The Jwauijeong (Korean: 좌의정; Korean pronunciation: [tɕwa.ɰi.dʑʌŋ]), also known as the Left State Councilor[citation needed] or Second State Councilor,[1][2] was a member of the Uijeongbu. The Jwauijeong was subordinate in rank only to the Yeonguijeong, the highest-ranking official of the Joseon government, during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910).[3] Only one official was appointed to the position and was variously referred to as Jwasang, Jwajeongseung, Jwagyu, Jwahap, or Jwadae.[3]
| Jwauijeong | |
 Portrait of Ha Yeon who served as Jwauijeong during the King Sejong's reign. | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 좌의정; 좌상; 좌정승; 좌규; 좌합; 좌대 |
| Hanja | 左議政; 左相; 左政丞; 左揆; 左閤; 左臺 |
| Revised Romanization | jwauijeong; jwasang; jwajeongseung; jwagyu; jwahap; jwadae |
| McCune–Reischauer | chwaŭijŏng; chwasang; chwajŏngsŭng; chwagyu; chwahap; chwadae |
Since its foundation, the Joseon dynasty, which had succeeded to the state apparatus of the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392), had been adjusting its government organization. In 1400, the second year after King Jeongjong came to the throne, he renamed the Dopyeong Assembly (都評議事司),[4] the highest organ in charge of the state affairs of Goryeo, to Uijeongbu and created the post of Jwauijeong along with that of Uuijeong (Third State Councilor) and Yeonguijeong (Chief State Councilor).[5] The three officials were collectively referred to as the Samjeongseung ('three top officials')[6] or the Samuijeong ('three high councilors').[3]
List of Left State Councilors
edit| Name | In office | Kings | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name in English | Name in Hangul | Name in Hanja | |||
| Pae Kŭngnyŏm | 배극렴 | 裵克廉 | 1392 | Taejo | as Munha Jwasijung (문하좌시중) |
| Cho Chun | 조준 | 趙浚 | 1392-1399 | Taejo | as Munha Jwajeongseung (문하좌정승) |
| Sim Tŏkpu | 심덕부 | 沈德符 | 1399-1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Sŏng Sŏkrin | 성석린 | 成石璘 | 1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Min Che | 민제 | 閔霽 | 1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Yi Kŏi | 이거이 | 李居易 | 1400-1401 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Kim Sahyŏng | 김사형 | 金士衡 | 1401-1402 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1402-1404 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Cho Chun | 조준 | 趙浚 | 1404-1405 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1405-1407 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Sŏng Sŏkrin | 성석린 | 成石璘 | 1407-1412 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1412-1414 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Nam Chae | 남재 | 南在 | 1414-1415 | Taejong | |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1415-1416 | Taejong | |
| Yu Chŏnghyŏn | 유정현 | 柳廷顯 | 1416 | Taejong | |
| Pak Ŭn | 박은 | 朴訔 | 1416-1421 | Taejong | |
| Yi Wŏn | 이원 | 李原 | 1421-1426 | Sejong | |
| Yu Chŏnghyŏn | 류정현 | 柳廷顯 | 1426 | Taejong | |
| Yi Chik | 이직 | 李稷 | 1426-1427 | Sejong | |
| Hwang Hui | 황희 | 黃喜 | 1427-1430 | Sejong | |
| Maeng Sasŏng | 맹사성 | 孟思誠 | 1431-1435 | Sejong | |
| Ch'oe Yundŏk | 최윤덕 | 崔閏德 | 1435-1436 | Sejong | |
| Hŏ Cho | 허조 | 許稠 | 1439 | Sejong | |
| Sin Kae | 신개 | 申槩 | 1445-1446 | Sejong | |
| Ha Yŏn | 하연 | 河演 | 1447-1449 | Sejong | |
| Hwangbo In | 황보인 | 皇甫仁 | 1449-1451 | Sejong | |
| Nam Chi | 남지 | 南智 | 1451-1452 | Munjong | |
| Kim Chongsŏ | 김종서 | 金宗瑞 | 1452-1453 | Danjong | |
| Chŏng Inji | 정인지 | 鄭麟趾 | 1453-1455 | Danjong | |
