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Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 43

< Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 43 running from name Owens to name Passelewe.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 43 Owens - Passelewe. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.


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  1. ^ John Owens (1790–1846), founder of Owens College, Manchester; a Manchester merchant who left about 100,0002. to found a college, which was to be free from religious tests. Owens College was opened, 1851, and incorporated by parliament, 1871.
  2. ^ John Lennergan Owens (fl. 1780), actor; succeeded Henry Mossop at Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin.
  3. ^ Owen Owens (d. 1593), divine; M.A. Cambridge, 1564; last archdeacon of Anglesey to hold it plena jure, the bishops of Bangor subsequently holding it in commendam.
  4. ^ Robert Owenson (1744–1812), actor; introduced to Garrick by Goldsmith, c. 1771; made his London debut at Covent Garden, 1774; opened Fishamble Street Theatre, Dublin, 1785; retired from the stage, 1798.
  5. ^ Sydney Owenson (1783?–1849). See Sydney Morgan.
  6. ^ William Owtram (1626–1679), divine; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1645; fellow of Christ's College and (1649) M.A.; created D.D., 1660; rector of St. Mary Woolnoth, London, till 1666; archdeacon of Leicester, 1669; preacher and rabbinical scholar.
  7. ^ Owtred (1315? –1396). See Uhtred.
  8. ^ William Oxberry (1784–1824), actor; attracted the attention of Henry Siddons, and first appeared at Covent Garden Theatre, London, in 1807; was for long manager of the Olympic; took the Craven's Head chophouse in 1821; said to have been unsurpassed in the roles of Slender, Sir David Daw, and Petro; edited The New English Drama 1818-24, besides projecting Dramatic Biography 1825.
  9. ^ William Henry Oxberry (1808–1842), actor; son of William Oxberry; first appeared at the Olympic Theatre, London, 1825; unsuccessful as manager of the English Opera House (1833-7), and returned to the stage, acting at the Princess's, the Lyceum, Covent Garden, and many other theatres in London; author of burlesques and plays.
  10. ^ Henry Oxburgh (d. 1716), Jacobite; settled in Cheshire, 1700, after serving in the army in Ireland and France; joined Jacobite rising, 1715, and received colonel's commission under Thomas Forster (1675?-1738); surrendered at Preston and was executed. His head was displayed on the top of Temple Bar, London,
  11. ^ John Oxenbridge (1608–1674), puritan divine; became tutor at Magdalen Hall, Oxford (M.A., 1631), but (1634) was deprived by Laud for drawing up a document for the better government of the society, which he perPiimlcd his scholars to subscribe; after exercising his ministry in the Bermudas returned to England in 1641 and preached in various parts of the country; became a fellow of Eton, 1662, where he formed a friendship with Andrew Marvell (1681-1678): being ejected, 1660 emigrated to Surinam, Barbados, and finally to Boston, where he became pastor; published sermons.
  12. ^ Ashton Oxenden (1808–1892), bishop of Montreal; of Harrow and University College, Oxford; M.A.. 1869; D.D., 1869: rector of Pluckley, Kent, 1849-69; honorary canon of Canterbury, 1864; elected bishop of Montreal and metropolitan of Canada, May 1869; Miduomdy attended to his duties till ill-health caused him to resign the bishopric, 1878; vicar of St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, and rural dean, 1879-84: published minor theological works, which his plain and simple language made very popular.
  13. ^ Sir George Oxenden (1620–1669), governor of Bombay; spent his youth in India; knighted, 1661: appointed by the Bast India Company president and chief director of their affairs at Surat, 1662; found the company's trade threatened by the hostility of the French and Dutch, but during his term of office established the company's affairs on a sound basis and prepared the way for the subsequent development of its power; repulsed an attack on Surat by the Mahrattas, 1663; on the cession of Bombay to the company by Charles II (1667) was nominated governor and commauder-in-chief; died at Surat.
  14. ^ George Oxenden (1661–1703), civil lawyer; nephew of Sir George Oxenden (1620-1669); M.A. per litfrtu rtgiat Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1676; LL.D., 179; was appointed regius professor of civil law at Cambridge, 1884, vicar-general to the archbishop of Canterbury, 1688, and chancellor of the diocese of London; masterof Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1680-1703: represented the university in parliament (1695-8); author of several Latin poems.
  15. ^ Sir George Oxenden , fifth baronet (1694–1775), son of George Oxenden; lord of the admiralty and of the treasury; M.P., Sandwich; noted for his profligate character.
  16. ^ Henry Oxenden or Oxinden (1609–1670), poet; first cousin of Sir George Oxeuden (1620-1669); B.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1627; author of Jobus Triumphans 1651, and other poems,
  17. ^ John de Oxenedes or Oxnead (d. 1293?), chronicler; reputed author of a chronicle really written by a monk of St. Benet's, Hulme, Norfolk, covering the Deripd from Alfred to 1 293. There is a copy in the Cotton lisa, edited by Sir Henry Ellis (1777-1869) (1859) for the Rolls Series, and another in the Duke of Newcastle's MSS.
  18. ^ John Oxenford (1812–1877), dramatist; author of many plays and of translations from German, French, Spanish, and Italian; became dramatic critic toThe Timer, c, 1860, and held that position for more than a quarter of a century. An essay by him on Iconoclasm in Philosophy based on Schopenhauer'sParerga und rarahpomena ttrst called public attention to Schopenhauer's philosophy in England.
  19. ^ Henry Nutcombe Oxenham (1829–1888), Roman catholic writer; of Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A., 1854; took orders with English church, I but in 1857 was received into the church of Rome; worked I at the Brompton Oratory, and afterwards on the staff of St. Edmund's College, Ware; subsequently held a mastership at the Oratory School, Birmingham; published theological and historical books, including translations of works by Dbllinger, under whom he had studied.
  20. ^ John Oxenham (d. 1575), sea-captain"' with Drake in Central America, 1572; undertook (1674) a second expedition, which was destroyed by the Spaniards; captured and hanged at Lima. Kingsley has introduced a late and partly legendary account of his expedition into his novel Westward Ho ! r xliii. 15
  21. ^ Earls of Oxford . Sec VKRK, KOBKKT DE, third Earl of the first creation, 1170?–1221 ; VERK, JOHX DE, seventh EARL, 1313-1360; VERB, ROBERT DE, ninth KARI,, 1362-1392; VKRE, AUBKKT DK, tenth EARL, 1340 ?-1400; VERB, JOHN DK, thirteenth EARL, 1443-1513; VKRE, JOHN DK, sixteenth EARL, 1512V-1562; VKKK, EDWARD DE, seventeenth EARL, 1650-1604; VERB, HENRY DK, eighteenth EARL, 1593-1625; VERK, AUBREY DK, twentieth ERL, 1626-1703; HARLEY, ROBERT, first EARL of the second creation, 1661-1724; HARLEY, EDWARD, second EARL, 16891741.
