The 2022 Illinois's 1st congressional district election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the United States representative for Illinois's 1st congressional district, concurrently with elections for the other U.S. House districts in Illinois and the rest of the country, as well as the 2022 U.S. Senate race in Illinois, other elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 28. Before the 2020 redistricting cycle, the 1st district was primarily based in the South Side of Chicago. Under the new congressional map, although the 1st district is still based in Chicago, including portions of Bronzeville, Hyde Park, Grand Crossing, Morgan Park, and Roseland, it now reaches down to the southwest and takes in a collection of exurban and rural areas in Cook County, Will County, and Kankakee County. The district as a whole is slightly under 50% black.[1][2]
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
County results Jackson: 80–90% Carlson: 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
|
Since 1993, the district had been represented by Democrat Bobby Rush. On January 3, 2022, Rush announced that he would retire rather than seek a sixteenth term in office.[3]
Because Rush announced his retirement just six months before the primaries, the race to succeed him was relatively brief. A wide field of candidates ran in the Democratic primary, including state senator Jacqueline Collins, Chicago alderwoman Pat Dowell, business professor Jonathan Jackson, and attorney Karin Norington-Reaves, whom Rush endorsed as his successor. Jackson won the primary with a low plurality and advanced to the general election, as did nonprofit founder Eric Carlson, who narrowly defeated gun dealer Jeff Regnier in the Republican primary.[4] As expected in this solidly liberal district, Jackson easily dispatched Carlson.[1] Jackson's victory continued the 1st district's 93-year tradition of electing a black man as its representative, dating back to the election of Oscar De Priest in 1929.[5] Jackson took office in the 118th United States Congress in January 2023, joining the Congressional Progressive Caucus.[6]
Democratic primary
editCampaign
editOn January 5, Chicago City Council member Pat Dowell, who had previously been running a long-shot bid for Illinois Secretary of State, announced that she would drop out of that race and instead run to succeed Bobby Rush.[7] On January 9, Karin Norington-Reaves, the CEO of a Chicago-based jobs agency, entered the race.[8] Rush endorsed Norington-Reaves at a press conference on January 13.[9] On January 28, Jonathan Jackson, a business professor, announced a bid for the seat. He is the son of the Reverend Jesse Jackson and the brother of former congressman Jesse Jackson Jr.[10] State senator Jacqueline Collins entered the race in March.[11][12]
In total, seventeen candidates made the primary ballot. The candidates rarely criticized each other, primarily campaigning on their own experience and life story in an attempt to carve out a unique position in the crowded race.[2] Their campaigns relied more on door-to-door canvassing and less on advertising compared to nearby primary elections.[13]
On June 20, a week before the primary, Jackson attracted controversy after his Federal Election Commission filings revealed that his campaign had received over $1 million from PACs associated with the cryptocurrency industry, including $500,000 from a PAC largely funded by wealthy cryptocurrency executive Sam Bankman-Fried.[14]
Criticisms
editJackson was a vocal supporter of cryptocurrency during his campaign and listed it as one of his key campaign issues.[15] Norington-Reaves criticized Jackson for presenting himself as a progressive despite taking large donations from super PACs, while Dowell accused him of putting a "for sale sign" on Rush's House seat.[16][17] Jackson also faced criticism for failing to file timely financial disclosures with the Federal Election Commission. Collins accused him of intentionally delaying his financial disclosures in order to hide who he was receiving money from. In response to the controversy, Jackson claimed that the donations were unsolicited and that his delay in filing disclosures was a mistake.[17] PACs aligned with the cryptocurrency industry spent over $4 million in total on behalf of Illinois House candidates in the 2022 primaries, including Chuy Garcia in the 4th district Democratic primary, Nikki Budzinski in the 13th district Democratic primary, and Rodney Davis in the 15th district Republican primary.[18]
