Zhumadian (simplified Chinese: 驻马店; traditional Chinese: 駐馬店; pinyin: Zhùmǎdiàn; postal: Chumatien) is a prefecture-level city in southern Henan province, China. It borders Xinyang to the south, Nanyang to the west, Pingdingshan to the northwest, Luohe to the north, Zhoukou to the northeast, and the province of Anhui to the east.
Zhumadian
驻马店市 Chumatien | |
|---|---|
 Zhumadian in Henan | |
  Zhumadian Location on the North China Plain  Zhumadian Zhumadian (China) | |
| Coordinates (Zhumadian municipal government): 33°00′50″N 114°01′19″E / 33.014°N 114.022°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Henan |
| County-level divisions | 10 |
| Municipal seat | Yicheng District |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 15,083 km2 (5,824 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 778 km2 (300 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,849 km2 (714 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 7,008,427 |
| • Density | 460/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,025,543 |
| • Urban density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,466,913 |
| • Metro density | 790/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| GDP[3][4] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 197.3 billion US$ 29.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 28,305 US$ 4,261 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 463000 |
| Area code | 0396 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HA-17 |
| Major Nationalities | Han |
| License plate prefixes | 豫Q |
| Website | zhumadian |
As of the 2020 Chinese census, its total population was 7,008,427 inhabitants whom 1,466,913 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Yicheng District and Suiping County now conurbated.
It was once the center of the Cai state during the Eastern Zhou era. The state leaves its name in several of the subdivisions including Shangcai County and Xincai County.
Administrative divisions
editThe prefecture-level city of Zhumadian administers 1 district and 9 counties.
- Yicheng District (驿城区)
- Runan County (汝南县)
- Pingyu County (平舆县)
- Xincai County (新蔡县)
- Shangcai County (上蔡县)
- Xiping County (西平县)
- Suiping County (遂平县)
- Queshan County (确山县)
- Zhengyang County (正阳县)
- Biyang County (泌阳县)
| Map |
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Geography
editZhumadian is situated at 32° 18'−33° 35' N latitude, and 113° 10'−115° 12' E longitude, with a maximum east–west width of 191.5 kilometres (119.0 mi), and at most 137.5 kilometres (85.4 mi) long from south to north. The area of the prefecture is 15,083 square kilometres (5,824 sq mi), occupying 8.9% of the total provincial area. Neighbouring prefectures are:
- Fuyang, Anhui (E)
- Xinyang (S)
- Nanyang (W)
- Pingdingshan (NW)
- Luohe (N)
- Zhoukou (NE)
The terrain is dominated by mountains, hills, hillocks, and plains.
Climate
editZhumadian has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with cold, somewhat damp, winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) in January to 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.15 °C (59.3 °F). More than 60% of the annual precipitation of 990 mm (39 in) occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 39% in March to 46% in four months, the city receives 1,927 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Zhumadian (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
30.8 (87.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
37.7 (99.9) |
41.0 (105.8) |
41.9 (107.4) |
41.5 (106.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
34.7 (94.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
41.9 (107.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.1 (80.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
20.7 (69.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
11.2 (52.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.0 (−0.4) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24.1 (0.95) |
25.7 (1.01) |
45.0 (1.77) |
54.8 (2.16) |
87.9 (3.46) |
127.6 (5.02) |
202.8 (7.98) |
137.7 (5.42) |
97.5 (3.84) |
60.6 (2.39) |
41.0 (1.61) |
20.1 (0.79) |
924.8 (36.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.7 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 9.6 | 8.5 | 12.0 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 97.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.9 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 13.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 68 | 79 | 82 | 77 | 70 | 69 | 67 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 116.6 | 118.9 | 150.8 | 176.2 | 184.0 | 166.3 | 165.4 | 153.1 | 141.0 | 140.8 | 131.8 | 128.6 | 1,773.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 37 | 38 | 40 | 45 | 43 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 40 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6][7] | |||||||||||||
Agriculture
editMainly wheat, maize, peanut, sesame, green beans and tobacco are grown.
Culture
editZhumadian has a rich cultural history and the birthplace of many great people in ancient times [citation needed]. There is an old site of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai who are the characters in the Butterfly Lovers, a famous Chinese story.
Zhumadian is the location of Mount Chaya, a major geological site of interest and tourist attraction.[8]
People from Henan have been negatively stereotyped, with Zhumadian being singled out as the supposed base of scamming.[9] This may have originated from the aftermath of the 1975 Banqiao Dam collapse, when locals affected by the disaster eventually become the first large batch of migrant workers to go to Guangdong. Most of these workers had little education and lived together in impoverished communities, leading to a negative perception of Zhumadian people.[10] A popular quote going around was:[9]
Dams
editZhumadian has 62 different dams including Banqiao Dam within its territory. The failure of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams in 1975, which caused more than 150,000 casualties and made more than 10 million people homeless, is considered the biggest catastrophe of its kind.
Transportation
editOne of the Chinese main highways, China National Highway 107, runs through Zhumadian. Zhumadian also has its own transportation system. The old Golden Decade-built Zhumadian Aerodrome primarily served military operations from 1931 until late-2018, when it was converted for commercial passenger airliner use as well.
References
edit- ^ 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ "China: Hénán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ 河南省统计局、国家统计局河南调查总队 (November 2017). 《河南统计年鉴－2017》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-8268-8. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ "河南统计年鉴—2017". www.ha.stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ^ "Chaya Mountain, Zhumadian". China Daily. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b 马志強 (2004). 点评河南: 一个外地河南人眼中的河南 (in Chinese). 书海出版社. ISBN 978-7-80550-593-0.
- ^ sina_mobile (2018-02-20). "这句话的最初始的原因来源于1975年8月的驻马店板桥水库". k.sina.cn. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
External links
edit- Government website of Zhumadian (in Simplified Chinese)