  22. ^ John of Oxford (d. 1200), bishop of Norwich; commissioned by Henry II (1164) to request Pope Alexander III to sanction the constitutions of Clarendon; subsequently employed on other important foreign missions; was excommunicated by Becket (1166) for recognising the an ti- pope Paschal, but obtained absolution from Alexander; escorted Becket to England, 1170, and by his firmness prevented the prelate's enemies attacking him when he landed; consecrated bishop of Norwich, 1175; was with two other bishops appointedarchijusticiarius on the reconstruction of the judicial system, 1179.
  23. ^ Henry Oxinden (1609–1670). See Oxenden.
  24. ^ John Oxlee (1779–1854), divine; rector of Scawton, 1815-26, Molesworth, 1836-54; was acquainted with 120 languages and dialects, and had an exceptional knowledge of Hebrew literature; author of The Christian Doctrine of the Trinity, the Incarnation, and the Atonement... maintained on the Principles of Judaism (3 vols.), 18161850.
  25. ^ John Oxley (1781–1828), Australian explorer; surveyor-general of New South Wales, 1812; made explorations between 1817 and 1823 in the interior of New South Wales.
  26. ^ Joseph Oxley (1715–1775), quaker; travelled much in the United States, and was the author of a series of autobiographical letters.
  27. ^ John de Oxnead (d. 1293?). See Oxenedes.
  28. ^ John Ozell (d. 1743), translator ; an accountant by trade; became auditor-general of the city of London and bridge accounts and of St. Paul's Cathedral and St. Thomas's Hospital, London; mentioned in theDunciad; published numerous translations of slight merit.
  29. ^ Simon Paas (1595?–1647), engraver.
  30. '^ Pabo (fl. 520?), Welsh king; one of the rulers of the northern Welsh of Strathclyde.
  31. ^ John Pace (1523?-1590?), professional fool; nephew of Richard Pace; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; became jester to the Duke of Norfolk and afterwards in Elizabeth's court.
  32. ^ Richard Pace(1482?-1536), diplomatist and dean of St. Paul's Cathedral; employed by Wolsey in 1515 to incite the Swiss against Francis I, in 1519 to promote Henry VII's election as emperor, and in 1521 and 1523 to support Wolsey's candidature for the papacy; author of the treatise ' De Fructu,' 1517, and of the oration 'De Pace,' 1518. From 1514 to 1524 his despatches form no inconsiderable portion of the state papers of this country. [xliii, 22]
  33. ^ Thomas Pace (d. 1533). See Skevington.
  34. ^ David Pacifico (1784–1864), Greek trader; a Portuguese Jew, but born a British subject at Gibraltar; hia house in Athens burnt by a mob, 1847, compensation for which was delayed by the Greek government; a dispute followed between France and England and almost ended in war, owing to resolute action in Pacifico's behalf of Palmerston, foreign secretary of English government.
  35. ^ Sir Denis Pack (1772?–1823), major-general; descendant of Sir Christopher Packe; saw service in Flanders in 1794, in the Quiberon expedition, 1795, and in Ireland, 1798; commanded the 71st foot at the capture of Cape of Good Hope, 1806, in the Peninsular, 1808, and the Walcheren expedition, 1809; major-general, 1813; commanded (1810–14) a Portuguese brigade in Spain; K.C.B. 1815; Commanded in 1815 a brigade of Picton's division at Waterloo. [xliii, 25]
  36. ^ George Pack (fl. 1700–1724), actor; originally a singer; acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 17m f. at the Haymarket, London, 1705-7, and at Drury Lane, London; retired, 1724.
  37. ^ Richardson Pack (1682-1728), miscellaneous writer; of Merchant Taylors School, London, and St. John's College, Oxford: barrister, Middle Temple: entered the army; saw service in Spain, 1710, and was promoted major. Edmund Curll printed several works by Pack iu verse and prose between 1719 and 1729.
  38. ^ Sir Christopher Packe (1593?–1682), lord mayor of London; member of the Drapers Company; lord mayor, 1654; a prominent member of the Company of Merchant Adventurers; knighted and appointed an admiralty commissioner, 1655; a strong partisan of Cromwell, proposing on 23 Feb. 1656, in the Protector's last parliament, that Cromwell should assume the title of king; disqualified at the Restoration from holding any public office.
  39. ^ Christopher Packe (fl. 1711), chemist; practised as a quack under the patronage of Edmund Dickinson and others; author of chemical works of an empirical character.
  40. ^ Christopher Packe (1686–1749), physician ; son of Christopher Packe (Jl. 1711): of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London: created M.D. Cambridge (comitiis regiis), 1717; practised at Canterbury from 1726; published two philosophico-chorographieal dissertations on a chart of East Kent, 1736 and 1743.
  41. '^ Christopher Packe or Pack (fl. 1796), portrait- and landscape-painter,
  42. ^ Edmund Packe (fl. 1735), M.D. and chemist'; son of Christopher Packe (fl. 1711)
  43. ^ John Packer (1570?–1649), clerk of the privy seal, 1604; of Cambridge and Trinity College, Oxford; envoy to Denmark, 1610; received many favour? from Oliarles I, but in 1640 refused him a loan and allied himself with parliament; his property in Kent sequestered for a time by the royalist forces; a visitor of the university of Oxford, 1647.
  44. ^ John Hayman Packer (1730–1806), actor; oriirinally a saddler; acted at Drury Lane Theatre, London, under Garrick; retired, 1805.
  45. ^ William Packer (fl. 1644–1660), soldier; entered the parliamentary army early in the war and commanded Cromwell's regiment at Dunbar, 1650; promoted by Cromwell, but on becoming discontented at the restoration of the House of Lords, and opposing the Protector's policy, was deprived of his posts; joined Lambert against parliament, 1659; his property confiscated at the Restoration,
  46. ^ Padarn (fl. 650), Welsh saint; born of Breton parents: laboured in Britain and Ireland as a missionary; spent his last days in Brittany, founding a monastery at Vannes. Hi Latin name, Pateruus, has caused him to be wrongly identified with Paternus, bishop of Avrauches.
  47. ^ Tom Paddock (1823?-1863), pugilist; champion of England, 1855, but defeated (1856) by Bill Perry, the Tipton slasher.
  48. ^ Sir William Paddy (1554–1634), physician : of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford (fellow); B.A.. 1573: M.D. Leyden, 1689 (incorporated at Oxford, 1591): physician to James I, 1603; knk'hu-d. Kin:;; president of the College of Physicians, Itn'i, 161(1, 1611, and 1618; friend of Laud and benefactor of St. John's ollive, Oxford.
  49. ^ Padrig (373–463). See Patrick.