Candidates
editNominee
edit- Jonathan Jackson, business professor, spokesperson for the Rainbow/PUSH coalition, son of reverend Jesse Jackson, and brother of former U.S. Representative Jesse Jackson Jr.[10]
Eliminated in primary
edit- Kirby Birgans, educator and advocate[19]
- Chris Butler, pastor[20]
- Jahmal Cole, founder of My Block, My Hood, My City[21]
- Jacqueline Collins, state senator[22]
- Steven DeJoie, consultant and restaurateur[23]
- Pat Dowell, Chicago City Council member[24][25]
- Cassandra Goodrum, professor of Criminal Justice at Chicago State University[23]
- Marcus Lewis, minister[23]
- Ameena Matthews, anti-violence activist, subject of The Interrupters, and candidate for this district in 2020[26]
- Karin Norington-Reaves, attorney and CEO of the Chicago Cook Workforce Partnership[8]
- Robert Palmer, educator[23]
- Terre Layng Rosner, Professor of Communication at the University of St. Francis[23]
- Jonathan Swain, businessman and former chair of the Chicago Zoning Board of Appeals[27]
- Michael Thompson, educator[19][28]
- Charise Williams, former deputy director of the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority[29]
Removed from ballot
edit- Darius Nix, educator[30]
- Stephany Rose Spaulding, pastor and nominee for Colorado's 5th congressional district in 2018[26]
Declined
edit- Marcus Evans, state representative (ran for re-election)[31]
- Nykea Pippion McGriff, realtor[26]
- Robert Peters, state senator (ran for re-election)[22]
- Bobby Rush, incumbent U.S. representative[32]
- Elgie Sims, state senator (ran for re-election)[31]
Polling
editPoll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Jacqueline Collins |
Pat Dowell |
Jonathan Jackson |
Karin Norington-Reaves |
Jonathan Swain |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lake Research Partners (D)[A] | May 10–12, 2022 | 400 (LV) | ± 4.9% | 14% | 14% | 19% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 42% |
Endorsements
edit- U.S. representatives
- Dan Lipinski, former U.S. representative for Illinois's 3rd congressional district[33]
- Organizations
- State senators
- Omar Aquino, state senator from the 2nd district[12]
- Christopher Belt, state senator from the 57th district[12]
- Scott M. Bennett, state senator from the 52nd district[12]
- Melinda Bush, state senator from the 31st district[12]
- Cristina Castro, state senator from the 22nd district[12]
- Bill Cunningham, president pro tempore of the Illinois Senate[12]
- Laura Ellman, state senator from the 21st district[12]
- Sara Feigenholtz, state senator from the 6th district[12]
- Laura Fine, state senator from the 9th district[12]
- Ann Gillespie, state senator from the 27th district[12]
- Suzy Glowiak Hilton, state senator from the 24th district[12]
- Don Harmon, President of the Illinois Senate[12]
- Napoleon Harris III, state senator from the 15th district[12]
- Adriane Johnson, state senator from the 30th district[12]
- Emil Jones Jr., former state senator (1983–2009)[12]
- Patrick Joyce, state senator from the 40th district[12]
- David Koehler, state senator from the 46th district[12]
- Steven Landek, state senator from the 12th district[12]
- Kimberly Lightford, state senator from the 4th district[12]
- Robert Martwick, state senator from the 10th district[12]
- Antonio Muñoz, state senator from the 1st district[12]
- Laura Murphy, state senator from the 28th district[12]
- Robert Peters, state senator from the 13th district[12]
- Elgie R. Sims Jr., state senator from the 17th district[12]
- Justin Slaughter, state senator from the 27th district[40]
- Doris Turner, state senator from the 48th district[12]
- Patricia Van Pelt, state senator from the 5th district[12]
- Ram Villivalam, state senator from the 8th district[12]
- State representatives
- Carol Ammons, state representative from the 103rd district[12]
- Lakesia Collins, state representative from the 9th district[12]
- Will Davis, state representative from the 30th district[12]
- Mary Flowers, state representative from the 31st district[12]
- Jehan Gordon-Booth, state representative[41]
- LaToya Greenwood, state representative[41]
- Will Guzzardi, state representative from the 39th district[12]
- Camille Lilly, state representative[41]
- Theresa Mah, state representative from the 2nd district[12]
- Debbie Meyers-Martin, state representative from the 38th district[12]
- Cyril Nichols, state representative from the 32nd district[12]