| Han Hwak | 한확 | 韓確 | 1455-1456 | Sejo | |
| Yi Sach'ŏl | 이사철 | 李思哲 | 1456 | Sejo | |
| Chŏng Ch'angson | 정창손 | 鄭昌孫 | 1457-1458 | Sejo | |
| Kang Maenggyŏng | 강맹경 | 姜孟卿 | 1458-1459 | Sejo | |
| Sin Suk-ju | 신숙주 | 申叔舟 | 1459-1462 | Sejo | |
| Kwŏn Ram | 권람 | 權擥 | 1462-1463 | Sejo | |
| Han Myŏnghoe | 한명회 | 韓明澮 | 1463-1464 | Sejo | |
| Ku Ch'ikwan | 구치관 | 具致寬 | 1464-1466 | Sejo | |
| Hwang Su-sin | 황수신 | 黃守身 | 1466 | Sejo | |
| Sim Hoe | 심회 | 沈澮 | 1466-1467 | Sejo | |
| Choe Hang | 최항 | 崔恒 | 1467 | Sejo | |
| Cho Sŏk-mun | 조석문 | 曺錫文 | 1467 | Sejo | |
| Hong Tal-son | 홍달손 | 洪達孫 | 1467-1468 | Sejo | |
| Pak Wŏn-hyŏng | 박원형 | 朴元亨 | 1468 | Sejo | |
| Kim Chil | 김질 | 金礩 | 1468-1469 | Yejong | |
| Hong Yunsŏng | 홍윤성 | 洪允成 | 1469 | Yejong | |
| Yun Chaun | 윤자운 | 尹子雲 | 1469-1470 | Yejong | |
| Kim Kukgwang | 김국광 | 金國光 | 1470-1471 | Seongjong | |
| Choe Hang | 최항 | 崔恒 | 1471-1474 | Seongjong | |
| Han Myŏnghoe | 한명회 | 韓明澮 | 1474-1476 | Seongjong | |
| Cho Sŏk-mun | 조석문 | 曺錫文 | 1476 | Seongjong | |
| Sim Hoe | 심회 | 沈澮 | 1476-1479 | Seongjong | |
| Yun P'il-sang | 윤필상 | 尹弼商 | 1479-1485 | Seongjong | |
| Hong Ŭng | 홍응 | 洪應 | 1485-1492 | Seongjong | |
| No Sa-sin | 노사신 | 盧思愼 | 1492-1495 | Seongjong | |
| Sin Sŭngsŏn | 신승선 | 愼承善 | 1495 | Yeonsangun | |
| Chŏng Kwal | 정괄 | 鄭佸 | 1495 | Yeonsangun | |
| Ŏ Segyŏm | 어세겸 | 魚世謙 | 1496-1498 | Yeonsangun | |
| Han Ch'ihyŏng | 한치형 | 韓致亨 | 1498-1500 | Yeonsangun | |
| Sŏng Chun | 성준 | 成俊 | 1500-1503 | Yeonsangun | |
| Yi Kŭkkyun | 이극균 | 李克均 | 1503-1504 | Yeonsangun | |
| Yu Sun | 유순 | 柳洵 | 1504 | Yeonsangun | |
| Hŏ Ch'im | 허침 | 許琛 | 1504-1505 | Yeonsangun | |
| Pak Sungjil | 박숭질 | 朴崇質 | 1505-1506 | Yeonsangun | |
| Sin Sugŭn | 신수근 | 愼守勤 | 1506 | Yeonsangun | |
| Kim Su-dong | 김수동 | 金壽童 | 1506 | Jungjong | |
| Pak Wŏnjong | 박원종 | 朴元宗 | 1506-1509 | Jungjong | |
| Yu Sunjŏng | 유순정 | 柳順汀 | 1509-1512 | Jungjong | |
| Sŏng Hŭian | 성희안 | 成希顔 | 1512-1513 | Jungjong | |
| Song Chil | 송질 | 宋軼 | 1513 | Jungjong | |
| Chŏng Kwangp'il | 정광필 | 鄭光弼 | 1513-1516 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Ŭnggi | 김응기 | 金應箕 | 1516-1518 | Jungjong | |
| Sin Yong-gae | 신용개 | 申用漑 | 1518-1519 | Jungjong | |
| An Tang | 안당 | 安瑭 | 1519 | Jungjong | |
| Nam Kon | 남곤 | 南袞 | 1519-1523 | Jungjong | |
| Yi Yuch'ŏng | 이유청 | 李惟淸 | 1523-1527 | Jungjong | |
| Chŏng Kwangp'il | 정광필 | 鄭光弼 | 1527 | Jungjong | |
| Sim Chŏng | 심정 | 沈貞 | 1527-1530 | Jungjong | |
| Yi Hang | 이항 | 李沆 | 1530-1531 | Jungjong | |
| Chang Sun-son | 장순손 | 張順孫 | 1531-1533 | Jungjong | |
| Han Hyo-wŏn | 한효원 | 韓效元 | 1533-1534 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Kŭnsa | 김근사 | 金謹思 | 1534-1535 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Allo | 김안로 | 金安老 | 1535-1537 | Jungjong | |
| Yun Ŭnbo | 윤은보 | 尹殷輔 | 1537 | Jungjong | |
| Yu Pu | 유부 | 柳溥 | 1537 | Jungjong | |
| Hong Ŏnp'il | 홍언필 | 洪彦弼 | 1537-1545 | Jungjong | |
| Yun In-gyŏng | 윤인경 | 尹仁鏡 | 1545 | Injong | |
| Yu Kwan | 유관 | 柳灌 | 1545 | Injong | |
| Sŏng Sech'ang | 성세창 | 成世昌 | 1545 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Ki | 이기 | 李芑 | 1545-1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Hong Ŏnp'il | 홍언필 | 洪彦弼 | 1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Yun In-gyŏng | 윤인경 | 尹仁鏡 | 1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Hwang Hŏn | 황헌 | 黃憲 | 1548-1549 | Myeongjong | |
| Sim Yŏn-wŏn | 심연원 | 沈連源 | 1549-1551 | Myeongjong | |
| Sang Chin | 상진 | 尙震 | 1551-1558 | Myeongjong | |
| Yun Kae | 윤개 | 尹漑 | 1558 | Myeongjong | |