  50. ^ John of Padua (fl. 1542-1549), architect; employed in matters relating to architecture and music by Henry VIII and Edward VI: doubtfully identified with Sir John Thynne q. v., Sir John Thorpe (fl. 1570-1610) , and John Caius (1610-1671)
  51. ^ Isobel Pagan (d. 1821), versifier; author of 'A Collection of Song* and Poem (pobUahed, e. 1806): credited by legend with the songs Ca' the Yowes to the Knowes (revised by Bunts) and the Crook and Plaid.
  52. ^ James Pagan (1811–1870), journalist: editor of .lasgow Heraldfrom 1866; published works on Glasgow antiquities
  53. ^ Adam Paganel (fl. 1210), founder of a tnonwUc bouse at Glandford Bridge in the time of King John.
  54. ^ Fulk Paganel (d. 1182), baron of Hambie in Normandy: son of William Paganel; a constant attendant of Henry II when abroad.
  55. ^ Fulk Paganel (d. 1210?), second son of Fulk Pupanel (d. 1182); suspected of treachery to King John, 1203, but afterwards restored to favour.
  56. ^ Ralph Paganel (fl. 1089), sheriff of Yorkshire; seized the lands of William de St. Carilef, 1088, by the order of William II.
  57. ^ William Paganel (Jl. 1136), soldier; son of Ralph Paganel; defeated at Moutiers Hubert (1136) by Geoffrey Plautagenet
  58. ^ Gervase Paganell or Painel (fl. 1189), baron, lord of Dudley Castle; joined the rebellion of Prince Henry, 1173.
  59. ^ Benjamin William Page (1765–1846), admiral; saw much service in the eastern seas, and piloted the squadron which captured the Moluccas in 1796.
  60. ^ David Page (1814–1879), geologist; educated at St. Andrews; LL.D., 1867; became scientific editorto W. & R. Chambers, 1843; F.G.S., 1863: professor of geology at Durham University College of Science, 1873.
  61. ^ Sir Francis Page (1661?–1741), judge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1690; bencher, 1713; knighted, 1715; appointed a baron of the exchequer, 1718; transferred to the court of common pleas, 1726, and to the king's bench, 1727; known to his contemporaries as the hanging judge satirised by Pope, assailed by Dr. Johnson, and vituperated by Savage, whom he had condemned to death for killing a man in a tavern brawl.
  62. ^ Frederick Page (1769–1834), writer on the poor laws; of Oriel College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1792; bencher, 1826.
  63. ^ John Page (1760?–1818), vocalist and compiler of musical works; vicar-choral of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1801.
  64. ^ Samuel Page (1574-1630), poet and divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1594: fellow, 1591: D.D., 1611; naval chaplain in the expedition to Cadiz, 1595: vicar of St. Nicholas, Deptford, 1597: author of sermons and of The Love of Amos and Laura a poem which appeared in Alcilia 1613.
  65. ^ Thomas Page (1803–1877), civil engineer; M.I.C.E., 1837; made designs for the embankment of the Thames, 1842; constructed the Chelsea suspension bridge, 1868, and Westminster Bridge, London, 1862; carried out the Albert Embankment, London, 1869.
  66. ^ Sir Thomas Hyde Page (1746-1821), military engineer; served in the war of independence in North America, and was severely wounded at Bunker's Hill, 1775; constructed the ferry at Chatham; F.R.S., 1783; knighted, 1783; consulting engineer to several Irian institutions. * 11U - 43 J
  67. ^ William Page (1590–1663), divine: M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1614: incorporated at Cambridge, 11 fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1619: D.D., 16S4: master of Reading grammar school. 1629-44, and rector of nanniiurtmi. Hampshire: sequestered from both preferments, but in 147 made rector of East L*tne; translated Thomas a Kempis's Imitatio Chrirti 19. and published religious treatises.
  68. ^ John Pageham or Pagham (d. 1158), bishop of Worcester.
  69. ^ Lord Alfred Henry Paget ( 1816–1888), son of Sir Henry William Paget, first marquis of Anglesey; of Westminster School; Liberal M.P. for Lichfield; was chief equerry, 1846-74, and clerk marshal of the royal household, 1846-88; general in the army, 1881.
  70. ^ Sir Arthur Paget (1771–1840), diplomatist; brother of Sir Henry William Paget, first marquis of AnSSr tq'v I of Westnunster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P, Anglesey, 1794-1807; represented England at Berlin, 1794; envoy extraordinary to elector palatine, 1798, to court of Naples, 1800, to Vienna, 1801-6, where heaMistod to form toe third coalition against France, 180*- privy councillor, 1804; Q.O.B., 1816; ambassador to Turkey, 1807-0.
  71. ^ Sir Augustus Berkeley Paget (1823–1896), diplomatist; son of Sir Arthur Paget; attache at Madrid, 1843-6, and at Paris, 1846-52; secretary of legation at Athens, 1852, and at the Hague, 1854-5; charge d'affaires at the Hague, 1855-6, Lisbon, 1857-8, and Berlin, 1858: minister at court of Denmark, 1859; envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to King Victor Emmanuel, 1867-76, and ambassador, 1876-83; ambassador at Vienna, 1884-93; K.C.B., 1863; privy councillor, 1876; G.C.B., 1883; published his father's memoirs under title ofTu Paget Papers 1895. Suppl. iii. 2391
  72. ^ Charles Paget (d. 1612), Roman catholic conspirator; of Gonville and Caius College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge: son of William Paget, first baron Paget : retired to Paris in 1572 and became secretary to Mary Stuart's ambassador, James Beaton (1517-1603) q. v.l: secretly opposed Beaton and acted as an English spy; visited England, 1583, but was justly suspected of treasonable plotting; retired again to France; his surrender demanded by the English ambassador, 1584; attainted, 1587; entered service of king of Spain, 1588; removed to Brussels, but perfidiously corresponded with Cecil; advocated the claims of James VI to the English crown, opposing those of the infanta, and in 1599 threw up bis Spanish employment; his attainder reversed after Jama's accession and his estates restored.
  73. ^ Sir Charles Paget (1778–1839), vice-admiral; brother of Sir Henry William Paget, first marquis of Anglesey; entered the navy, 1790; commanded ou the North American and West Indian stations, 1837-9; G.O.H., 1832; vice-admiral, 1837.
  74. ^ Lord Clarence Edward Paget (1811–1895), admiral; son of Sir Henry William Paget, first marquis of Anglesey q. v.; of Westminster School; M.P., Sandwich, 1847-52 and 1857-66; secretary to the admiralty, 1859-66; commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean, 18661869; admiral, 1870; privy councillor; G.C.B., 1886.
