2021 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League

The 2021 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the third edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual men's international volleyball tournament. The 2021 version of VNL was scheduled to start earlier than the previous edition due to the 2020 Summer Olympics in July. The competition was held between May and June 2021, and the final round took place in Rimini Fiera, Rimini, Italy.[1][2]

2021 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
Tournament details
Host nationItaly
CityRimini
Dates28 May – 27 June
Teams16 (from 4 confederations)
Venue(s)Rimini Fiera (in 1 host city)
Champions Brazil (1st title)
Runners-up Poland
Third place France
Fourth place Slovenia
Tournament awards
MVP
Best SetterPoland Fabian Drzyzga
Best OH
Best MB
Best OPP
Best LiberoBrazil Thales Hoss
Tournament statistics
Matches played124
Attendance0 (0 per match)
Official website
Volleyball Nations League

Brazil claimed their first VNL title after beating Poland in four sets.[3] France swept Slovenia in three sets and grabbed the bronze medal.[4] Both Wallace de Souza from Brazil and Bartosz Kurek from Poland named as MVPs of the tournament.[5]

Qualification

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In the 2019 edition sixteen teams qualified for the competition. Twelve of them qualified as core teams which could not face relegation. Other four teams were selected as challenger teams which could be relegated from the tournament. Slovenia as winner of 2019 Challenger Cup earned the right to participate in this tournament replacing Portugal, the last placed challenger team after the 2019 edition. This year there won’t be any promotion or relegation and the 16 participants will also compete in the 2022 edition.[6][7]

Netherlands replaced China after the decision of the Chinese Volleyball Association to withdraw its national men's team due to financial limitations and travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[8]

Country Confederation Designation Previous appearances Previous best performance
Total First Last
  Argentina CSV Core team 2 2018 2019 7th place (2019)
  Australia AVC Challenger team 2 2018 2019 13th place (2018, 2019)
  Brazil CSV Core team 2 2018 2019 4th place (2018, 2019)
  Bulgaria CEV Challenger team 2 2018 2019 11th place (2018)
  Canada NORCECA Challenger team 2 2018 2019 7th place (2018)
  China AVC Core team 2 2018 2019 15th place (2018)
  France CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 Runners-up (2018)
  Germany CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 9th place (2018)
  Iran AVC Core team 2 2018 2019 5th place (2019)
  Italy CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 8th place (2018, 2019)
  Japan AVC Core team 2 2018 2019 10th place (2019)
  Netherlands CEV Challenger team 0 None None
  Poland CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 3rd place (2019)
  Russia CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 Champions (2018, 2019)
  Serbia CEV Core team 2 2018 2019 5th place (2018)
  Slovenia CEV Challenger team 0 None None
  United States NORCECA Core team 2 2018 2019 Runners-up (2019)

Format

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Preliminary round

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The 16 teams compete in a round-robin format. The teams play 3 matches each week and compete five weeks long, for 120 matches. The top four teams after the preliminary round compete in the final round.[2]

Final round

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The four qualified teams play knock-out round. The semifinals winners advance to compete for the Nations League title. The losers face each other in the third place match.

Secure bubble

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As to ensure athletes were able to compete and the games were conducted safely, the 2021 VNL was played under a secure bubble. After the game, a total of 2,250 PCR and 7,920 antigen tests were performed and only one registered COVID-19 case was found.[9]

Venue

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All matches
Rimini, Italy
Rimini Fiera
Capacity: Unknown

Competition schedule

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Preliminary round Final round
Week 1
28–30 May
Week 2
3–5 Jun
Week 3
9–11 Jun
Week 4
15–17 Jun
Week 5
21–23 Jun
Week 6
26–27 Jun
24 matches 24 matches 24 matches 24 matches 24 matches 4 matches