| An Hyŏn | 안현 | 安玹 | 1558-1560 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Chungyŏng | 이준경 | 李浚慶 | 1560-1564 | Myeongjong | |
| Sim T'ong-wŏn | 심통원 | 沈通源 | 1564-1565 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Myŏng | 이명 | 李蓂 | 1565-1567 | Myeongjong, Seonjo | |
| Kwon Ch'ŏl | 권철 | 權轍 | 1567-1571 | Seonjo | |
| Hong Sŏm | 홍섬 | 洪暹 | 1571-1573 | Seonjo | |
| Pak Sun | 박순 | 朴淳 | 1573-1574 | Seonjo | |
| Yi T'ak | 이탁 | 李鐸 | 1574 | Seonjo | |
| Pak Sun | 박순 | 朴淳 | 1574-1576 | Seonjo | |
| Hong Sŏm | 홍섬 | 洪暹 | 1576-1578 | Seonjo | |
| No Su-sin | 노수신 | 盧守愼 | 1578-1581 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Kwi-yŏng | 김귀영 | 金貴榮 | 1581-1583 | Seonjo | |
| Chŏng Yu-gil | 정유길 | 鄭惟吉 | 1583-1584 | Seonjo | |
| No Su-sin | 노수신 | 盧守愼 | 1584-1585 | Seonjo | |
| Chŏng Yu-gil | 정유길 | 鄭惟吉 | 1585-1588 | Seonjo | |
| Yu Chŏn | 유전 | 柳琠 | 1588-1589 | Seonjo | |
| Yi San-hae | 이산해 | 李山海 | 1589-1590 | Seonjo | |
| Chŏng Ch'ŏl | 정철 | 鄭澈 | 1590-1591 | Seonjo | |
| Yu Sŏngnyong | 유성룡 | 柳成龍 | 1591-1592 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Yang-wŏn | 이양원 | 李陽元 | 1592 | Seonjo | |
| Ch'oe Hŭngwŏn | 최흥원 | 崔興源 | 1592 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Doo-su | 윤두수 | 尹斗壽 | 1592-1594 | Seonjo | |
| Yu Hong | 유홍 | 兪泓 | 1594 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Ŭngnam | 김응남 | 金應南 | 1595-1597 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Doo-su | 윤두수 | 尹斗壽 | 1598 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Wŏn-ik | 이원익 | 李元翼 | 1598 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Tŏkhyŏng | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1598-1599 | Seonjo | |
| Sim Su-gyŏng | 심수경 | 沈守慶 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Tŏkhyŏng | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Tŏkhyŏng | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hŏn-guk | 이헌국 | 李憲國 | 1599-1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Chŏng T'ak | 정탁 | 鄭琢 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Wŏn-ik | 이원익 | 李元翼 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hŏn-guk | 이헌국 | 李憲國 | 1600-1601 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Myeong-won | 김명원 | 金命元 | 1601-1602 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Sŭnghun | 윤승훈 | 尹承勳 | 1602-1604 | Seonjo | |
| Yu Yŏnggyŏng | 유영경 | 柳永慶 | 1604 | Seonjo | |
| Ki Chahŏn | 기자헌 | 奇自獻 | 1604-1606 | Seonjo | |
| Sim Hŭisu | 심희수 | 沈喜壽 | 1606 | Seonjo | |
| Hŏ Uk | 허욱 | 許頊 | 1606-1608 | Seonjo | |
| Ki Chahŏn | 기자헌 | 奇自獻 | 1608 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1608-1611 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Tŏkhyŏng | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1611-1612 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1612-1613 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Chŏng Inhong | 정인홍 | 鄭仁弘 | 1614-1617 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Chŏng Ch'angyŏn | 정창연 | 鄭昌衍 | 1617-1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Han Hyo-sun | 한효순 | 韓孝純 | 1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Min Mong-ryong | 민몽룡 | 閔夢龍 | 1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Pak Sŭng-jong | 박승종 | 朴承宗 | 1618-1619 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Pak Hong-gu | 박홍구 | 朴弘耉 | 1619-1623 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Chŏng Ch'angyŏn | 정창연 | 鄭昌衍 | 1623 | Injo | |
| Yun Pang | 윤방 | 尹昉 | 1623-1627 | Injo | |
| Sin Hŭm | 신흠 | 申欽 | 1627 | Injo | |
| O Yun-gyeom | 오윤겸 | 吳允謙 | 1627-1628 | Injo | |