  75. ^ Sir Edward Paget (1775–1849), general; brother of Sir Henry William Paget, first marquis of Anglesey : cornet, 1792; commanded the reserve at Coruna, 1809; conducted the advance to Oporto, 1809: appointed second in command to Wellcsley, 1811, but almost immediately taken prisoner; G.C.B., 1812: conducted the Burmese campaigns of 1824-5; general, 1825.
  76. ^ Francis Edward Paget (1806–1882), divine ; son of Sir Edward Paget; of WestSchool and Christ Church, Oxford; student, 18J5-36; M.A., 1830: rector of Elford, 1835; published tales illustrating his views on church and social reforms.
  77. ^ Lord George Augustus Frederick Paget (1818-1880), general; son of Sir Henry William Paget, lint marquis of Anglesey; of Westminster School; served throughout the Crimean campaign; commanded the third line in the charge of the light brigade at Balaclava; his Crimean Journals published, 1881.
  78. ^ Sir George Edward Paget (1809–1892), physician; fellow of Oaius College, Cambridge, 1832-51; M.D.,1SW; physician at Addenbrooke's Hospital, 1839-84, and regius professor of physic at Cambridge, 1872-92;
  79. ^ Henry Paget , first Earl of Uxbridge (d. 1743), son of William, sixth baron Paget; M.P., Staffordshire, 1695-1711, and lord of the treasury, 1711-15; privy councillor, 1711; created Baron Burton, 1711, and Earl of Uxbridge, 1714.
  80. ^ Henry Paget , second Earl of Uxbridge (1719-1769), son of Thomas Catesby Paget, baron Paget; chiefly remarkable for an inordinate love of money.
  81. ^ Sir Henry William Paget, first Marquis of Anglesey and second Earl of Uxbridge of the second creation (1768-1854), descended from William Paget, fifth baron Paget; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Carnarvon boroughs, 1790-6, for MUborne Port, 1796-1810; raised a regiment of infantry in 1793, chietiy from among bis father's Staffordshire tenants, which on the outbreak of war became the 80th foot; served in Flanders, 1794, and in Holland, 1799; commanded the cavalry with great distinction in Spain under Sir John Moore, and the cavalry and horse artillery at Waterloo, where he lost a leg; created Marquis of Anglesey, 1815; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1828; favoured catholic emancipation; adopted a conciliatory attitude to the catholics, and was recalled in January 1829 in consequence of differences with the prime minister, the Duke of Wellington; re-appointed by Lord Grey (December 1830), found himself opposed by O'Connell, and retired in 1833, after establishing the board of education; field-marshal, 1846.
  82. ^ Sir James Paget , first baronet (1814–1899), surgeon; brother of Sir George Edward Paget; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; M.R.C.S., 1836; sub-editor of Medical Gazette 1837-42; demonstrator of morbid anatomy at St. Bartholomew's, 1839; lecturer ou general anatomy and physiology, 1843; warden of the college for students, 1843-51; full surgeon, 1861-71; consulting surgeon, 1871; F.R.C.S., 1843; Arris and Gale professor of anatomy, 1847-52; vice-president, 1873-4; president, 1875; surgeon extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1858, serjeant-surgeon extraordinary, 1867-77, and serjeaut-surgeou, 1877; baronet, 1871; vice-chancellor of London University, 1883-95; F.R.S., 1851; D.C.L. Oxford; LL.D. Cambridge; M.D. Dublin, Bonn, and WUrzburg: published Lectures on Surgical Pathology 1853, and other writings.
  83. ^ John Paget (d. 1640), nonconformist divine ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1698; rector of Nautwich, 1598; ejected for nonconformity; went to Holland (1604) and was minister of. the English presbyterian church at Amsterdam, 1607-37; wrote on controversial subjects.
  84. ^ John Paget (1808–1892), agriculturist and writer on Hungary; M.D. Edinburgh; married (1837) the Baroness Polyxena Wesselenyi, and settled on her Hungarian estates.
  85. ^ John Paget (1811–1898), police magistrate and author; barrister, Middle Temple, 1838; secretary successively to lord chancellors Truro and Cranworth, 18501856; magistrate at Thames police court, 1864, and subsequently at the Hammersmith and Wandsworth, and the West London court; resigned, 1889; published essays on literary, historical, and legal subjects.
  86. ^ Nathan Paget (1615–1679), physician; M.A. Edinburgh; M.D. Leyden, 1639; son of Thomas Paget (d. 1660); nominated physician to the Tower of London in 1649; friend of Milton.
  87. ^ Thomas Paget, third Baron Paget (d. 1590), son of William, first baron Pnget: fellow-commoner of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1569; being a Roman catholic fled to the continent, 1583, on the discovery of Throgmorton's plot; obtained a pension from Spain; attainted, 1587; died at Brussels.
  88. ^ Thomas Paget (d. 1660), divine; brother of John Paget (d. 1640); M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1612; succeeded his brother at Amsterdam; obtained preferment in England, 1639.
  89. ^ Thomas Catesby Paget, Baron Paget (d. 1742), son of Henry Paget, first earl of Uxbridge; M.P., Staffordshire, 1715 and 1722; wrote several pieces in prose and verse.
  90. ^ William Paget , first Baron Paget of Beaudesert (1505–1563), educated at St. 1'iuil'and Trinity Hull, Cuiiit.n.k-: employed on vari.. matio services by Henry VIII; sent M ambassador to Franc.-. 1541, to explain the (nil of Catherine Howard; made a privy councillor and a secretary of state on his return; for the closing yearn of the reign was, with the first Kurl of Hertford see SEYMOUR, BUWAKD (1606 7-1552), probably H.-niV- chief adviser; K.G. and comptroller of the king's household on the accession of Edward VI; played a prominent part lu the plot to set aside Henry Vl II v will, ami proposed a protectorate in the council; created Baron Paget of Beaodesert, 1549; remained faithful to Somerset, was arrested (1551) on tincharge of conspiring against Warwick's life, and (1562) degraded from the Garter on the ground of Insufficient birth, and fined 6.000. for n-im: hi* offices for his private emolument; after Edward VI's death joined Queen Jane's council, but functioned the proclamation of Queen Mary, 1563; became a privy councillor, was restored to the Garter, and, in 1666, made lord privy seal; relinquished his offices on Queen Elizabeth's accession.
  91. ^ William Paget , fourth Baron Paget (1572–1629), son of Thomas, third baron Paget; B.A. Christ church, Oxford, 1690; a staunch protestant: restored by James I to the lands and honours forfeited by his father's attainder.
  92. ^ Sir William Paget, fifth Baron Paget (1609–1678), son of William, fourth baron Paget; K.M.. 1G25; of Christ Church, Oxford; at flret in sympathy - ith parliament against Charles I, but on the outbreak of war joined the king; his estates sequestered,
  93. ^ William Paget, sixth Baron Paget (1637–1713), son of Sir William, fifth baron Paget; ambassador at Vienna, 1689-93; ambassador to Turkey, 1693-1702, where he negotiated the treaty of Carlowitz, 1699.
  94. ^ Ephraim Pagit or Pagitt (1575?–1647), heresiographer; son of Eusebius Pagit; matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford; author of Cbristianographie 1635, and Heresiographie 1645, a valuable account of contemporary sects.
  95. ^ Kusebius Pagit (1561?–1617), puritan divine; student of Christ Church, Oxford; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1567; rector of Lamport, 1572-4, and of Kilkhampton, of which he was deprived for nonconformity to parts of the Anglican ritual in 1585; rector of St. Anne and St. Agnes, London, 1604-17; remained without a charge from 1585 to the death of Whitgift: published theological treatises.
  96. ^ William Pagula (d. 1350?), theologian : vicar of Winkfleld, near Windsor, 1330; devoted his time to study; wrote theological treatises.
  97. ^ George Richard Pain (1793?–1838), architect: practised with his brother,.hum- Pain
  98. ^ James Pain (1779?–1877), architect and builder; grandson of William Pain; designed and built a number of churches and glebe houses in Munster.
  99. ^ William Pain (1730?–1790?), writer on architecture and joinery; wrote several treatises between 1759 and 1785.
  100. ^ James Paine or Payne (1725–1789), architect; designed many large houses, described in his Plans of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Residences 1767-83; he held several government appointments, and (1771) was elected president of the Society of Artiste of Great Britain.
  101. ^ James Paine (d. 1829?), architect; son of James Paine (1725-1789); original member of the Architects Club 1791.
  102. ^ Thomas Paine (1737–1809), author of the Rights of Man; son of Joseph Paine, n staymaker and small farmer of Thetford, and a member of the Society of Friends; put to his father's business at the age of thirteen: joined a privateer when nineteen years old; became a supernumerary excise officer at Thetford, 1761: drew up, while stationed at Lewes, 1772, a statement of rt irxv.u.,.-..1;...-:, ru printed I; member* of parUamrn t!.c -X.-!,:!, tnluit-l to movement for Increase of pay; diml* of tbe agitation; separated from hswii America with an Introduction from Frankli lisbed hia pamphletCommon Sense 1 the transactions which had led to the war with England, In the autumn and became a volunteer aide-de-camp to General Nathaniel Greene, animating the troop* bj bis affairs, April 1777, but lost his post, 1779, in conseqoeooe of making indiscreet revelation* in regard to the Fren. h alliance; clerk to the Pennsylvania assembly, 1779: tinned to write political pamphlets on public affairs; resigned position as clerk, 1780, and (1781) went to France on a political mission as secretary to Colonel Lanrens, the American envoy, returning to Boston in August 1781: allowed a salary f Hla hundred dollarson the conclusion of the war to enable him to continue his writings; becamf absorbed in an invention for an iron bridge, r. 1786, ana suilal to Europe to promote his idea, 1787; published in London the first part of hisRights of Man in reply to , Burke'sReflexions on the Revolution 1790; on the appearance of the second part (1792) was compelled to fly to France to avoid prosecution, the book having become  ! a manifesto of the party in sympathy with the French revolution: given the titl- ot French citizen 17 Aug. 1 1792; elected a memtter of the convention, September 1792; opposed the execution of Louis XVI, and was arrested in December 1793, just after the completion of the first part of theAge of Reason his life saved by the fall of Robespierre; released, November 1794, having written most of the second part of theAge of Reason while in prison; published the Age of Reason 1793, which increased the odium in wh was held in England; returned to America, 1802: during his last sojourn there lived in easier circum I stances, but found political and theological antipathies strong, and was more or lessostracised both as an 1 opponent of Washington and the federalist* and as the  ! author of the Age of Reason: died at New York. He is the only English writer who expresses with uncom ! promising sharpness the abstract doctrine of political rights held by the French revolutionists. His connection with the American struggle, and afterwards with the French movement, gave him a unique position, and his ritings became a sort of text-book for the extreme I radical party in England.
  103. ^ Edward Painter (1784–1868), pugilist; beat Thomas Winter Spring, 1818, and Tom Oliver , 1820.
  104. ^ William Painter (1540?–1594), author; of St. John's College, Cambridge; head-master of Sevenoaks school: made clerk of the ordnance, 1561; acquired fortune by irregular practices with public money; author of The Palace of Pleasure (1566) (last reprint, 1890), a work consisting of stories translated from Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, which made Italian novelist* known in England, and wax largely utilised by the Elizabethan dramatists.
  105. ^ James Paisible (1656?–1721), flautist and composer; native of France; came to England, r. 1680: performed for the Duchesse de Mazarin at Chelsea and before Queen Anne; published numerous works.
  106. ^ Paisley, first Baron (1543?–1622). See Claud Hamilton.
  107. ^ Thomas Pakeman (1614?-1691), dissenting divine; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1637; officiated from 1648 at Harrow-on-the-Hill; ejected, 1663: afterwards ministered at Brentford and Stratford.
  108. ^ Sir Edward Michael Pakenham (1778-1815), major-general, brother of Sir Hercules Robert Pakeubam; entered the army. 1794; commanded the 64th (1803) at the capture of SU Lucia, where be was wounded; brevet-colonel, 1806: joined Wellington in the , Peninsula after Talavera: led the decisive movement of the third division at Salamanca, 1812, his conduct  : earning him a remarkable eulogy from Wellington; commanded the north division at Snnroren, 1813; 1 major-general, 1813; G.O.B., 1815; killed in America while directing an assault on New Orleans.
  109. '^ Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham (1781-1850), lieutenant-general; brother of Sir Kdwar.l Mirhai-l r a T.l; eiiU'nil tlu-arniy, 1HU3; scrverl throiigb iPeninsaiar war, and w.i-.i.-M-nil by Wellington MI one of the best officers of riflemen 1 have seen **fl. 1887; K.O.B., 1838; lieuteuant-ge.ienU, j -;. LXIIH. MJ
  110. ^ Sir Richard Pakenham (1797–1868), diplomatist son of Sir Thomas Pakenbam; of Trinity OoUegV Dublin: minister plenipotentiary to Mexico (1835-43), the United States (1843-7), and at Lisbon.
  111. ^ Sir Thomas Pakenham (1757–1836), admiral; uncle of Sir Edward Michael Pakenham; entered the navy. 1771; honourably acquitted by court-martial for UK? loss of his ship, 1781; his conduct in the battle 'of 1 June 1794 spoken of as particularly brilliant; admiral, 1810; G.O.B., 1820.
  112. ^ Lady Dorothy Palington (d. 1679), reputed author of The Whole Duty of Man (1658); daughter of Thomas Coventry, first baron Coventry, and wife of Sir John Pakington (1620-1680); probably only a copyist of the Duty. The first public allusion to her as author was not made till 1697, while internal evidence shows that the author was a practised divine, and one acquainted with Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic. It was probably written by Richard Allestree, who in all likelihood was the author also of other works generally ascribed to Lady Dorothy Pakington.
