In archaeology, a tell, or tel ( Hebrew: תֵּלArabic: تَل, tall, 'hill' or 'mound'),[1][2] is an artificial mound formed from the accumulated refuse or deposits of people living on the same site for hundreds or thousands of years. A classic tell looks like a low, truncated cone with sloping sides[3] and can be up to 30 metres high.[4]
Tells are most commonly associated with the archaeology of the ancient Near East, Southeast Europe (Bulgaria[5] and Greece[6][7]), also reaching Central Asia and West Africa.[8] Within the Near East, they are concentrated in less arid regions, including Upper Mesopotamia, the Southern Levant, Anatolia and Iran.[4]
Azerbaijan
editBulgaria
editEgypt
editGaza Strip
editIran
editIraq
edit- Adab (city)
- Abu Salabikh
- Bakr Awa
- Citadel of Erbil
- Dur-Kurigalzu
- Gird-î Qalrakh
- Jemdet Nasr
- Mane (ancient city)
- Nineveh
- Rapiqum
- Tel Abib
- Tel Keppe
- Tell Agrab
- Tell al-Fakhar
- Tell al-Rimah
- Tell al-'Ubaid
- Tell Arpachiyah
- Tell Bazmusian
- Tell Begum
- Tell el-'Oueili
- Tell es-Sawwan
- Tell Hassuna
- Tell Ishchali
- Tell Khaiber
- Tell Maghzaliyah
- Tell Shemshara
- Tell Taya
- Tell Uqair
- Telul eth-Thalathat
- Tepe Gawra
- Yarim Tepe
- Qara Tapa
- Nuzi
- Lubdu
- Naysan
Israel
edit- Abel-beth-maachah
- Achziv
- Adullam
- Antipatris
- Ashdod
- Ashkelon National Park
- Azekah
- Beit She'an
- Beit Shemesh
- Dan (ancient city)
- Ein Gedi
- Ekron
- Gath (city)
- Gezer
- Gibeah
- Hurvat Itri
- Jezreel (city)
- Kedesh
- Khirbet et-Tibbaneh
- Khirbet Kerak
- Kinneret (archaeological site)
- Masil al-Jizl
- Rebbo
- Sokho
- Tel Arad
- Tel Be'er Sheva
- Tel Dor
- Tel Hazor
- Tel Kabri
- Tel Lachish
- Tel Megiddo
- Tel Rehov
- Tel Shikmona
- Tel Yokneam
- Tell Beit Mirsim
- Tell el-Hesi
- Tell es-Safi
- Tell Keisan
- Tell Qasile
- Yavne
- Yavne-Yam
Jordan
editLebanon
edit- Ancient Tell
- Sarepta
- Tell Aalaq
- Tell Ablah
- Tell Addus
- Tell Ahle
- Tell Ain Cerif
- Tell Ain el Meten
- Tell Ain Ghessali
- Tell Ain Nfaikh
- Tell Ain Saouda
- Tell Ain Sofar
- Tell Ayoub
- Tell Bar Elias
- Tell Beshara
- Tell Bir Dakoue
- Tell Deir
- Tell Delhamieh
- Tell Derzenoun
- Tell Dibbine
- Tell el-Burak
- Tell El Ghassil
- Tell El Hadeth
- Tell Fadous
- Tell Hazzine
- Tell Hoch Rafqa
- Tell Jisr
- Tell Karmita
- Tell Khardane
- Tell Kirri
- Tell Jezireh
- Tell Kabb Elias
- Tell Majdaloun
- Tell Masoud
- Tell Mekhada
- Tell Meouchi
- Tell Mureibit
- Tell Murtafa
- Tell Nahariyah
- Tell Neba'a Chaate
- Tell Neba'a Litani
- Tell Qasr Labwe
- Tell Rasm El Hadeth
- Tell Rayak
- Tell Saatiya
- Tell Safiyeh
- Tell Saoudhi
- Tell Serhan
- Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
- Tell Shamsine
- Tell Sultan Yakoub
- Tell Taalabaya
- Tell Wardeen
- Tell Zenoub
- Tell Zeitoun
Syria
edit- Al-Rawda (tell)
- Baliḫu
- Citadel of Aleppo
- Ebla
- Gamla
- Homs
- Mari, Syria
- Mureybet
- Qatna
- Tell Abu Hureyra
- Tell Afis
- Tell al-'Abr
- Tell al-Mishrifeh (Qatna)
- Tell al-Salihiyah
- Tell Aqab
- Tell Arbid
- Tell Ashtara
- Tell Banat
- Tell Barri
- Tell Beydar
- Tell Brak
- Tell Chuera
- Tell Danith
- Tell eth-Thadeyn
- Tell Ezou
- Tell Fekheriye
- Tell Fray
- Tell Ghoraifé
- Tell Hadar
- Tell Halaf
- Tell Halula
- Tell Kashfahan
- Tell Kazel
- Tell Khazzami
- Tell Leilan
- Tell Marj
- Tell Mashnaqa
- Tell Qaramel
- Tell Qarassa
- Tell Qarqur
- Tell Ramad
- Tell Sabi Abyad
- Tell Sukas
- Tell Taban
- Tel Tamer
- Tell Tuneinir
- Tell Tweini
- Tell Zeidan
- Urkesh
- Zahiran
Turkey
editUAE
editWest Bank
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ "tell". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Kirkpatrick, E. M. (1983). Chambers 20th Century Dictionary (New ed.). Edinburgh: W & R Chambers Ltd. p. 1330. ISBN 978-0-550-10234-8.
- ^ Archaeology of Palestine, Art of Excavating a Palestinian Mound, William Foxwell Albright, 1960, p. 16
- ^ a b Wilkinson, Tony J. (2003). Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 100–127. ISBN 978-0-8165-2173-9 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Bailey, Douglass W.; Tringham, Ruth; Bass, Jason; Stevanović, Mirjana; Hamilton, Mike; Neumann, Heike; Angelova, Ilke; Raduncheva, Ana (1998-01-01). "Expanding the Dimensions of Early Agricultural Tells: The Podgoritsa Archaeological Project, Bulgaria". Journal of Field Archaeology. 25 (4): 373–396. doi:10.1179/009346998792005298. ISSN 0093-4690.
- ^ Davidson, Donald A.; Wilson, Clare A.; Lemos, Irene S.; Theocharopoulos, S. P. (2010-07-01). "Tell formation processes as indicated from geoarchaeological and geochemical investigations at Xeropolis, Euboea, Greece" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 37 (7): 1564–1571. Bibcode:2010JArSc..37.1564D. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.017. hdl:1893/16434.
- ^ Kotsakis, Kostas (1999). "What Tells can Tell: Social Space and Settlement in the Greek Neolithic". In Halstead, Paul (ed.). Neolithic Society in Greece. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781850758242.
- ^ MacDonald, Kevin C. (1997). "More forgotten tells of Mali: an archaeologist's journey from here to Timbuktu". Archaeology International. 1 (1): 40–42. doi:10.5334/ai.0112.