Pool standing procedure

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  1. Total number of victories (matches won, matches lost)
  2. In the event of a tie, the following first tiebreaker will apply: The teams will be ranked by the most points gained per match as follows:
    • Match won 3–0 or 3–1: 3 points for the winner, 0 points for the loser
    • Match won 3–2: 2 points for the winner, 1 point for the loser
    • Match forfeited: 3 points for the winner, 0 points (0–25, 0–25, 0–25) for the loser
  3. If teams are still tied after examining the number of victories and points gained, then the FIVB will examine the results in order to break the tie in the following order:
    • Sets quotient: if two or more teams are tied on the number of points gained, they will be ranked by the quotient resulting from the division of the number of all sets won by the number of all sets lost.
    • Points quotient: if the tie persists based on the sets quotient, the teams will be ranked by the quotient resulting from the division of all points scored by the total of points lost during all sets.
    • If the tie persists based on the points quotient, the tie will be broken based on the team that won the match of the Round Robin Phase between the tied teams. When the tie in points quotient is between three or more teams, these teams ranked taking into consideration only the matches involving the teams in question.

Squads

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The 16 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 25 players, which every week's 14-player roster must be selected from. Each country must declare its 14-player roster two days before the start of each week's round-robin competition.

Preliminary round

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Ranking

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Pos Team Pld W L Pts SW SL SR SPW SPL SPR Qualification
1   Brazil 15 13 2 38 39 12 3.250 1260 1102 1.143 Final round
2   Poland 15 12 3 37 39 11 3.545 1200 985 1.218
3   Slovenia 15 12 3 34 40 18 2.222 1342 1222 1.098
4   France 15 11 4 34 41 22 1.864 1472 1382 1.065
5   Russia 15 11 4 34 39 21 1.857 1380 1293 1.067
6   Serbia 15 10 5 28 35 27 1.296 1419 1341 1.058
7   United States 15 8 7 24 29 24 1.208 1239 1159 1.069
8   Canada 15 7 8 21 27 26 1.038 1198 1170 1.024
9   Argentina 15 7 8 20 23 29 0.793 1188 1222 0.972
10   Italy (H) 15 7 8 19 28 33 0.848 1335 1345 0.993
11   Japan 15 7 8 19 25 31 0.806 1226 1266 0.968
12   Iran 15 5 10 18 25 32 0.781 1286 1349 0.953
13   Germany 15 4 11 14 22 38 0.579 1255 1360 0.923
14   Netherlands 15 3 12 11 19 40 0.475 1214 1354 0.897
15   Bulgaria 15 2 13 7 11 41 0.268 1037 1238 0.838
16   Australia 15 1 14 2 7 44 0.159 980 1243 0.788
Source: VNL 2021 standings
(H) Host

Week 1

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
28 May 10:00 France   3–0   Bulgaria 27–25 25–21 25–23     77–69 P2 Report
28 May 12:00 Germany   3–0   Australia 25–19 25–18 25–16     75–53 P2 Report
28 May 13:00 Japan   3–0   Iran 25–19 25–22 26–24     76–65 P2 Report
28 May 15:00 Serbia   3–1   Slovenia 22–25 25–18 36–34 25–18   108–95 P2 Report
28 May 16:00 Netherlands   1–3   Russia 19–25 22–25 25–18 20–25   86–93 P2 Report
28 May 18:00 United States   3–0   Canada 25–17 26–24 25–20     76–61 P2 Report
28 May 19:30 Poland   3–0   Italy 25–19 25–20 25–18     75–57 P2 Report
28 May 21:00 Brazil   3–0   Argentina 31–29 26–24 25–16     82–69 P2 Report
29 May 10:00 Germany   2–3   France 25–22 22–25 25–22 16–25 15–17 103–111 P2 Report
29 May 12:00 Iran   1–3   Russia 17–25 25–20 20–25 17–25   79–95 P2 Report
29 May 13:00 Netherlands   2–3   Japan 25–22 25–23 22–25 17–25 8–15 97–110 P2 Report
29 May 15:00 Australia   0–3   Bulgaria 21–25 20–25 20–25     61–75 P2 Report
29 May 16:00 Poland   3–1   Serbia 26–24 25–19 21–25 25–15   97–83 P2 Report
29 May 18:00 Italy   0–3   Slovenia 23–25 19–25 15–25     57–75 P2 Report
29 May 19:30 Argentina   0–3   Canada 17–25 21–25 17–25     55–75 P2 Report
29 May 21:00 United States   0–3   Brazil 22–25 23–25 19–25     64–75 P2 Report
30 May 10:00 Australia   1–3   France 26–28 25–20 14–25 23–25   88–98 P2 Report
30 May 12:00 Netherlands   0–3   Iran 18–25 23–25 28–30     69–80 P2 Report
30 May 13:00 Germany   3–2   Bulgaria 19–25 25–21 22–25 30–28 15–11 111–110 P2 Report
30 May 15:00 Russia   2–3   Japan 26–28 28–26 25–20 21–25 14–16 114–115 P2 Report
30 May 16:20 United States   3–1   Argentina 23–25 25–21 25–15 25–19   98–80 P2 Report
30 May 18:25 Canada   1–3   Brazil 17–25 20–25 25–22 25–27   87–99 P2 Report
30 May 19:30 Poland   1–3   Slovenia 22–25 25–23 19–25 23–25   89–98 P2 Report
30 May 21:00 Serbia   3–1   Italy 25–23 22–25 25–22 25–18   97–88 P2 Report