  113. ^ Sir John Pakington (d. 1560), serjeant-at-law; treasurer, Inner Temple, 1529; granted licence to remain covered in the king's presence, 1529; serjeant-atlaw, 1532; in later life lived in Wales, where he is often spoken of as a judge, and in Worcestershire.
  114. ^ Sir John Pakington , first baronet (1600–1624), son of Sir John Pakington (1549-1625); created baronet, 1620; M.P., Aylesbury, 1623-4.
  115. ^ Sir John Pakington (1549–1625), courtier; great-nephew of Sir John Pakington (d. 1560); B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1669; student, Lincoln's Inn, 1570; remarkable for wit and personal beauty; knighted, 1587: nicknamed Lusty Pakington by Qtui-n Klizabeth, who took great pleasure in his athletic achievements; lived for a few years in great splendour in London, and outran his fortune, but retrieved it by the queen's favour, strict economy, and (1598) a wealthy marriage; sheriff of Worcestershire, 1595 and 1607.
  116. ^ Sir John Pakington, second baronet (1620-1680), royalist; son of Sir John Pakington, first baronet; fought at Kineton, 1642, but voluntarily surrendered himself to the speaker to compound, 1646; took part In the Worcester campaign (1651), and suffered considerable pecuniary losses under the Commonwealth; his fortunes retrieved by the Restoration: M.P., Worcestershire, 1661-79.
  117. ^ Sir John Pakington , third baronet (1649-1688), Anglo-Saxon scholar; of Christ Church, Oxford; fon of Sir John Pakington, second baronet; a pupil of George Hickee; under his tuition he (ecame one of the finest Anglo-Saxon scholars of the time; MJ., Worcestershire, 1686-7.
  118. ^ Sir John Pakington , fourth baronet (1671-1727), politician and alleged original of Addlson'sSir lioger de Coverley only son of Sir John Pakingtou, third baronet; M.P., Worcestershire, 1690-5 and 1698-1727; a pronounced tory; proposed an address to William III requesting him to remove Burnet from the j-OBt of preceptor to the Duke of Gloucester, 1699; supI ortod the bill for preventing occasional conformity, 1 703; and opposed the union, 1707; warrant issued for bis ..rrest on the outbreak of the 1716 rebellion; managed to clear himself before the council. He was first identified with Sir Roger de Coverley in 1783 by Thomas Tyere , but then is little resemblance beyond the fact that both were baronets of Worcestershire. Pakington vra* only thirty-nine when the Spectator first appeared m 1711, while Sir Roger was fifty-five. He had beeu twice married, while Sir Roger was a bachelor, and he was an energetic politician, while Sir Roger visited Londao only occasionally.
  119. ^ Sir John Somerset Pakington, first Baron Hampton and first baronet (1799–1880), was son of William Russell, taking the name of his maternal uncle, Sir John Pakington, eighth baronet, in 1831, on succeeding to his estates; of Eton and Oriel College, Oxford: conservative M.P. for Droitwich, 1837-74; created baronet, 1846; secretary for war and colonies under Lord Derby in 1862; twice first lord of the admiralty, under Lord Derby, 1858 and 1866; secretary for war, 1867, retaining office until Disraeli's resignation in December 1868; indiscreetly revealed (1867) the secret history of the ministerial Reform Bill, afterwards known as the Ten Minutes Bill; created Baron Hampton, 1874.
  120. ^ William Pakington (d. 1390), chronicler; clerk and treasurer of the household of Edward the Black Prince; chancellor of the exchequer, 1381; dean of Lichfield, 1381-90; held several prebends; wrote a chronicle in French, beginning with the ninth year of John; only some extracts made by Leland from a French epitome are extant.
  121. ^ Elias Palairet (1713–1765), philologer : born at Rotterdam; pastor of several foreign congregations in London; published some useful treatises on the philology of the New Testament and kindred subjects,
  122. ^ John Palairet (1697–1774), author; born at Montaubon; French teacher to three of George IPs children; wrote educational compendium in French.
  123. ^ Sir Horatio Palavicino (d. 1600), merchant and political agent; born at Genoa; on his arrival in England was appointed by Queen Mary collector of the papal taxes; according to tradition abjured Romanism on Queen Mary's death, and, appropriating the sums he had collected, laid the foundation of an enormous fortune, extending his business operations to most parts of the globe; knighted, 1587; lent largely to Queen Elizabeth, Henry of Navarre, and the United Provinces; of importance as a collector of political intelligence, his numerous commercial correspondents often enabling him to forestall other sources of information; English envoy to various continental states.
  124. ^ Frederick Apthorp Paley (1815 - 1888), classical scholar; grandson of William Paley; of Shrewsbury School and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1842; hon. LL.D. Aberdeen, 1883; became famous as a Greek scholar withJSschyli quae supersunt omnia 1844-7; sympathised with the Oxford movement, and (1846) was forced to leave Cambridge in consequence of a suspicion that he had encouraged one of his pupils to join the Roman church; became a Roman catholic, and (1847-56) acted as private tutor hi various wealthy families; returned to Cambridge on the partial removal of religious disabilities, 1860; private tutor till 1874: professor of classical literature of the new catholic university college at Kensington, 1874-7. His publications include The Tragedies of Euripides 1857, his introductions to the plays of Euripides being models of clearness, Manual of Gothic Mouldings 1845, The Epics of Hesiod 1861, editions and translations of other classical authors, and Bibliographia Graeca 1881. He was a firm believer hi theory of the Solar Myth and propounded the suggestion that the Iliad and Odyssey were put together out of a general stock of traditions in the time of Pericles.
  125. ^ William Paley (1743–1805), archdeacon of Carlisle and author of the Evidences ot Christianity; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; senior wrangler, 1763; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1766, and college lecturer; presented to Musgrave in Cumberland, 1776, whence he removed to Appleby, 1777; installed a prebendary of Carlisle, 1780, and (1782) appointed archdeacon; publishedPrinciples of Morals and Political Philosophy 1785, for which he received 1,000., and which at once became a Cambridge text-book; published his I most original book, Horse Pauline which was also the I least successful, 1790; brought out Evidences of Christianity 1794, which succeeded brilliantly, and secured I him ample preferment; his last book, Natural Theology 1802; a good whist player and equestrian. His mo i rality is one of the best statements of the utilitarianism of the eighteenth century, differing chiefly from Bentham by its introduction of the supernatural sanction. His book upon the Evidences is a compendium of a whole library of arguments produced by the orthodox opponents of the deists of the eighteenth century, im-i )...- Nutu nil Theology an admirably clear account of the a posteriori argument. The accusation of plagiarism brought against Paley arises from a misconception of his purpose, which was rather inclusiveness and harmony tlian originality. The latest collectioun of his works were published, 1837 and 1861.
