Brzoza [ˈbʐɔza], meaning birch, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielka Nieszawka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Wielka Nieszawka and 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Toruń. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia.
Brzoza | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Entrance to the village | |
  Brzoza  Brzoza | |
| Coordinates: 52°57′43″N 18°41′20″E / 52.96194°N 18.68889°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Toruń County |
| Gmina | Wielka Nieszawka |
| Population | 180 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | CTR |
| Highways |   |
| National roads |  |
History edit
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1939, the local Polish school principal was murdered by the Germans in a massacre of Poles committed in the nearby Barbarka forest in Toruń as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[2] In November 1940, the German Schutzpolizei carried out expulsions of Poles, who were placed in a transit camp in Toruń, and then either deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland or sent to forced labour, while their houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[3]
Transport edit
Brzoza is located at the intersection of the Polish A1 and S10 highways, and also the National road 91 passes through the village. There is also a railway station in the village.
References edit
- ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. p. 162.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
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