Wikipedia

List of conflicts involving Albanian rebel groups in the post–Cold War era

The following is a list of conflicts involving Albanian rebels groups in the post–Cold War era.

The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Rebel victory
  Rebel defeat
  Another result
  Ongoing conflict

List edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Location Result Casualties
Insurgency in Kosovo

(1995-1998)

  UÇK   FR Yugoslavia Kosovo Start of Kosovo War[1][2][3] Unknown
Kosovo War

(1998-1999)

  UÇK

  NATO

  FR Yugoslavia Kosovo Kumanovo Agreement:[4][5][6] 1,500-2,131
Insurgency in the Preševo Valley

(1999-2001)

  UÇPMB   FR Yugoslavia Ground Safety Zone Defeat[8][9] 27
2001 insurgency in Macedonia

(2001)

  NLA   Macedonia Polog and Kumanovo regions Ohrid Agreement[10]
  • Peace was brokered between NLA and Macedonia
  • Albanian was recognized as an official language besides Macedonian
  • Albanians received greater rights
 64-105
Treboš ambush

(2001)

  AKSH

  NLA

  Macedonia Treboš Defeat
  • Macedonian security forces secure mass grave[11][12]
  • Police action leading to the arrest of the perpetrators of the ambush
  • 100 Macedonian civilians abducted by AKSH, after a police action all civilians released[13][14]
 30 arrested[15]
Crisis in the Preševo Valley

(2002–present)

Different armed groups

Former UÇPMB members

  FR Yugoslavia (2002-2006)

  Serbia (2006-present)

Preševo Valley Ongoing Several[16]
Kondovo Crisis

(2004-2005)

  AKSH   Macedonia Kondovo, Saraj Conflicts resolved diplomatically
  • AKSH captured the police station and beat up police hostages
  • AKSH withdraws from Kondovo to Kosovo
  • Larger inter-ethnic violence prevented
 Several captured
Operation Eagle's Flight

(2006)

  AKSH   Montenegro Plot failed
  • Relations between the state and the Albanian minority strained
  • All members were given 51 years in prison[20][21][22][23]
 17 arrested
Operation Mountain Storm

(2007)

  AKSH   Macedonia Tetovo region Defeat[24]
  • 6 rebels killed
  • 13 rebels arrested[25]
 6
Blace bunker raid

(2010)

  NLA veterans[26]   Macedonia Kosovo-Macedonian border Defeat
  • Armed group fled to Kosovo after clash[27]
  • Bunkers and weapons caches seized by Macedonian police[28]
 1 wounded[29]
Raduša shootout

(2010)

  NLA veterans   Macedonia Raduša, Saraj Defeat
  • Armed group neutralized
  • Weapons and uniforms seized
 4
Macedonian government building attack

(2014)

  AKSH   Macedonia Skopje Part of building façade was damaged[30] 0
Gošince attack

(2015)

  NLA veterans   Macedonia Gošince Hostages released[31][32]
  • NLA veterans withdraw from Gošince border post
  • Macedonian police control of the border post restored[33]
 0
Kumanovo clashes

(2015)

  NLA veterans   Macedonia Kumanovo Defeat[34]
  • Firefight erupted in Kumanovo
  • Suppression of the armed group by Macedonian police and armed forces
  • Rebels flee after 10 rebels killed and 30 arrested
 10