  126. ^ Thomas Palfreyman (d. 1589?), author; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, London, till 1589; published four religious exhortations, besides editing a Treatise of Moral Philosophy 1567.
  127. ^ Sir Francis Palgrave (1788–1861), historian; son of Meyer Cohen, a Jew; embraced Christianity and adopted the surname Palgrave in 1823; barrister, Middle Temple, 1827: deputy-keeper of her majesty's records, 1838-61; author, among other works, of The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth 1832, and of 'The History of Normandy and England 1851-64; assisted in the publication of public records; knighted, 1832; rendered great service in promoting the critical study of mediaeval history in England.
  128. ^ Francis Turner Palgrave (1824–1897), poet and critic; son of Sir Francis Palgrave; educated at Charterhouse School and Balliol College, Oxford; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1847; B.A. and M.A., 1856; assistant private secretary to William Ewart Gladstone , 1846; entered education department, e. 1848; viceprincipal, 1850-5, of Kneller Hall, Twickenham, where he became close friend of Tennyson; successively examiner and assistant secretary of education department, 1855-84; art critic to Saturday Review: published, 1864, Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics and other anthologies, including a second series of The Golden Treasury 1896; professor of poetry at Oxford, 1885-96. His publications include lectures, critical essays, and several volumes of original poems.
  129. ^ William Gifford Palgrave (1826–1888), diplomatist; son of Sir Francis Palgrave; of Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Oxford (B.A.); became a Jesuit missionary in Syria and Arabia, and often assumed the disguise of a Syrian doctor that he might visit parts of Arabia to which no European could penetrate; severed his connection with the Jesuits, 1865, and became an English diplomatist in Abyssinia (1865), Trebizond (1867), Turkish Georgia (1870), the Upper Euphrates (1872), the West Indies (1873), Manilla (1876), Bulgaria (1878), Bangkok (1879), and Uruguay (1884). His * Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1865) is well known.
  130. ^ William Palin (1803–1882), divine; matriculated from St. Alban Hall, Oxford; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1833; M.A., 1851; rector of Stifford, 1834-82; author and hymn-writer.
  131. ^ Sir Robert Palk, first baronet (1717–1798), governor of Madras; became a member of the Madras council, 1753, and governor, 1763; concluded the pusillanimous treaty of Hyderabad (1766) with the nizam, by which he surrendered the sircar of Guntur, consented to pay tribute for the other sircars, and agreed to furnish the nizam with military assistance; returned to England, 1767; M.P. Ashburton, 1767-84 and 1774-87; created baronet, 1772. Palk Strait, between Ceylon and India, was named after him..
  132. ^ Palladius (fl. 431?), archdeacon and missionary to Ireland; native of southern Gaul; sent to Ireland by Pope Celestine, after Patrick's mission had begun, probably to introduce the Roman discipline, but met with no success, and crossed to Britain, where he died shortly after.
  133. ^ Richard Pallady (fl. 1533–1556), architect; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; designed the original Somerset House, which was commenced in 1546.
  134. ^ Fanny Bury Palliser (1805–1878), writer on art; sister of Frederick Marryat; married Captain Richard Bury Palliser, 1832; published seven original works, chiefly on art subjects.
  135. ^ Sir Hugh Palliser, first baronet (1723–1796), admiral; entered the navy, 1736; commander, 1746; governor and commander-in-chief at Newfoundland, 1762-1766, and directed a surrey of the ooasU: comptroller of the navy, 177U; created a baronet, 1778: rear-admiral, 1775; a lord of the admiralty, 1775; vice-admiral,: while serving under Keppel In 1778 acted very insobordiuately during action in the Channel, bat WM acquitted by a packed court-martial. In spite of popular indignation; not reinstated in the offices which he had resigned In anticipation of his trial, but in 1788 was appointed governor of Greenwich Hospital; admiral, 1787.
  136. ^ John Palliser (1807–1887), geographer and explorer; travelled in North America, in the unknown regions of the far west, between 1847 and 1861.
  137. ^ William Palliser (1646–1786), archbishop of Cashel; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1668; professor of divinity, Dublin, 1678; appointed bishop of Cloyne, 1693; translated to Cashel, 1694: bequeathed the Bibliotheca Palliseriana to Trinity College, Dublin.
  138. ^ Sir William Palliser (1830–1882), inventor of Palliser shot; brother of John Palliser; of Rugby, Trinity College, Dublin, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; author of numerous inventions, particularly in relation to projectiles, among the chief being bis method of converting smooth bores into rifled guns (1862) and his patent for chilled cast-iron shot (1863), which for a time superseded steel projectiles; C.B., 1868; knighted, 1873.
  139. ^ Wray Richard Gledstanes Palliser (d. 1891), commander; brother of John Palliser; distinguished himself in 1854 in expeditions against Chinese pirates.
  140. ^ Thomas Palmarius (fl. 1410). See Palmer.
  141. ^ Alicia Tindal Palmer (fl. 1809–1815), novelist; author of three novels and of Authentic Memoirs of Sobieski 1815.
  142. ^ Anthony Palmer (1618?–1679), independent; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1640; M.A., 1641; ejected from rectory of Bourton-on-the- Water, 1662; published six theological treatises.
  143. ^ Anthony Palmer (d. 1693), divine; rector of Bratton Fleming, c. 1645; ejected, 1662.
  144. ^ Anthony Palmer (1675?-1749), New England pioneer; probably born in England; administered the government of Pennsylvania in 1747-8.
  145. ^ Arthur Palmer (1841–1897), classical scholar and textual critic; born at Gwelph, Ontario, Canada: educated at Cheltenham College and Trinity College, Dublin; fellow, 1867; professor of Latin, 1880; public orator, 1888; M.A., 1867; Litt.D. Dublin; LLJX Glasgow. 1890; D.C.L. Oxford, 1894; published several editions of classical texts.
  146. ^ Sir Arthur Hunter Palmer (1819–1898), colonial politician; emigrated to New South Wales, 1838; member of legislative assembly of Queensland for Port Curtis, 1866; premier and colonial secretary, 1870-4, and secretary for lands, 1873-4; president of legislative council and K.C.M.G., 1881.
  147. ^ Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland (1641-1709). See Villiers.
  148. ^ Charles Palmer (1777-18*1), major-general: of Eton and Oriel College, Oxford; son of John Palmer (1742-1818); whig M.P., Bath, 1808-26 and 1830-7; served through the Peninsular war with the luth dragoons, and became, after his father, proprietor of the Bath Theatre; major-general, 1825.