- Nick Smith, state representative from the 34th district[12]
- Larry Walsh, state representative from the 86th district[12]
- Chicago alders
- Michelle Harris, alderwoman from the 8th ward[40]
- David H. Moore, alderman from the 17th ward[40]
- Individuals
- Cornel West, philosopher and activist[42]
- Labor unions
- U.S. senators
- Carol Moseley Braun, former U.S. senator from Illinois (1993–1999)[9]
- Local officials
- Matthew O'Shea, Chicago City Council member from the 19th ward[44]
- Labor unions
- Service Employees International Union Local 1[45]
- UNITE HERE Local 1[41]
- Federal officials
- Chuy Garcia, U.S. representative from IL-04 (2015–present)[46]
- Jesse Jackson, former Shadow U.S. Senator from the District of Columbia; candidate for President of the United States in 1984 and 1988 (Jackson's father)[47]
- Ro Khanna, U.S. representative from California's 17th congressional district (2017–)[48]
- Bernie Sanders, U.S. senator from Vermont (2006–present)[49]
- State officials
- Emil Jones Jr., former president of the Illinois Senate[50]
- Local officials
- Stanley Moore, member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners[50]
- David Orr, former Cook County Clerk (1990–2014)[51]
- Organizations
- Labor unions
- U.S. representatives
- Luis Gutiérrez, former U.S. representative from Illinois's 4th congressional district (1993–2019)[45]
- Bobby Rush, U.S. representative from IL-01 (1993–present)[54]
- Newspapers
- Organizations
- International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 134[55]
- International Brotherhood of Teamsters Joint Council 25[56]
- International Union of Operating Engineers Local 150[55]
- Organizations
- State representatives
- Rita Mayfield, state representative from the 60th district[58]
- Individuals
- John W. Rogers Jr., investor and businessman[59]
Results
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jonathan Jackson | 21,607 | 28.2 | |
Democratic | Pat Dowell | 14,594 | 19.0 | |
Democratic | Karin Norington-Reaves | 10,825 | 14.1 | |
Democratic | Jacqueline Collins | 9,299 | 12.1 | |
Democratic | Chris Butler | 4,141 | 5.4 | |
Democratic | Jahmal Cole | 4,045 | 5.3 | |
Democratic | Jonathan Swain | 2,554 | 3.3 | |
Democratic | Michael Thompson | 1,680 | 2.2 | |
Democratic | Charise Williams | 1,601 | 2.1 | |
Democratic | Cassandra Goodrum | 1,422 | 1.9 | |
Democratic | Marcus Lewis | 901 | 1.2 | |
Democratic | Robert Palmer | 899 | 1.2 | |
Democratic | Nykea Pippion McGriff | 892 | 1.2 | |
Democratic | Terre Layng Rosner | 780 | 1.0 | |
Democratic | Ameena Matthews | 686 | 0.9 | |
Democratic | Kirby Birgans | 511 | 0.7 | |
Democratic | Steven DeJoie | 251 | 0.3 | |
Total votes | 76,688 | 100.0 |
Republican primary
editCandidates
editNominee
editEliminated in primary
edit- Jeff Regnier, gun dealer[61]
- Philanise White, renal technician and nominee in 2020[61]
- Geno Young, musician[61]
Results
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Eric Carlson | 10,755 | 40.5 | |
Republican | Jeff Regnier | 10,375 | 39.0 | |
Republican | Geno Young | 3,853 | 14.5 | |
Republican | Philanise White | 1,598 | 6.0 | |
Total votes | 26,581 | 100.0 |
General election
editPredictions
editSource | Ranking | As of |
---|---|---|
The Cook Political Report[62] | Solid D | November 30, 2021 |
Inside Elections[63] | Solid D | January 28, 2022 |
Sabato's Crystal Ball[64] | Safe D | December 2, 2021 |
Politico[65] | Solid D | April 5, 2022 |
RCP[66] | Safe D | June 9, 2022 |
Fox News[67] | Solid D | July 11, 2022 |
DDHQ[68] | Solid D | July 20, 2022 |
538[69] | Solid D | June 30, 2022 |
The Economist[70] | Safe D | September 28, 2022 |
Results
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Jonathan Jackson | 159,142 | 67.03% | −6.77 | |
Republican | Eric Carlson | 78,258 | 32.96% | +6.81 | |
Write-in | 25 | 0.01% | −0.04 | ||
Total votes | 237,425 | 100.0% | |||
Democratic hold |
By county
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notes
edit- ^ Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
- Partisan clients
- ^ This poll was conducted for Jacqueline Collins
References