| Kim Ryu | 김류 | 金瑬 | 1628-1631 | Injo | |
| Yi Chŏnggu | 이정구 | 李廷龜 | 1631-1632 | Injo | |
| Kim Ryu | 김류 | 金瑬 | 1633 | Injo | |
| O Yun'gyŏm | 오윤겸 | 吳允謙 | 1633-1636 | Injo | |
| Hong Sŏbong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1636-1637 | Injo | |
| Yi Sŏnggu | 이성구 | 李聖求 | 1637 | Injo | |
| Ch'oe Myŏnggil | 최명길 | 崔鳴吉 | 1637-1638 | Injo | |
| Sin Kyŏng-jin | 신경진 | 申景禛 | 1638-1643 | Injo | |
| Sin Yŏl | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1643 | Injo | |
| Sin Ki-wŏn | 심기원 | 沈器遠 | 1643 | Injo | |
| Kim Chajŏm | 김자점 | 金自點 | 1643-1644 | Injo | |
| Sin Yŏl | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1644 | Injo | |
| Hong Sŏbong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1644 | Injo | |
| Sin Yŏl | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1644-1645 | Injo | |
| Hong Sŏbong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1645 | Injo | |
| Kim Chajŏm | 김자점 | 金自點 | 1646 | Injo | |
| Kim Sang-hŏn | 김상헌 | 金尙憲 | 1646 | Injo | |
| Yi Kyŏng-sŏk | 이경석 | 李景奭 | 1647 | Injo | |
| Nam Iung | 남이웅 | 南以雄 | 1648 | Injo | |
| Yi Kyŏng-sŏk | 이경석 | 李景奭 | 1648-1649 | Injo | |
| Kim Sang-hŏn | 김상헌 | 金尙憲 | 1649 | Hyojong | |
| Chŏng T'aehwa | 정태화 | 鄭太和 | 1649 | Hyojong | |
| Cho Ik | 조익 | 趙翼 | 1649-1650 | Hyojong | |
| Chŏng T'aehwa | 정태화 | 鄭太和 | 1650 | Hyojong | |
| Cho Ik | 조익 | 趙翼 | 1649-1650 | Hyojong | |
| Yi Si-baek | 이시백 | 李時白 | 1650-1651 | Hyojong | |
| Kim Yuk | 김육 | 金堉 | 1651-1654 | Hyojong | |
| Yi Si-baek | 이시백 | 李時白 | 1654 | Hyojong | |
| Ku Inhu | 구인후 | 具仁垕 | 1654-1656 | Hyojong | |
| Sim Chiwŏn | 심지원 | 沈之源 | 1656-1657 | Hyojong | |
| Wŏn Tup'yo | 원두표 | 元斗杓 | 1657-1659 | Hyojong | |
| Sim Chiwŏn | 심지원 | 沈之源 | 1659-1662 | Hyeonjong | |
| Wŏn Tup'yo | 원두표 | 元斗杓 | 1662-1664 | Hyeonjong | |
| Hong Myŏngha | 홍명하 | 洪命夏 | 1664-1667 | Hyeonjong | |
| Hŏ Chŏk | 허적 | 許積 | 1667 | Hyeonjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1668 | Hyeonjong | |
| Hŏ Chŏk | 허적 | 許積 | 1668-1671 | Hyeonjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1671-1672 | Hyeonjong | |
| Song Si-yŏl | 송시열 | 宋時烈 | 1672 | Hyeonjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1672-1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Yi Kyŏngŏk | 이경억 | 李慶億 | 1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Song Si-yŏl | 송시열 | 宋時烈 | 1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1674 | Hyeonjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1674 | Hyeonjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1674-1675 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1675 | Sukjong | |
| Kwŏn Taeun | 권대운 | 權大運 | 1675-1679 | Sukjong | |
| Min Hŭi | 민희 | 閔熙 | 1679-1680 | Sukjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1680 | Sukjong | |
| Min Chŏng-jung | 민정중 | 閔鼎重 | 1680-1684 | Sukjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1684-1685 | Sukjong | |
| Min Chŏng-jung | 민정중 | 閔鼎重 | 1685 | Sukjong | |
| Chŏng Ch'ihwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1685 | Sukjong | |
| Nam Ku-man | 남구만 | 南九萬 | 1685-1687 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Tan-ha | 이단하 | 李端夏 | 1687 | Sukjong | |
| Cho Sasŏk | 조사석 | 趙師錫 | 1688-1689 | Sukjong | |
| Ye Sŏngje | 여성제 | 呂聖齊 | 1689 | Sukjong | |
| Mok Naesŏn | 목내선 | 睦來善 | 1689-1694 | Sukjong | |
| Min Am | 민암 | 閔黯 | 1694 | Sukjong | |
| Pak Se-ch'ae | 박세채 | 朴世采 | 1694-1695 | Sukjong | |
| Yu Sang-un | 유상운 | 柳尙運 | 1695-1696 | Sukjong | |
| Yun Chisŏn | 윤지선 | 尹趾善 | 1696-1698 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Se-baek | 이세백 | 李世白 | 1698-1699 | Sukjong | |
| Choi Seok-jeong | 최석정 | 崔錫鼎 | 1699 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Se-baek | 이세백 | 李世白 | 1700-1703 | Sukjong | |
| Sin Wan | 신완 | 申琓 | 1703 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Ye | 이여 | 李畲 | 1703-1705 | Sukjong | |
| Sŏ Chongt'ae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1706-1707 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Ch'ang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1707 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yu | 이유 | 李濡 | 1707-1708 | Sukjong | |
| Yi I-myŏng | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1709 | Sukjong | |
| Sŏ Chongt'ae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1709-1711 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Ch'ang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1711-1712 | Sukjong | |
| Sŏ Chongt'ae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1712 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yi-myŏng | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1713 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Chang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1713-1717 | Sukjong | |
| Yi I-myeong | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1717 | Sukjong | |
| Gwon Sang-ha | 권상하 | 權尙夏 | 1717-1720 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Kŏnmyŏng | 이건명 | 李健命 | 1720-1721 | Gyeongjong | |
| Ch'oe Kyusŏ | 최규서 | 崔奎瑞 | 1721-1723 | Gyeongjong | |
| Ch'oe Sŏkhang | 최석항 | 崔錫恒 | 1723-1724 | Gyeongjong | |
| Yi Kwang-jwa | 이광좌 | 李光佐 | 1724 | Yeongjo | |
| Yu Ponghwi | 유봉휘 | 柳鳳輝 | 1724-1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Tae-eok | 조태억 | 趙泰億 | 1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Chŏng Ho | 정호 | 鄭澔 | 1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Min Chinwŏn | 민진원 | 閔鎭遠 | 1725-1726 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Chi-jung | 홍치중 | 洪致中 | 1726-1727 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Tae-eok | 조태억 | 趙泰億 | 1727-1728 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Chi-jung | 홍치중 | 洪致中 | 1728-1729 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi T'ae-jwa | 이태좌 | 李台佐 | 1729 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Chip | 이집 | 李㙫 | 1730-1731 | Yeongjo | |
| Cho Munmyŏng | 조문명 | 趙文命 | 1732 | Yeongjo | |
| Sŏ Myŏnggyun | 서명균 | 徐命均 | 1732-1735 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Chaero | 김재로 | 金在魯 | 1735-1740 | Yeongjo | |
| Song In-myŏng | 송인명 | 宋寅明 | 1740-1746 | Yeongjo | |
| Chŏng Sŏko | 정석오 | 鄭錫五 | 1746-1747 | Yeongjo | |
| Cho Hyŏnmyŏng | 조현명 | 趙顯命 | 1747-1749 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yak-ro | 김약로 | 金若魯 | 1749-1751 | Yeongjo | |
| Cho Hyŏnmyŏng | 조현명 | 趙顯命 | 1751 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Chongsŏng | 이종성 | 李宗城 | 1752 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ch'ŏn-bo | 이천보 | 李天輔 | 1752-1754 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sangno | 김상로 | 金尙魯 | 1754-1758 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Man | 신만 | 申晩 | 1758-1759 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sangno | 김상로 | 金尙魯 | 1759 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Man | 신만 | 申晩 | 1759-1760 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Hu | 이후 | 李𪻶 | 1760-1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Pong-han | 홍봉한 | 洪鳳漢 | 1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Chŏng Hwiryang | 정휘량 | 鄭翬良 | 1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Pong-han | 홍봉한 | 洪鳳漢 | 1762-1763 | Yeongjo | |
