Aisin Gioro Hongyan (弘曕; 9 May 1733 – 27 April 1765), formally known as Prince Guo, was an imperial prince of the Manchu ruled Qing Dynasty. He was the sixth son of Yongzheng Emperor.
| Hongyan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Guo of the Second Rank | |||||||||
 Portrait of Hongyan | |||||||||
| Prince Guo (果王) | |||||||||
| Reign | 1738–1765 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Yunli | ||||||||
| Successor | Yongtu | ||||||||
| Born | Aisin Gioro Hongyan (愛新覺羅 弘曕) 9 May 1733 Old Summer Palace,Beijing | ||||||||
| Died | 27 April 1765 (aged 31) Beijing | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| Consorts | Lady Fangiya | ||||||||
| Issue | Yongtu, Prince Guojian of the Second Rank Yongcan, General of the First Rank Third son | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Aisin Gioro | ||||||||
| Father | Yongzheng Emperor | ||||||||
| Mother | Consort Qian | ||||||||
| Hongyan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 弘曕 | ||||||
| |||||||
Life edit
Hongyan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the sixth son of the Yongzheng Emperor.His mother was Consort Qian (謙妃) of the Liugiya clan (劉氏), daughter of Liu Man (刘满), an official in the Qing imperial court.
When Yongzheng died, Hongyan was just 6 years old and the responsibility of educating Hongyan was taken by the Qianlong Emperor.[1] Hongyan loved the Yuanming Yuan so much that his nickname was Yuanming Yuan Prince.[2]
In February 1738, Hongyan was granted the title of Prince Guo of the First Rank (果恭郡王).[2] The Qianlong Emperor was fond of him and trusted him with many important affairs.[2][3] In 1759, Hongyan served as a colonel (都統) in the Bordered White Banner and in 1761, as commandant in the Han Bordered Blue Banner.[4]
On May 13 in the 28th year of the Qianlong Emperor, Hongyan asked Gao Heng to sell ginseng due to debts to the salt merchant Jiang Qixi.When the emperor found, Hongyan was downgraded to Prince of the Third Rank and withdrew from the official posts.
In February 1765, Hongyan became sick with a serious illness and the Qianlong Emperor granted the title of Prince of the Second Rank to him.[5]
On 27 April 1765, Hongyan died and was posthumously honoured as Prince Guo Gong of the Second Rank (果恭郡王)[6][5] and be buried with the rites of a prince of the first rank. The Qianlong Emperor didn't personally attend his funeral but designed one of his sons to don the mourning grab.[5]
Family edit
Primary Consort
- Primary Consort, of the Fangiya clan (嫡福晉 范佳氏)
- Yongtu (果簡郡王 永瑹; 20 July 1752 – 10 September 1789), Prince Guojian of the Second Rank, first son
- Yongcan (镇国将军 永璨; 9 September 1753 – 2 January 1811), Hereditary General of the First Rank, second son
Secondary Consort
- Secondary Consort, of the Janggiya clan (側福晉 張佳氏)
Concubine
- Mistress, of the Liugiya clan (庶福晉 劉佳氏)
- Yongna (7 December 1762 – 1 December 1767), third son
Ancestry edit
| Hong Taiji (1592–1643) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shunzhi Emperor (1638–1661) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–1688) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tulai (1606–1658) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638–1663) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Gioro | |||||||||||||||||||
| Yongzheng Emperor (1678–1735) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Esen | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weiwu | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaogongren (1660–1723) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Saiheli | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hongyan (1733 – 1765) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Man | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consort Qian (1614–1767) | |||||||||||||||||||
See also edit
In fiction and popular culture edit
- Portrayed by Duan Shaonan in Empresses in the Palace (2011)
References edit
- ^ 韓曉梅.乾隆帝革去弘瞻親王爵位始末探析.吉林師範大學學報(人文社會科學版).2019年.第3期.P21-27
- ^ a b c Norman A. Kutcher (2018). Eunuch and Emperor in the Great Age of Qing Rule. University of California Press. pp. Pag.214. ISBN 978-0520969841.
- ^ 《清高宗实录》卷五，雍正十三年十月癸未条.
- ^ 丁利娜.河北易縣嶺東村果恭郡王弘瞻園寢寶頂主人考.中國河北省石家莊市：文物春秋.2013年.第2期.
- ^ a b c Rawski, Evelyn (1998-11-15). The Last Emperors. University of California Press. p. 284. doi:10.1525/california/9780520212893.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-520-21289-3.
- ^ 中国第一历史档案馆.乾隆朝满文寄信档译编.长沙：岳麓书社，2011年