Wikipedia

Jaisal Singh

Jaisal Singh Bhati (1113–1168) was the founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer. Jaisal was a Rajput chief of the Bhati clan who lived during the 12th century and founded the city of Jaisalmer and became the Rawal of Kingdom of Jaisalmer.[1]

Jaisal Singh
Rawal of Jaisalmer
Portrait of Rawal Jaisal inside Jaisalmer Fort
PredecessorBhojraj as the Rawal of Lodhruva (1147-1152)
SuccessorShalivahan II as the Rawal of Jaisalmer (1168-1190)
BornJaisal Singh Bhati
1113
Died1168
Spouse
  • Sodhiji (Parmarji) of Thar Parkar
  • Pratiharji Udai Deiji of Nagaur
  • Chauhanji Vilay Deiji of Nimrana
  • Vagheliji of Pawagarh
  • Parmarji
Issue
  • Rawal Kalyan
  • Rawal Shalivahan II
  • Hemraj
  • Shyam Deiji
HouseBhati
FatherDusaj (1098-1122)
ReligionHinduism

Ancestry

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Jaisal Singh Bhati belonged to an ancient lineage.[1] He was a direct descendant of Rao Bhatti, a 3rd-century Hindu monarch and the common ancestor of the Bhati Rajput clan.[2] The first monarch in Singh's ancestry to have the title of Rawal was Devraj of Derawar, his ancestor in the 9th century.[3] Devraj built the Derawar Fort in the modern-day Bahawalpur District, Punjab, in Pakistan.[3]

Mythological ancestry

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Singh and his descendants also claim direct descent from Yadu, a mythological Hindu king, and, as per Hindu mythological texts, the founder of the Yadu dynasty branch of the legendary Lunar dynasty.[4][2][5]

Early life and rise to power

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Jaisal Singh was born in 1113. His father Dusaj, was the Rawal of Lodhruva.[6] After Dusaj's death, his younger brother Bijai Rai II was appointed Rawal over Jaisal and his other elder brother.[6] Bijai Rai II married the daughter of King Jayasimha Siddharaja of the Chaulukya dynasty, and their son, Bhojdeo, succeeded his father as Rawal in 1143.[6] In the same year, Singh began to conspire against his nephew Bhojdeo; however, Bhojdeo's personal guard of 500 Chaulukya warriors made it impossible for Singh to attack his nephew.[6] Singh then allied with the Persianate Islamic Ghurid dynasty, who provided the forces Singh needed to attack Bhojdeo and his capital Lodhruva.[6] In 1143, Singh, with the help of the Ghurid dynasty forces, sacked Lodhruva, and Bhojdeo died in battle.[6]

Within the year of 1143, Singh had become the Rawal.[6] However, Singh would later move his capital from Lodhruva as he found the area ill-defended.[6]

Founding of Jaisalmer

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In 1156, Singh founded the city of Jaisalmer, Kingdom of Jaisalmer, and began the construction of Jaisalmer Fort.[7]

Building Jaisalmer Fort

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In 1156, Singh met a hermit named Eesaal, who told him a legend from the Hindu epic, Mahabharata.[8][9] Eesaal told Singh that the Hindu deity Krishna, during the Kurukshetra War, wandered the desert with the Pandava Arjuna and prophesied that a citadel would be founded by a descendant of the Yadu dynasty on top of Trikuta Hill, a triple-peaked desert hill in what is now the modern-day city of Jaisalmer.[8][9]

After hearing the legend, Singh decided to build a fort at that location and began the construction of Jaisalmer Fort in 1156.[8][9] The name of the city of Jaisalmer and its fort is a combination of Jaisal's name and Mount Meru, a sacred mountain in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology.[8] Singh also chose Trikuta Hill for the location of Jaisalmer Fort because it would provide protection from other Bhati Rajput rivals and Muslims who had begun to make inroads into the Thar Desert.[9] Jaisalmer Fort's construction was completed in 1171, three years after Singh's death.[9]

Legacy

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Singh's descendants intermingled in the regions of Punjab, Haryana, and Pakistan.[10] Through his descendants, Singh is the direct ancestor of the royal families of Patiala, Nabha, Jind, Kapurthala, and Faridkot.[11][12][13] Through Singh's descendants that were members of the Patiala royal family, he is also the direct ancestor of various members of the Khanna family.[11][14][15][16]

See also

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History of Jaisalmer

References

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  1. ^ a b Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). London: B. Quaritch. pp. 406–407.
  2. ^ a b Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 325. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b Clogstown, H.C. (1912). Provinical Gazetteers Of India Rajputana Jaisalmer State. pp. 207–211.
  4. ^ Todd, James (2008). Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 2 of 3 or the Central and Western Rajput States of India. Project Gutenberg. p. 1169. ISBN 978-8174365798.
  5. ^ Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1900). The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon. London: S. Low, Marston & Company. p. 112.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Erskine, K. D. (1909). A Gazetteer Of The Jaisalmer State And Some Statistical Tables. Ajmer: Scottish Mission Industries. pp. 11–12.
  7. ^ Naravane, M. S. (1999). The Rajputs of Rajputana: A Glimpse of Medieval Rajasthan. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-81-7648-118-2.
  8. ^ a b c d Elborough, Travis (16 January 2024). Atlas of Unexpected Places: Haphazard Discoveries, Chance Places and Unimaginable Destinations (Paperback ed.). London: Aurum. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7112-9083-9.
  9. ^ a b c d e Manchanda, Bindu (2001). Jaisalmer : the city of golden sands and strange spirits. New Delhi: New Delhi : HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 24. ISBN 978-81-7223-434-8 – via Internet Archive.
  10. ^ Singh, Khushwant (24 July 2016). "Punjabi by nature: Punjab's Game of Thrones". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  11. ^ a b Singh, Kirpal (2005). Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 113–120.
  12. ^ Singha, H. S. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries). New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  13. ^ Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 232–242. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  14. ^ "Arvind Khanna Bereaved". PressReader. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  15. ^ "Representation from Lt.Col Kunwar Brijindra Singh,the younger brother of H.H. Maharaja of Patiala regarding -1).Cut in his monthly allowance. 2). Restoration of Jewellery of his wife and his mother and a House in Chail. 3).Share from Trust fund of Rs.16 Lakhs for marriage of Members of H.H. family". Indian Culture. 1954. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024 – via National Archives of India.
  16. ^ Rana, Mahendra Singh (2006). India Votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Elections 2001–2005. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-647-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2024.

Further reading

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  • Martinelli, Antonio; Michell, George (2005). The Palaces of Rajasthan. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 271 pages. ISBN 978-0-7112-2505-3.
  • Beny, Roland; Matheson, Sylvia A. (1984). Rajasthan - Land of Kings. London: Frederick Muller. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-584-95061-6.
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