The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma[2] (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago[3]) It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.[4]
| Barremian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Barremian sedimentary rock layers, France | |||||||||
| Chronology | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Etymology | |||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||
| Lower boundary definition candidates | FAD of the Spitidiscus hugii-Spitidiscus vandeckii Ammonite group | ||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | Río Argos, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia Province, Spain | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||
| Upper boundary definition candidates |
| ||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | Gorgo a Cerbara, Piobbico, Central Apennines, Italy | ||||||||
Stratigraphic definitions
editThe original type locality for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873.
The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites Spitidiscus hugii and Spitidiscus vandeckii. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite Paradeshayesites oglanlensis.[citation needed]
Regional equivalents
editThe Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a subdivision of the Cretaceous that is no longer used by the ICS. It overlaps the lower part of the Urgonian stage, which is sometimes used in western European stratigraphy. In North America, the late Coahulian and the early Comanchean correspond to the Barremian. In New Zealand, it falls within the Mokoiwian, and in Japan it corresponds to the late Aritan.[4]
Subdivision[citation needed]
editThe Barremian is often subdivided into two substages or subages, Lower/Early and Upper/Late Barremian.
In the Tethys domain, the Barremian stage contains eleven ammonite biozones:
- zone of Pseudocrioceras waagenoides
- zone of Colchidites sarasini
- zone of Imerites giraudi
- zone of Hemihoplites feraudianus
- zone of Gerhardtia sertousi
- zone of Ancyloceras vandenheckii
- zone of Coronites darsi
- zone of Kotetishvilia compressissima
- zone of Nicklesia pulchella
- zone of Nicklesia nicklesi
- zone of Spitidiscus hugii
References
editNotes
edit- ^ International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS - Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org.
- ^ Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2023; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.
- ^ "ICS-Geological Timescale" (PDF). stratigraphy.or. March 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ a b See Gradstein et al. (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below)
Literature
edit- Cossmann, M. & Pelat, E. (1907): Le Barrémien supérieur à faciès Urgonien de Brouzet-lès-Alais (Gard). Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Paléontologie 15(37): 5-42. (in French)
- Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; (2004): A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
- Guzhikov, A.Yu. & Baraboshkin, E.J. (2006): Assessment of diachronism of biostratigraphic boundaries by magnetochronological calibration of zonal scales for the Lower Cretaceous of the Tethyan and Boreal belts. Doklady Earth Sciences 409(6): 843-846. doi:10.1134/S1028334X06060018
External links
edit- GeoWhen Database - Barremian
- Mid-Cretaceous timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
- Stratigraphic chart of the Lower Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy