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Foreign relations of Djibouti

(Redirected from Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Djibouti))

Foreign relations of Djibouti are managed by the Djiboutian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Djibouti maintains close ties with the governments of Somalia, Ethiopia, France and the United States. It is likewise an active participant in African Union, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and Arab League affairs.

Djibouti has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[1]

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Djibouti maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date
1   France 27 June 1977[2]
2   Germany 27 June 1977[3]
3   Pakistan 27 June 1977[4]
4   United States 27 June 1977[5]
5   Hungary 28 June 1977[6]
6   Syria June 1977[7]
7   Egypt 22 July 1977[8]
8   Oman 16 November 1977[9]
9   Saudi Arabia 7 December 1977[10]
10   South Korea 7 December 1977[11]
11   Czech Republic 8 December 1977[12]
12   Tunisia 1977[13]
13   Cameroon 22 January 1978[14]
14   Sudan 25 January 1978[15]
15   United Kingdom 25 January 1978[16]
16   Iraq 11 March 1978[17]
17   Morocco 14 March 1978[18]
18   Senegal 24 March 1978[19]
19   Iran 4 April 1978[20]
20   Russia 5 April 1978[21]
21   Canada 13 June 1978[22]
—   State of Palestine 13 June 1978[23]
22   Romania 18 June 1978[24]
23   Belgium 19 June 1978[25]
24   Serbia 11 July 1978[26]
25   Libya 24 July 1978[27]
26   Guinea 7 August 1978[28]
27   Japan 24 August 1978[29]
28   Algeria 10 October 1978[30]
29   China 8 January 1979[31]
30   Somalia 4 June 1979[27]
31   Spain 25 June 1979[32]
32   Turkey 25 June 1979[33]
33   Indonesia 6 September 1979[34]
34   Ethiopia 15 December 1979[27]
35   Sweden 20 February 1980[35]
36   Poland 24 February 1980[36]
37   Yemen 13 March 1980[37]
38   Albania 2 April 1980[38]
39   Rwanda 3 April 1980[27]
40   Italy 19 June 1980[39]
41   Tanzania 3 December 1980[40]
42   Netherlands 10 February 1981[41]
43   Lebanon 11 March 1981[42]
44   India 7 December 1981[43]
45   United Arab Emirates 26 December 1981[44]
46   Kuwait 31 October 1982[45]
47    Switzerland 23 December 1982[46]
48   Austria 18 January 1983[47]
49   Bahrain 6 February 1983[48]
50   Singapore 15 September 1983[49]
51   Bangladesh 25 September 1983[50]
52   Kenya 13 March 1984[27]
53   Comoros 29 March 1984[27]
54   Jordan 3 April 1984[27]
55   Burundi 13 December 1984[27]
56   Republic of the Congo February 1985[51]
57   Greece 21 October 1985[52]
58   Thailand 1 April 1986[53]
59   Uganda 20 January 1988[27]
60   Mexico 22 June 1989[54]
61   Nigeria 12 July 1989[27]
62   Vietnam 30 April 1991[55]
63   Seychelles 3 February 1993[27]
64   North Korea 13 June 1993[56]
65   Eritrea 11 July 1993[57]
66   Argentina 27 August 1993[58]
67   South Africa 7 February 1996[59]
68   Portugal 29 March 1996[58]
69   Azerbaijan 22 October 1996[58]
70   Brazil 22 October 1996[58]
71   North Macedonia 12 June 1997[58]
72   Philippines 16 February 1998[60]
73   Malaysia 26 July 1998[61]
74   Colombia 30 September 1998[58]
75   Cuba 20 November 1998[58]
76   Lithuania 9 June 1999[58]
77   Madagascar 13 August 1999[27]
—   Holy See 20 May 2000[62]
78   Georgia 22 November 2000[58]
79   Slovakia 22 November 2000[58]
80   Luxembourg 14 June 2001[63]
81   Ireland 6 July 2001[58]
82   Denmark 10 December 2002[64]
83   Norway 5 February 2003[65]
84   Estonia 16 June 2005[66]
85   Iceland 19 July 2005[58]
86   Venezuela 8 October 2005[67]
87   Slovenia 14 December 2006[58]
88   Bulgaria 13 February 2007[68]
89   Botswana 14 March 2007[27]
90   Finland 14 March 2007[58]
91   Uruguay 12 February 2008[58]
92   Maldives 7 April 2008[69]
93   Benin 16 June 2008[27]
94   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7 August 2008[58]
95   Andorra 17 March 2009[58]
96   Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 March 2009[58]
97   Ukraine 17 March 2009[58]
98   Chad 20 April 2009[70]
99   Niger 20 April 2009[70]
100   Australia 23 April 2009[71]
101   Panama 15 December 2009[72]
102   Kazakhstan 5 May 2010[73]
103   Paraguay 22 July 2010[58]
104   Fiji 16 September 2010[58]
105   Chile 22 January 2011[74]
106   Dominican Republic 8 March 2011[58]
107   Montenegro 6 October 2011[58]
108   Monaco 1 December 2011[75]
109   South Sudan 11 February 2012[76]
110   Latvia 30 March 2012[77]
111   Brunei 9 November 2012[78]
112   Mali 12 November 2012[79]
—   Kosovo 19 May 2013[80]
113   Belarus 26 August 2013[81]
114   Burkina Faso 16 December 2013[82]
115   Kyrgyzstan 3 June 2015[83]
116   Sri Lanka 16 November 2015[84]
117   Ecuador 20 November 2015[58]
118   Mongolia 20 January 2016[58]
119   Togo 14 February 2016[85]
120   Cambodia 28 April 2016[58]
121   Ivory Coast 28 April 2016[58]
122   New Zealand 1 October 2016[86]
123   Mauritius 12 December 2016[58]
124   Mauritania 15 February 2017[87]
125   Tajikistan 17 March 2017[58]
126   Namibia 15 May 2017[88]
127   Croatia 22 May 2017[58]
128   Turkmenistan 4 July 2017[89]
129     Nepal 14 July 2017[58]
130   Zambia 23 October 2017[90]
131   Dominica 9 January 2018[91]
132   Guatemala 28 February 2018[92]
133   Peru 28 February 2018[93]
134   Malta 26 June 2018[58]
135   Equatorial Guinea 9 October 2018[94]
136   Armenia 22 May 2019[95]
137   Nicaragua 9 September 2019[58]
138   Saint Kitts and Nevis 20 February 2020[58]
139   Suriname 21 February 2020[58]
140   Moldova 9 October 2020[58]
141   Gambia 1 July 2021[96]
142   Angola 24 January 2022[97]
143   Gabon 28 November 2022[98]
144   Democratic Republic of the Congo 19 October 2023[99]
145   Uzbekistan 2 May 2024[100]
146   Ghana Unknown
147   Malawi Unknown[101]
148   Mozambique Unknown
149   Qatar Unknown