Week 2

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
3 Jun 10:00 Germany   2–3   Argentina 19–25 25–23 25–17 23–25 13–15 105–105 P2 Report
3 Jun 12:00 Iran   3–1   Canada 22–25 25–22 25–22 25–22   97–91 P2 Report
3 Jun 13:00 Japan   1–3   Serbia 25–18 23–25 22–25 13–25   83–93 P2 Report
3 Jun 15:00 Brazil   0–3   France 37–39 18–25 28–30     83–94 P2 Report
3 Jun 16:00 Netherlands   0–3   Slovenia 18–25 15–25 18–25     51–75 P2 Report
3 Jun 18:00 Australia   0–3   Poland 16–25 10–25 12–25     38–75 P2 Report
3 Jun 19:30 Italy   3–2   Bulgaria 25–19 20–25 25–13 23–25 15–12 108–94 P2 Report
3 Jun 21:00 Russia   3–1   United States 25–22 25–19 17–25 25–19   92–85 P2 Report
4 Jun 10:00 Argentina   0–3   Slovenia 19–25 22–25 18–25     59–75 P2 Report
4 Jun 12:00 Netherlands   3–2   Germany 25–18 23–25 25–20 23–25 15–13 111–101 P2 Report
4 Jun 13:00 Brazil   3–0   Japan 25–20 25–16 25–20     75–56 P2 Report
4 Jun 15:00 Serbia   3–2   France 22–25 24–26 25–22 25–23 15–9 111–105 P2 Report
4 Jun 16:00 Iran   3–1   Italy 26–24 29–27 21–25 25–22   101–98 P2 Report
4 Jun 18:15 Poland   3–0   United States 25–17 28–26 25–17     78–60 P2 Report
4 Jun 19:30 Russia   3–0   Australia 25–19 26–24 25–21     76–64 P2 Report
4 Jun 21:00 Canada   3–0   Bulgaria 28–26 25–23 25–16     78–65 P2 Report
5 Jun 10:00 Netherlands   0–3   Argentina 19–25 20–25 23–25     62–75 P2 Report
5 Jun 12:00 Slovenia   1–3   Germany 25–19 20–25 21–25 20–25   86–94 P2 Report
5 Jun 13:00 France   3–2   Japan 21–25 25–22 24–26 25–21 15–11 110–105 P2 Report
5 Jun 15:00 Brazil   3–1   Serbia 23–25 25–23 25–15 25–22   98–85 P2 Report
5 Jun 16:00 Russia   1–3   Poland 25–21 19–25 19–25 14–25   77–96 P2 Report
5 Jun 18:00 United States   3–0   Australia 25–23 25–20 25–17     75–60 P2 Report
5 Jun 19:30 Bulgaria   0–3   Iran 20–25 31–33 22–25     73–83 P2 Report
5 Jun 21:00 Canada   2–3   Italy 19–25 21–25 25–21 28–26 11–15 104–112 P2 Report

Week 3

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
9 Jun 10:00 Serbia   3–1   Germany 19–25 25–22 25–18 25–15   94–80 P2 Report
9 Jun 12:00 Japan   3–1   Australia 25–18 21–25 28–26 26–24   100–93 P2 Report
9 Jun 13:00 France   3–1   Russia 22–25 25–18 30–28 25–19   102–90 P2 Report
9 Jun 15:00 Slovenia   3–0   Canada 25–22 25–19 25–22     75–63 P2 Report
9 Jun 16:30 Argentina   0–3   Italy 28–30 21–25 20–25     69–80 P2 Report
9 Jun 18:00 Iran   3–0   United States 25–19 25–23 25–23     75–65 P2 Report
9 Jun 19:30 Poland   3–0   Bulgaria 25–19 25–15 25–12     75–46 P2 Report
9 Jun 21:00 Netherlands   0–3   Brazil 19–25 22–25 25–27     66–77 P2 Report
10 Jun 10:00 Serbia   3–2   Iran 21–25 25–15 26–28 25–22 15–8 112–98 P2 Report
10 Jun 12:00 Russia   3–1   Canada 25–18 25–18 23–25 25–23   98–84 P2 Report
10 Jun 13:00 France   2–3   Slovenia 25–17 25–19 23–25 19–25 9–15 101–101 P2 Report
10 Jun 15:00 Argentina   3–0   Australia 25–18 25–19 25–20     75–57 P2 Report
10 Jun 16:00 Germany   0–3   United States 12–25 18–25 27–29     57–79 P2 Report
10 Jun 18:00 Bulgaria   0–3   Brazil 16–25 22–25 12–25     50–75 P2 Report
10 Jun 19:30 Japan   3–2   Italy 21–25 25–22 22–25 25–15 15–9 108–96 P2 Report
10 Jun 21:00 Poland   3–0   Netherlands 25–14 25–17 25–16     75–47 P2 Report
11 Jun 10:00 Iran   2–3   Germany 25–23 20–25 19–25 25–19 13–15 102–107 P2 Report
11 Jun 12:00 Slovenia   3–2   Russia 19–25 25–23 22–25 25–20 15–8 106–101 P2 Report
11 Jun 13:00 Japan   1–3   Argentina 32–30 16–25 18–25 21–25   87–105 P2 Report
11 Jun 15:00 Netherlands   2–3   Bulgaria 18–25 25–18 25–17 22–25 13–15 103–100 P2 Report
11 Jun 16:30 Australia   0–3   Italy 20–25 22–25 14–25     56–75 P2 Report
11 Jun 18:00 United States   1–3   Serbia 23–25 17–25 25–19 25–27   90–96 P2 Report
11 Jun 19:30 Canada   1–3   France 25–20 21–25 22–25 17–25   85–95 P2 Report
11 Jun 21:00 Poland   0–3   Brazil 17–25 26–28 19–25     62–78 P2 Report