edit- ^ a b "Democrat Jonathan Jackson declares victory in Illinois 1st Congressional District". CBS Chicago. November 8, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ^ a b Byrne, John (May 18, 2022). "In race to replace US Rep. Bobby Rush, candidates try to break through the clutter in densely crowded field". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ^ Sweet, Lynn (January 3, 2022). "Rep. Bobby Rush to retire after 15 terms". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ Garmes, Kyle (November 1, 2022). "Jackson, Carlson running in 1st District". Beverly Review. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ^ Vevea, Becky (April 18, 2022). "Candidates for Illinois' 1st congressional district have raised $1.5 million total". WBEZ. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ^ "Progressive Caucus". Progressive Caucus. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
- ^ Sweet, Lynn (January 5, 2022). "Ald. Pat Dowell drops secretary of state bid, jumps into House race to replace U.S. Rep. Bobby Rush". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Sweet, Lynn (January 9, 2022). "Karin Norington-Reaves jumps in Democratic primary to succeed Rep. Bobby Rush". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ a b Sweet, Lynn (January 13, 2022). "Retiring Rep. Bobby Rush endorses Karin Norington-Reaves in Democratic primary for his House seat". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
- ^ a b "Jesse Jackson's son seeks to fill Rush's US House seat". Seattle Times. Associated Press. January 29, 2022. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ Strausberg, Chinta (January 6, 2022). "Senator Jacqueline Y. Collins to run for Representative Rush's seat". Chicago Crusader. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Kapos, Shia (May 23, 2022). "New docs show what Madigan knew". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ^ Deutsch, Gabby. "The mad rush to replace Bobby Rush".
- ^ "Crypto PAC money boosting Jonathan Jackson's bid for Congress now totals more than $1 million".
- ^ "Issues".
- ^ "Dark-money groups pour last-minute $1M into 1st Congressional District candidate Jonathan Jackson".
- ^ a b "IL congressional candidate Jonathan Jackson responds to criticism about last-minute campaign support".
- ^ "Illinois House races test crypto industry influence".
- ^ a b Gettinger, Aaron (August 6, 2021). "As candidates declare, Bobby Rush 'leaning towards' but unsure of reelection bid". Hyde Park Herald. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
- ^ Garmes, Kyle (May 4, 2021). "Political discourse motivates Butler to run for office". Beverly Review. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ^ Parrella-Aureli, Ariel (February 22, 2021). "Jahmal Cole, My Block, My Hood, My City Founder, Hopes To Take Bobby Rush's Seat In Congress". Block Club Chicago. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
- ^ a b Kapos, Shia (January 14, 2022). "Valencia's emails stir the pot". Politico. Archived from the original on January 14, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Evans, Maxwell (June 28, 2022). "Jonathan Jackson Declares Victory In 1st District Primary To Replace Bobby Rush In Congress". Block Club Chicago. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ Sweet, Lynn (January 4, 2022). "Ald. Pat Dowell on verge of running for Rep. Bobby Rush seat: Would drop secretary of state bid". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ DoGood, Silence (January 5, 2022). "Pat Dowell Announces Run for U.S. Congress to Replace Bobby Rush". The Southland Journal. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
- ^ a b c Sweet, Lynn (January 14, 2022). "Jonathan Jackson mulling run for Bobby Rush seat". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ Pearson, Rick (February 8, 2022). "Hyde Park business owner, educational nonprofit CEO enters crowded field to replace Bobby Rush". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
- ^ "Why Me?". Vote Thompson 2022. 2021. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Former Illinois Criminal Justice Authority deputy director to join 1st Congressional District race". ABC 7 Chicago. February 20, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ CBS 2 Chicago Staff (January 5, 2022). "Ald. Pat Dowell Announces Run To Succeed Bobby Rush In Congress; Drops Out Of Race For Illinois Secretary Of State". CBS Chicago. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "After Rush's Retirement, Candidates Work to Stand Out in Crowded Field". NBC Chicago. January 5, 2022. Archived from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ Ahren, Mary Ann (January 3, 2022). "Rep. Bobby Rush Won't Run for Reelection, Multiple Sources Say". NBC Chicago. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (March 21, 2022). "Black chambers back Latino Caucus map". Politico.