Bilateral relations

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Africa

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Eritrea 11 July 1993[102] See Djibouti–Eritrea relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Asmara.
  • Eritrea has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Ethiopia 15 December 1979 See Djibouti–Ethiopia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1979.[40]

  Kenya 13 March 1984 See Djibouti–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1984.[40]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Morocco 14 March 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 1978[18]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has a consulate in Djibouti City.
  Somalia 4 June 1979 See Djibouti–Somalia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1979.[40]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Mogadishu.
  • Somalia has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Americas

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Brazil 22 October 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1996[103]
  • Brazil and Djibouti established diplomatic relations in 1996. In 2012, an Agreement on Technical Cooperation between the two countries was signed cooperation focus on areas of infrastructure, agriculture, environment, health, education, national solidarity, scientific research, and social development. A Brazilian company was building a port in the Djibouti funding from the United Arab Emirates.[104]
  Canada 13 June 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1978 when the first Ambassador of Canada to Djibouti presented his credentials.[105] Canada also has an Honorary Consul in Djibouti City. Both Montreal and Ottawa are home to organized Djiboutian diaspora communities, and there is an active community of returned Djiboutian-Canadians in Djibouti.[106]
  Cuba 20 November 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1998[107]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has a consulate in Djibouti City.[108]
  Mexico 22 June 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1989[109]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Mexico is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and maintains an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.[110]
  United States 27 June 1977 See Djibouti-United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1977.[111]

  • Djibouti is a strategic partner of the United States in the Global War on Terrorism.
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate-general in New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Asia

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Azerbaijan 22 October 1996 See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Djibouti were established on 22 October 1996.[112]
  China 8 January 1979[113] See China–Djibouti relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  India 7 December 1981 See Djibouti–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1981[114]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Indonesia 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979, Djibouti is represented in Indonesia through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. Indonesia is accredited to Djibouti through its embassy in Addis Ababa.[115]
  Iran 1978
  • In July 1998, Iran and Djibouti signed a letter of understanding to consolidate their political, economic, trade, and industrial ties, but in January 2016 Djibouti cut off all diplomatic relations with Iran due to tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The two countries restored diplomatic ties on 22 September 2023.[116]
  Japan 24 August 1978 See Djibouti–Japan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1978.[117]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  • Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force(MSDF) maintains an overseas military base in Djibouti since 2011. Japanese forces in Djibouti is tasked to escort ships and combat piracy on the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea.
  Kuwait 31 October 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 1982[118]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has a consulate in Djibouti City.
  Philippines 26 February 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1998[119]
  • Djibouti is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
  Qatar
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Saudi Arabia 7 December 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977[120]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Singapore 15 September 1983
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1983.[121] Djibouti is accredited to Singapore from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[122]
  South Korea 7 December 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977[123]
  • Bilateral trade in 2011 amounted to $47,390,000 in exports, and $9,000 in imports.[124]
  Turkey 25 June 1979[125] See also Djibouti–Turkey relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Ankara.[126]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Djibouti City.[126]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$252 million in 2019.[126]
  Uzbekistan
  • Djibouti recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on 6 January 1992. However both countries have not yet established diplomatic relations.[127]
  Vietnam 30 April 1991
  Yemen 13 March 1980 See Djibouti - Yemen relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1980.[129]

Relations between Yemen and Djibouti are good, and cooperation takes place on many levels. A causeway between the two countries has been proposed.

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Sana'a.
  • Yemen has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Europe

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Denmark
  • Denmark is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[130]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.[131]
  Finland 14 March 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 2007[132]
  • Finland is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[133]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.[134]
  France 6 July 1977 See Djibouti–France relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1977.[135]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Germany 23 January 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1978[136]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Greece 1981
  • Greece has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.
  • Greek-Djiboutian relations are particularly friendly. The Greek community in Djibouti has significantly contributed to that.[137]
  Iceland 19 July 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2005[138]
  • Iceland is accredit to Djibouti from its embassy in Kampala, Uganda.[139]
  Ireland 6 July 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 2001[140]
  • Ireland is accredit to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[141][142]
  Kosovo 22 March 2013
  • Djibouti officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 8 May 2010.[143] On 22 March 2013 Djibouti and Kosovo established diplomatic relations and vowed to strengthen bilateral co-operation with one another.[144]
  Romania 18 May 1978
  Russia 3 April 1978 See Djibouti–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1978[146]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  Serbia 11 July 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1978[147]
  • Serbia has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.[148]
  Spain 25 June 1979[149] * Djibouti is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  Sweden 20 February 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1980, when first ambassador of Sweden to Djibouti M. Bror Arne Lennart Helleryd presented his credentials to President of Djibouti Hassan Gouled Aptidon[150]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Sweden from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.[151]
  • Sweden is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[152]
   Switzerland 23 December 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1982[153]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.
  United Kingdom 25 January 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1978, when first Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Djibouti Mr. Benjamin Strachan presented his letters of credentials to President of Djibouti Hassan Gouled Aptidon[154]

Oceania

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
  Australia
  • Djibouti is accredited to Australia through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[155]
  New Zealand
  • Djibouti is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[156]

International organisations

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Djibouti is a member of the African Union, Arab League, La Francophonie, Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa, and the United Nations.

In 1996, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), a developmental organisation of seven countries in East Africa, established its headquarters in Djibouti City. IGAD's mandate is for regional cooperation and economic integration.

After the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, Djibouti joined the Global War on Terror. It is now home to the Camp Lemonnier military compound.

Djibouti is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN 978-981-4713-03-0.access-date=28 March 2024
  2. ^ "Treaty of friendship and co-operation. Signed at Djibouti on 27 June 1977" (in French). Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  4. ^ Translations on South and East Asia Volumes 725-737. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1977. p. 36. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  5. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  6. ^ Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv, 1977 (in Hungarian). pp. 47 (89).
  7. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1978. Выпуск двадцать второй. Зарубежные страны в 1977" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 353. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  8. ^ Cairo Press Review. 1977. p. 9.
  9. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 1849-1856. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1977. p. 13.
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  11. ^ "Countries & Regions". Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  12. ^ Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
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  16. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues No. 1890. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1978. p. 10.
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  33. ^ The Pulse: Daily Review of the Turkish Press. Vedat Uras. 1982. pp. Page 3.
  34. ^ Farah, Gaouad (1982). La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie (in French). Imprimerie Officielle. p. 145.
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  36. ^ "Dżibuti" (in Polish). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  37. ^ Le Mois en Afrique, 170-179 (in French). 1980. p. 122.
  38. ^ La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie. Imprimerie Officielle, 1982. p. 161.
  39. ^ Le mois en Afrique, Issues 170-175. 1980. p. 134.
  40. ^ a b c d "Etat des Relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  41. ^ Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 180-185 (in French). 1981. p. 155.
  42. ^ Le Mois en Afrique - Issues 180-185 (in French). Le Mois en Afrique. 1981. p. 158.
  43. ^ Farah, Gaouad (1982). La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie (in French). Imprimerie Officielle. p. 200.
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References

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  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

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