Week 4

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
15 Jun 10:00 Russia   3–1   Serbia 25–23 25–22 22–25 25–21   97–91 P2 Report
15 Jun 12:00 Iran   2–3   Australia 23–25 22–25 25–23 25–18 12–15 107–106 P2 Report
15 Jun 13:00 Argentina   3–1   Bulgaria 25–20 16–25 25–18 25–18   91–81 P2 Report
15 Jun 15:00 Japan   3–0   Germany 25–18 25–22 25–20     75–60 P2 Report
15 Jun 16:30 Italy   0–3   United States 15–25 18–25 21–25     54–75 P2 Report
15 Jun 18:00 Canada   0–3   Poland 22–25 23–25 19–25     64–75 P2 Report
15 Jun 19:30 Brazil   3–2   Slovenia 15–25 25–22 19–25 25–13 15–12 99–97 P2 Report
15 Jun 21:00 Netherlands   3–2   France 15–25 22–25 28–26 25–23 19–17 109–116 P2 Report
16 Jun 10:00 Argentina   1–3   Russia 19–25 23–25 25–21 19–25   86–96 P2 Report
16 Jun 12:00 Serbia   3–0   Bulgaria 25–20 25–17 25–17     75–54 P2 Report
16 Jun 13:00 Slovenia   3–1   Australia 18–25 25–18 25–18 25–17   93–78 P2 Report
16 Jun 15:00 Japan   0–3   Poland 14–25 18–25 19–25     51–75 P2 Report
16 Jun 16:30 Netherlands   1–3   Italy 19–25 23–25 25–23 21–25   88–98 P2 Report
16 Jun 18:00 Canada   3–0   Germany 25–17 26–24 25–21     76–62 P2 Report
16 Jun 19:30 United States   1–3   France 23–25 25–22 29–31 22–25   99–103 P2 Report
16 Jun 21:00 Iran   1–3   Brazil 19–25 25–23 19–25 21–25   84–98 P2 Report
17 Jun 10:00 Argentina   3–0   Serbia 27–25 25–20 26–24     78–69 P2 Report
17 Jun 12:00 Bulgaria   0–3   Russia 17–25 22–25 17–25     56–75 P2 Report
17 Jun 13:00 Japan   0–3   Canada 22–25 23–25 18–25     63–75 P2 Report
17 Jun 15:00 Australia   0–3   Brazil 17–25 22–25 12–25     51–75 P2 Report
17 Jun 16:00 Iran   1–3   Slovenia 25–14 20–25 19–25 30–32   94–96 P2 Report
17 Jun 18:00 Netherlands   2–3   United States 25–21 17–25 25–23 15–25 13–15 95–109 P2 Report
17 Jun 19:30 France   2–3   Italy 19–25 25–22 20–25 25–21 12–15 101–108 P2 Report
17 Jun 21:00 Germany   0–3   Poland 22–25 19–25 20–25     61–75 P2 Report

Week 5

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
21 Jun 10:00 Australia   1–3   Serbia 16–25 13–25 25–19 15–25   69–94 P2 Report
21 Jun 12:00 Japan   3–0   Bulgaria 25–23 25–18 25–14     75–55 P2 Report
21 Jun 13:00 France   3–0   Iran 25–21 25–21 25–19     75–61 P2 Report
21 Jun 15:00 Canada   3–0   Netherlands 25–16 25–16 25–19     75–51 P2 Report
21 Jun 16:30 Brazil   3–1   Italy 25–19 32–30 22–25 25–20   104–94 P2 Report
21 Jun 18:00 Slovenia   3–2   United States 28–30 25–19 21–25 28–26 15–13 117–113 P2 Report
21 Jun 19:30 Poland   3–0   Argentina 25–21 25–22 25–18     75–61 P2 Report
21 Jun 21:00 Germany   1–3   Russia 18–25 18–25 25–23 15–25   76–98 P2 Report
22 Jun 10:00 Canada   3–0   Australia 25–17 25–8 25–20     75–45 P2 Report
22 Jun 12:00 Serbia   3–2   Netherlands 25–21 21–25 25–18 21–25 17–15 109–104 P2 Report
22 Jun 13:00 Bulgaria   0–3   United States 19–25 24–26 9–25     52–76 P2 Report
22 Jun 15:00 Iran   0–3   Poland 20–25 20–25 16–25     56–75 P2 Report
22 Jun 16:00 Japan   0–3   Slovenia 16–25 16–25 26–28     58–78 P2 Report
22 Jun 18:00 France   3–0   Argentina 26–24 25–21 25–22     76–67 P2 Report
22 Jun 19:30 Brazil   3–0   Germany 25–21 25–21 25–23     75–65 P2 Report
22 Jun 21:00 Russia   3–2   Italy 25–21 16–25 25–17 19–25 15–12 100–100 P2 Report
23 Jun 10:00 Australia   0–3   Netherlands 23–25 19–25 19–25     61–75 P2 Report
23 Jun 12:00 Canada   3–2   Serbia 17–25 21–25 25–17 25–20 17–15 105–102 P2 Report
23 Jun 13:00 United States   3–0   Japan 25–21 25–23 25–20     75–64 P2 Report
23 Jun 15:00 France   3–2   Poland 25–22 21–25 22–25 25–20 15–11 108–103 P2 Report
23 Jun 16:00 Iran   1–3   Argentina 31–33 23–25 32–30 18–25   104–113 P2 Report
23 Jun 18:00 Slovenia   3–0   Bulgaria 25–23 25–16 25–18     75–57 P2 Report
23 Jun 19:30 Italy   3–2   Germany 25–12 24–26 25–22 21–25 15–13 110–98 P2 Report
23 Jun 21:00 Brazil   0–3   Russia 21–25 26–28 20–25     67–78 P2 Report

Final round

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SemifinalsFinal
 
      
 
26 June
 
 
  Brazil3
 
27 June
 
  France0
 
  Brazil3
 
26 June
 
  Poland1
 
  Poland3
 
 
  Slovenia0
 
3rd place match
 
 
27 June
 
 
  France3
 
 
  Slovenia0

Semifinals

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
26 Jun 11:30 Brazil   3–0   France 25–20 25–18 25–19     75–57 P2 Report
26 Jun 15:00 Poland   3–0   Slovenia 25–22 25–21 25–23     75–66 P2 Report

Third place match

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
27 Jun 11:30 France   3–0   Slovenia 25–20 25–18 25–19     75–57 P2 Report

Final

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Date Time Score Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Total Report
27 Jun 15:00 Brazil   3–1   Poland 22–25 25–23 25–16 25–14   97–78 P2 Report

Final standing

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Awards

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Statistics leaders

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Preliminary round

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Statistics leaders correct at the end of preliminary round.[10]

Final round

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Statistics leaders correct at the end of final round.[11]

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Because of COVID-19 restrictions, the games were played without spectators. A total of 10,170 COVID-19 tests (including women's side) were conducted to players, referees, officials and staff every four days.[12]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ (Best scorers determined by scored points from spike, block and serve).
  2. ^ (Best attackers determined by successful spikes).
  3. ^ (Best blockers determined by the stuff blocks, faults and rebounds).
  4. ^ (Best servers determined by aces, faults and hits).
  5. ^ (Best setters determined by running setts, faults and still sets).
  6. ^ (Best diggers determined by successful digs, faults and receptions).
  7. ^ (Best receivers determined by efficient receptions, faults and serve receptions).

References

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  1. ^ "Italy To Host VNL 2021 In Secure Bubble". FIVB. March 12, 2021. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "FIVB ANNOUNCES HOST COUNTRIES FOR 2020 VNL". FIVB. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved October 20, 2019.
  3. ^ "Brazil defeat Poland in final to claim their first VNL title". volleyballworld. 27 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Solid France snatch bronze from Slovenia in Men's VNL for second podium appearance". volleyballworld. 27 June 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Wallace, Kurek share Men's VNL MVP Award". volleyballworld. 27 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Volleyball Nations League (VNL) 2021 – Everything you need to know". IOC. 25 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  7. ^ "FIVB statement on participating teams at VNL 2021". FIVB. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  8. ^ "FIVB statement on participating teams at VNL 2021". Archived from the original on 2022-01-04. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  9. ^ "Successful COVID-19 protocols at VNL Bubble 2021". FIVB. July 8, 2021. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  10. ^ "Men's Statistics - FIVB Volleyball Nations League 2021". volleyballworld.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  11. ^ "Men's Statistics - FIVB Volleyball Nations League 2021". volleyballworld.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  12. ^ volleyballworld.com. "Looking back: A historic Volleyball Nations League in 2021". volleyballworld.com. Archived from the original on 2022-02-08. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
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