- ^ a b Shepherd, Josh M. (March 10, 2022). "Rev. Chris Butler Says He's 'Compelled By Love' to Run for Congress". Faithfully Magazine.
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=318728113622606&set=pb.100064562594799.-2207520000.. [user-generated source]
- ^ DoGood, Silence (June 8, 2022). "The Homeschool Legal Defense Association Action PAC Endorses 1st Congressional District Candidate Pastor Chris Butler". The Southland Journal.
- ^ "IFA's Pro-Life, Pro-Family Primary Picks for 2022". June 16, 2022.
- ^ "SBA List's Candidate Fund PAC Endorses Chris Butler for Congress in IL-01". March 28, 2022.
- ^ DoGood, Silence (June 8, 2022). "Illinois State Fraternal Order of Police Endorses IL-1 Candidate Chris Butler". The Southland Journal.
- ^ a b c Kapos, Shia (June 16, 2022). "What a shaky economy means for Dems". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Kapos, Shia (June 10, 2022). "POLL: Bailey leads Irvin nearly 2-1". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (April 26, 2022). "Mar-a-Lago meetings for Miller, Bailey". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (May 26, 2022). "Lightfoot, Daley celebrate casino vote". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ^ a b Kapos, Shia (June 2, 2022). "Retribution fuels GOP state Senate race". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
- ^ a b Kapos, Shia. "In Chicago, businesses come and go". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
- ^ Wall, Craig (April 15, 2022). "Jonathan Jackson endorsed by Rep. Jesus 'Chuy' Garcia in race to replace Bobby Rush". ABC7 Chicago. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (January 28, 2022). "Jonathan Jackson readies for launch". Politico. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia. "Irvin dodges Roe". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
- ^ Sweet, Lynn (June 9, 2022). "Bernie Sanders in Chicago next week: Endorsing Jonathan Jackson, Delia Ramirez primary bids". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ a b Sanders, Danielle (February 10, 2022). "Jonathan Jackson Enters Race for Chicago House Seat". Chicago Defender. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia. "Pritzker on ending Roe: 'Hell no!'". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (May 20, 2022). "OOPS. Census has Illinois population up, not down". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 21, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (April 29, 2022). "Illinois Playbook – POLITICO". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
- ^ Wall, Craig (January 12, 2022). "Rep. Bobby Rush to endorse Karin Norington-Reaves as replacement, sources say". WLS-TV. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
- ^ a b Kapos, Shia (April 27, 2022). "One investigation after another". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 1, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (June 7, 2022). "Lightfoot preps her move into campaign mode". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "Planned Parenthood Action Fund Endorsed Candidates". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (May 24, 2022). "Pat Quinn is polling for Chicago mayor". www.politico.com. Politico. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ^ Kapos, Shia (April 11, 2022). "Bobby Rush wants to pick who gets his seat. 19 people disagree". Politico. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
- ^ a b "Election Results 2022 GENERAL PRIMARY". Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 28, 2022.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d "Election 2022: Here's Who is Running in Illinois' 1st Congressional District".
- ^ "2022 House Race Ratings". The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
- ^ "House Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved January 28, 2022.
- ^ "2022 House Ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. December 2, 2021. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
- ^ "2022 Election Forecast". Politico. April 5, 2022.
- ^ "Battle for the House 2022". RCP. June 9, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Election Forecast". Fox News. July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Election Forecast". DDHQ. July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
- ^ "2022 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ "The Economist's 2022 House Election forecast". The Economist. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
- ^ "2022 General Election Results". Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
External links
edit- Illinois State Board of Elections Archived June 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine