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Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh

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This article is about a town in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh. For the village in Nalanda district, Bihar, see Kundalpur, Bihar.

Kundalpur is a town located in Damoh district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Located 37 kilometres (23 miles) northeast of the city of Damoh, Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Digambar Jains.[1][2][3][4]

Kundalpur Atishay Kshetra, Kundalgiri
Kundalpur
Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur
Religion
AffiliationJainism
DeityRishabhanatha
FestivalsMahavir Janma Kalyanak
Governing bodyShri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
Location
LocationDamoh district, Madhya Pradesh
Kundalpur
Kundalpur
Shown within Madhya Pradesh
Geographic coordinates23°59′06″N 79°43′12″E / 23.984944°N 79.719957°E / 23.984944; 79.719957
Architecture
Date established8th century
Completed10th century
Temple(s)63
Website
www.shreebadebaba.com

Location

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Nearby cities include Damoh 37 kilometres (23 miles), Sagar 113 kilometres (70 miles), and Jabalpur 143 kilometres (89 miles). The nearest railway station is located at Damoh, and the nearest airport is Jabalpur Airport.

Annual fair

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The Kundalpur Fair takes place in the month of March, beginning with the annual gathering of Jains, immediately after the Festival of Colours, and lasts for two weeks. [5][6]

Architecture

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Further information: Bade Baba temple

There is a large statue of Rishabhanatha (also known as "Bade Baba" and "Adinath") on top of the hill in Kundalpur. The statue, seated in the lotus position, is 15 feet in height and is on a 3-foot high pedestal.[7] It is flanked on both sides by Parshvanatha images of the same height. The statue was incorrectly identified in 1878 by Joseph David Beglar, who noted the inscription mounted on the wall, as of Neminatha.[3] The statue was again incorrectly identified in 1884 by Alexander Cunningham as an image of Mahavira.[1] Niraj Jain established that the statue is in fact of Rishabhanatha.[8] This is also the place of salvation of the last Kevali, named Shridhar Kevali.[9] Photographs of the Bade Baba statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars, and posters.

Among all the temples of Kundalpur, the most famous is the Bade Baba temple, with Rishabhanatha (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. Another temple — called Jal Mandir — is situated in the middle of Vardhamana pond, at the foot of the hill. A Samosharana temple was built that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the parinirvana of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A manastambha in the center of the dharmashala was constructed in 1975.

History

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According to Alexander Cunningham, in 1884 there were 20 temples on the hill and 30 temples at the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhamana Talao".[1] The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.[1][10]

The original Bade Baba temple, estimated to date from the 6th century CE, was the oldest temple at Kundalpur. It included smaller shrines and temples, and was enclosed within a fortified compound with tall rubble masonry walls on top of the hill. The main garbhagrih contained the Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.[11] According to an inscription in the temple,[12] the temple was renovated by the disciples of Bhattaraka Surendrakirti, with assistance from Bundela ruler Chhatrasal.[13] The 4th line of the inscription — which is dated 31 December 1700 CE — mentions the name of Mahavira, and line 8 mentions the terms Jina Marga (the "path to liberation") and Jinadharma.[1]

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  •  
    Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
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    A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
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    Temple below hill, 19th century.
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    Samavasarana temple, 1974 AD
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    Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
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    Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry[14] with native teak trees
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    Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
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    Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple Katni
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    Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jain temples in Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Alexander Cunningham 1885, pp. 166–7.
  2. ^ von Glasenapp 1925, p. 56.
  3. ^ a b Beglar 1878, p. 30.
  4. ^ Russell 2018, p. 399.
  5. ^ Hunter 1881, p. 30.
  6. ^ Grant 1870, p. 249.
  7. ^ Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613
  8. ^ Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.
  9. ^ Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.
  10. ^ Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 125.
  11. ^ Dr. Sudha Malaiya, p. 155
  12. ^ Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13
  13. ^ Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914
  14. ^ Schildkamp, Martijn; Silvestri, Stefano; Araki, Yoshikazu (2020). "Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide". Frontiers in Built Environment. 6. doi:10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520. ISSN 2297-3362.

Sources

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