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Independent International Commission on Kosovo (2000). The Kosovo Report (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0199243099. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-04-11. Retrieved 2020-08-10.
  2. ^ Quackenbush, Stephen L. (2015). International Conflict: Logic and Evidence. Los Angeles: Sage. p. 202. ISBN 9781452240985. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  3. ^ "Roots of the Insurgency in Kosovo" (PDF). June 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-25. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  4. ^ Reitman, Valerie; Richter, Paul; Dahlburg, John-Thor (1999-06-10). "Yugoslav, NATO Generals Sign Peace Agreement for Kosovo / Alliance will end air campaign when Serbian troops pull out". SFGATE. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
  5. ^ Biddle, Stephen; Bacevich, Andrew J.; Cohen, Eliot A.; Lambeth, Benjamin S.; Hosmer, Stephen T. (2002). "The New Way of War? Debating the Kosovo Model". Foreign Affairs. 81 (3): 138. doi:10.2307/20033168. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20033168.
  6. ^ Dixon, Paul (December 2003). "Victory by spin? Britain, the US and the propaganda war over Kosovo". Civil Wars. 6 (4): 83–106. doi:10.1080/13698240308402556. ISSN 1369-8249. S2CID 143143711.
  7. ^ Koktsidis, Pavlos Ioannis (2012-01-30). Strategic Rebellion. Peter Lang UK. doi:10.3726/978-3-0353-0260-8. ISBN 978-3-0353-0260-8.
  8. ^ David Holley (25 May 2001). "Yugoslavia Occupies Last of Kosovo Buffer". LA Times. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  9. ^ Schonauer, Scott (26 May 2001). "Yugoslav troops advance in buffer zone, brace for backlash from top rebel's death". pstripes.osd.mil. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007.
  10. ^ Brunnbauer, Ulf (2002). "The implementation of the Ohrid Agreement: Ethnic Macedonian resentments" (PDF). Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe (1/2002). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-05-18.
  11. ^ "Remains of Macedonians found in mass grave". The New York Times. Agence France-Presse. 22 November 2001. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022. The excavation was ordered by Interior Minister Ljube Boskovski, a hard-line Macedonian nationalist, who sent a special police unit to the area
  12. ^ "Macedonia erupts in new violence". CNN.com. CNN. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022. Bloodshed erupted on Sunday after special police units crossed unguarded cease-fire lines and secured an alleged mass grave site for exhumation while arresting a number of former ethnic Albanian guerrillas.
  13. ^ "Macedonia erupts in new violence". CNN.com. CNN. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022. SKOPJE, Macedonia -- Three policemen have been killed and about 100 Macedonians abducted or held hostage in a sudden escalation of violence in the volatile Balkan country.
  14. ^ "Rebels kill three policemen in Macedonia". The Guardian. Associated Press. 13 November 2001. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022. Three policemen have been killed and about 100 people abducted or held hostage in a sudden escalation of violence in Macedonia. The interior minister, Ljube Boskovski, said that all captives were reported released by midday yesterday.
  15. ^ "Kidnappings threaten Macedonia peace". BBC News.
  16. ^ a b "Preševo: Povređen pripadnik Žandarmerije, ubijen vehabija". Večernje Novosti. 25 January 2014.
  17. ^ ""Komandant Naci" napada Žandarmeriju". RTS. 23 July 2009.
  18. ^ "Napad na Žandarmeriju u okolini Bujanovca". RTS. 9 July 2009.
  19. ^ "Preševo: Uklonjen spomenik albanskim borcima". Aljazeera. 20 January 2013.
  20. ^ Janković, Srđan (2008-08-05). "Slučaj "Orlov let": kazna za sve optužene". Radio Slobodna Evropa (in Serbo-Croatian). Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  21. ^ "Đeljošaj: Malesija nikad neće zaboraviti mučenje, doći će dan pravde". vijesti.me (in Serbian). Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  22. ^ Tomović, Predrag (2016-10-25). "Predizborna hapšenja u Crnoj Gori: Od Ramba do "orlovog leta"". Radio Slobodna Evropa (in Serbo-Croatian). Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  23. ^ Brujić, Đ. "Za "Orlov let" 51 godinu zatvora". Politika Online. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  24. ^ "Macedonian Special Police Eliminate Armed Albanian Group with Paramilitary, Wahhabi Ties, Seizing Massive Arsenal". Balkan Analysis. November 11, 2007.
  25. ^ "Amnesty: Macedonia report 2008". Amnesty International. 2008.
  26. ^ "4 killed in shoot-out on Macedonia-Kosovo border". Chinadaily. Retrieved 16 October 2022. Earlier this month, a former ethnic Albanian rebel group, the National Liberation Army, claimed responsibility for another shootout in the border area, which it said killed a Macedonian soldier. The Macedonian government had said nobody had been hurt in that shooting.
  27. ^ Sinisa Jakov Marusic (6 May 2010). "NATO: Weapons Cache in Macedonia "Worrying"". Balkan Insight (BIRN).
  28. ^ "Four Reported Killed In Shoot-Out On Macedonia-Kosovo Border". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). 12 May 2010.
  29. ^ Jakov Marusic, Sinisa (30 April 2010). "Macedonia Uncovers Additional Weapons Stash". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 16 October 2022. Unofficially local media reported that several armed and uniformed men who were guarding the weapons on Thursday opened fire on the special police forces after which they fled to Kosovo. Local A1 TV reported at least one armed man was wounded by police. The arsenal of arms found yesterday reportedly contained many weapons, including machine guns, manual missile launchers, anti-tank mines, explosives, and detonators. Interior Ministry spokesman Ivo Kotevski said the police unit "Tigers" launched the operation on early Thursday following intelligence reports on stored weapons several kilometers northeast of Blace village near the Blace border crossing.
  30. ^ Sinisa Jakov Marusic (7 November 2014). "'Liberation Army' Claims it Shelled Macedonian Govt". Balkan Insight (BIRN).
  31. ^ Sinisa Jakov Marusic (21 April 2015). "Macedonia Claims Kosovo Albanians Attacked Border Post". Balkan Insight (BIRN).
  32. ^ "Armed Men With UCK Insignia Seize Macedonian Border Post Near Kosovo". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). RFE/RL's Balkan Service. 21 April 2015.
  33. ^ Konstantin Testorides (21 April 2015). "Macedonian police say border watchtower attacked". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015.
  34. ^ "Macedonia charges 30 alleged ethnic Albanian militants over weekend battle that killed 22". Fox News. Associated Press. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
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