| Yun Tong-do | 윤동도 | 尹東度 | 1763-1765 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-bok | 김상복 | 金相福 | 1765-1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Ch'i-in | 김치인 | 金致仁 | 1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Yun Tong-do | 윤동도 | 尹東度 | 1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1766-1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yang-t'aek | 김양택 | 金陽澤 | 1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yang-t'aek | 김양택 | 金陽澤 | 1768-1769 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-bok | 김상복 | 金相福 | 1769-1770 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1770-1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Hoe | 신회 | 申晦 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ch'angŭi | 이창의 | 李昌誼 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1772-1773 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1773-1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Sa-gwan | 이사관 | 李思觀 | 1774-1775 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong In-han | 홍인한 | 洪麟漢 | 1775 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Sa-gwan | 이사관 | 李思觀 | 1775-1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Hoe | 신회 | 申晦 | 1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1776 | Jeongjo | |
| Chŏng Chongyŏm | 정존겸 | 鄭存謙 | 1776 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ch'ŏl | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1776-1777 | Jeongjo | |
| Chŏng Chongyŏm | 정존겸 | 鄭存謙 | 1777-1778 | Jeongjo | |
| Sŏ Myŏngsŏn | 서명선 | 徐命善 | 1778-1779 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1779-1780 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Ŭn | 이은 | 李溵 | 1780 | Jeongjo | |
| Sŏ Myŏngsŏn | 서명선 | 徐命善 | 1780-1781 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1782 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Pokwŏn | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1782-1783 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1783 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Pokwŏn | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1783-1784 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1784-1786 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Pokwŏn | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1786-1787 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Chaehyŏp | 이재협 | 李在協 | 1787-1788 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Sŏngwŏn | 이성원 | 李性源 | 1788-1789 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Chaehyŏp | 이재협 | 李在協 | 1789 | Jeongjo | |
| Chae Je-gong | 채제공 | 蔡濟恭 | 1789-1793 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim Chong-su | 김종수 | 金鍾秀 | 1793 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim I-so | 김이소 | 金履素 | 1793-1795 | Jeongjo | |
| Yu Ŏnho | 유언호 | 兪彦鎬 | 1795 | Jeongjo | |
| Chae Je-gong | 채제공 | 蔡濟恭 | 1795-1798 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Pyŏng-mo | 이병모 | 李秉模 | 1798-1799 | Jeongjo | |
| Sim Hwan-ji | 심환지 | 沈煥之 | 1799-1800 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1800-1802 | Sunjo | |
| Sŏ Yongbo | 서용보 | 徐龍輔 | 1803-1804 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1804 | Sunjo | |
| Sŏ Mae-su | 서매수 | 徐邁修 | 1804-1805 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Kyŏng-il | 이경일 | 李敬一 | 1805 | Sunjo | |
| Han Yong-gwi | 한용귀 | 韓用龜 | 1805-1806 | Sunjo | |
