falling.[10][11]

References

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  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Older Runic". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  2. ^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 30–31, 34, 36.
  3. ^ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 23.
  4. ^ Vanvik (1979), p. 38.
  5. ^ a b c Vanvik (1979), p. 18.
  6. ^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 17–18.
  7. ^ Vanvik (1979), p. 17.
  8. ^ Vanvik (1979), p. 22.
  9. ^ Ims (2010), p. 15.
  10. ^ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 238.
  11. ^ Ophaug (2014), p. 59.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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  • Berntsen, Mandius; Larsen, Amund B. (1925), Stavanger Bymål, Oslo: Aschehoug
  • Rasch, Jacob (1957), Norsk ordsamling - Stavanger 1698, Universitetsforlaget, ISBN 9788200180098
  • Svedsen, Martin (1931), Syntaksen i Stavanger bymål, Oslo: Aschehoug
  • Westerlund, Selmer Ernst (1927), Den musikalske aksent i Stavangermålet, Oslo: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi
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