| Sŏ Yongbo | 서용보 | 徐龍輔 | 1806 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1806-1808 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Chaech'an | 김재찬 | 金載瓚 | 1808-1812 | Sunjo | |
| Han Yong-gwi | 한용귀 | 韓用龜 | 1812-1817 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Chaech'an | 김재찬 | 金載瓚 | 1817 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Sa-mok | 김사목 | 金思穆 | 1819 | Sunjo | |
| Nam Kongch'ŏl | 남공철 | 南公轍 | 1821-1822 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Sang-hwang | 이상황 | 李相璜 | 1824-1829 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Chonsu | 이존수 | 李存秀 | 1829 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Sang-hwang | 이상황 | 李相璜 | 1829-1833 | Sunjo | |
| Sim Sang-gyu | 심상규 | 沈象奎 | 1833-1834 | Sunjo | |
| Hong Sŏk-ju | 홍석주 | 洪奭周 | 1834-1836 | Sunjo, Heonjong | |
| Pak Chonghun | 박종훈 | 朴宗薰 | 1837-1838 | Heonjong | |
| Kim Honggŭn | 김홍근 | 金弘根 | 1838-1842 | Heonjong | |
| Chŏng Wŏnyong | 정원용 | 鄭元容 | 1842-1843 | Heonjong | |
| Kwŏn Tonin | 권돈인 | 權敦仁 | 1843-1845 | Heonjong | |
| Kim Tohŭi | 김도희 | 金道喜 | 1845-1850 | Heonjong, Cheoljong | |
| Chŏng Wŏnyong | 정원용 | 鄭元容 | 1850 | Cheoljong | |
| Kim Hŭnggŭn | 김흥근 | 金興根 | 1851 | Cheoljong | |
| Pak Yŏngwŏn | 박영원 | 朴永元 | 1852 | Cheoljong | |
| Yi Hŏn-gu | 이헌구 | 李憲球 | 1852-1853 | Cheoljong | |
| Kim Tohŭi | 김도희 | 金道喜 | 1856-1857 | Cheoljong | |
| Cho Tusun | 조두순 | 趙斗淳 | 1858 | Cheoljong | |
| Pak Hoe-su | 박회수 | 朴晦壽 | 1859-1860 | Cheoljong | |
| Cho Tusun | 조두순 | 趙斗淳 | 1860-1864 | Cheoljong, Gojong | |
| Yi Yu-wŏn | 이유원 | 李裕元 | 1864-1865 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏng-hak | 김병학 | 金炳學 | 1865-1867 | Gojong | |
| Yu Hu-jo | 유후조 | 柳厚祚 | 1867 | Gojong | |
| Yi Yu-wŏn | 이유원 | 李裕元 | 1868 | Gojong | |
| Kang Ro | 강로 | 姜㳣 | 1872-1873 | Gojong | |
| Yi Ch'oe-ŭng, Prince Hŭngin | 흥인군 이최응 | 興寅君 李最應 | 1874-1875 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏng-guk | 김병국 | 金炳國 | 1878-1882 | Gojong | |
| Sŏ Tangbo | 서당보 | 徐堂輔 | 1882 | Gojong | |
| Song Kŭn-su | 송근수 | 宋近洙 | 1882 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏng-guk | 김병국 | 金炳國 | 1882-1884 | Gojong | |
| Yi Chae-wŏn, Prince Wan-rim | 완림군 이재원 | 完林君 李載元 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Sim Sunt'aek | 심순택 | 沈舜澤 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏngdŏk | 김병덕 | 金炳德 | 1885 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏngsi | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏngsi | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1887-1888 | Gojong | |
| Kim Pyŏngsi | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1888 | Gojong | |
| Song Kŭn-su | 송근수 | 宋近洙 | 1892 | Gojong | |
| Cho Pyŏng-se | 조병세 | 趙秉世 | 1893-1894 | Gojong | last Jwauijeong |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "좌의정(左議政 ), Jwauijeong". The Academy of Korean Studies (in Korean and English). Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ Choi (2006), The Origin of the Roman Catholic Church in Korea p. 372
- ^ a b c 좌의정 (左議政) (in Korean). Empas /EncyKorea. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "도평의사사 (都評議使司), Dopyeonguisasa" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "우의정(右議政), uuijeong" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
- ^ "정승(政丞), Jeongseung" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
- Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-61575-1.
- Choi, Jai-Keun (2006). The Origin of the Roman Catholic Church in Korea. The Hermit Kingdom Press. ISBN 1-59689-064-9.