  149. ^ Charles John Palmer (1808–1888), historian of Great Yarmouth: practised as an attorney there from 1827; edited the history of Yarmouth by Henry Manship (d. 1625) In 1854, and wrote a continuation in 1856, besides other works.
  150. ^ Charlotte Palmer (fl. 1780–1787), author; engaged in the profession of teaching; published several novels and letters.
  151. ^ Edward Palmer (fl. 1578), antiquary; of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; made a collection of English antiquities, which was dispersed on his death.
  152. ^ Edward Henry Palmer (1840–1882), orientalist; son of a schoolmaster; learned Italian and French, while a junior clerk in London, from conversation in cafes; made the acquaintance of the teacher of Hindustani at Cambridge, I860, and turned his attention to oriental tongues; gained admission to St. John's College, Cambridge, as a tricar, 1883; fellow, 1867; M.A., 1870; accompanied Henry Spencer Palmer and (Sir) Charles Wilson in their survey of Sinai; visited Palestine, and improved his knowledge of Arabic dialects, 1869-70; published The Desert of the Exodus (a popular account of his travels) 1871; lord almoner's professor of Arabic at Cambridge, 1871; from that time did much literary work in Arabic, Hindustani, and Persian; went to London, 1881, and was employed on the staff of theStandard as a leader-writer; despatched by Gladstone's government on a secret mission, the purport of which, so far as known, was to attempt to detach the Arab tribes from the side of the Egyptian rebels, 1882; succeeded, and was appointed interpreter-in-chief to the English forces in Egypt, but while engaged in further negotiations with tribes beyond Suez was murdered at Wady Sudr by Arab robbers. His remains were brought home and buried in St. Paul's Cathedral in April 1883.
  153. ^ Lady Eleanor Palmer (1720?-1818), daughter of Michael Ambrose, a brewer of Dublin; married, in 1752, Roger Palmer of Mayo and Dublin, created a baronet in 1777; celebrated for her beauty, in which she rivalled the Gunnings.
  154. ^ Sir Geoffrey Palmer, first baronet (1598–1670), attorney-general: barrister, Middle Temple, 1623, treasurer, 1661; an original member of the Long parliament, but joined the king's party; nominated attorney-general and created baronet at the Restoration.
  155. ^ George Palmer (1772–1853), philanthropist; an East India merchant who designed a style of lifeboat which was in general use between 1826 and 1858; master of the Mercers Company, 1821; conservative M.P., South Essex, 1836-1847.
  156. ^ George Palmer (1818–1897), biscuit manufacturer; apprenticed as miller and confectioner at Taunton, c. 1832; established at Reading (1841) with Thomas Huntley (d. 1857), biscuit business of Huntley & Palmer, which on application of steam machinery to manufacture of biscuits, rapidly grew to large proportions; mayor of Reading, 1867; liberal M.P. for Reading, 1878-85.
  157. ^ Sir Henry Palmer (d. 1559), soldier; brother of Sir Thomas Palmer (d. 1553); took part in capture of Boulogne, 1544; master of ordnance at Boulogne 1546; for many years held a subordinate command at Calais, at the fall of which in 1558 he was taken prisoner.
  158. ^ Sir Henry Palmer (d. 1611), naval commander on active service between 1576 and 1611; fought against the Spanish Armada, 1588; comptroller of the navy, 1598.
  159. ^ Henry Spencer Palmer general, royal engineers; nephew of Sir HeVf James; entered royal engineers, 1866; took part in the survey of British Columbia (1868-63), in the parliamenT UD rle8 Commi88 in under Disraeli's reform act (1867), and in the survey of Sinaitic Peninsula (1868-9) sent with the New Zealand party as chief astronomer to observe the transit of Venus, 1873; appointed engineer of the admiralty works at Hong Kong, 1878; became com D 5 r ?T!!i, l e fV"? r Of tbe Manchester district, 1883; employed (1886-93) in designing waterworks for the Japanese government; retired as major-general, 1887.
  160. ^ Herbert Palmer (1601–1647), Puritan divine; grandson of Sir Thomas Palmer (1640-1626); educated at Rt..TKn. 1ntl~._ n__i u. V 1. A_. ww, 1D *S, of Queens' College, Cambridge; resisted Laud's innovations and was articled for bfc puritanism but without nit: rector of Ashwell, 1632; lecturer at
  161. ^ Sir James Palmer (d. 1657), chancellor of the order of the Garter, 1645; third son of Sir Thomas Palmer (1540-1626); personal friend of Charles I.
  162. ^ James Palmer (1585–1660), divine; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1606; incorporated at Oxfonl, 1611; B.D., 1613; showed puritan predilections in middle life, and preached frequently before both houses of parliament; surrendered his living, St. Bride's, Fleet Street, London, in 1645 on account of failing health. He founded several charities at Westminster.
  163. ^ Sir James Frederick Palmer (1804–1871), Australian politician; great-nephew of Sir Joshua Reynolds; went to Australia, 1839, and became first president of the Victorian legislative assembly, 1856 knighted, 1857.
  164. ^ John Palmer (d. 1607), dean of Peterborough; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1573; M.A, 1575 (incorporated at Oxford, 1580); master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1595-1604; D.D., 1595; dean of Peterborough in 1597.
  165. ^ John Palmer (d. 1614), divine; of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow, 1582; M.A., 1583; B.D., 1592; archdeacon of Ely, 1592-1600.
  166. ^ John Palmer (1650–1700?), colonial official; came from Barbados to New York, c. 1674; judge of oyer and terminer, New York, 1684; publishedAn impartial Account of the State of New England 1689.
  167. ^ John Palmer , the elder (d. 1768), actor; known as Gentleman Palmer; celebrated as Captain Plume, as Osric, as the Duke's servant in High Life Below Stairs and as Mercutio.
  168. ^ John Palmer (1742–1786), Unitarian divine; minister at Macclesfield and Birmingham; published various treatises.
  169. ^ John Palmer (1729?–1790), Unitarian divine; minister in New Broad Street, London, 1759-80; published several treatises.
  170. ^ John Palmer (1742?–1798), actor ; son of a billsticker and door-keeper at Drury Lane Theatre, London; his desire to go upon the stage discouraged by Garrick and Foote; gradually rose to high position in the London theatres, and for a time obtained control, all but undisputed, over the highest comedy; held unapproachable in the part of Joseph Surface; involved himself in an unsuccessful contest with the managers of the patent houses by commencing to build the Royalty Theatre in Wellclose Square, London, 1785; frequently insolvent; died on the stage at Liverpool while playing in The Stranger. Except singing characters and old men, there was no character in which he did not achieve a high degree of excellence.
  171. ^ John Palmer (1742–1818), projector of mailcoaches; son of the proprietor of the two Bath theatres, for whom he acted as agent in London; being struck with the slowness of the state post, prevailed on Pitt in 1784 to order a trial of the possibility of conveying the posts by stage-coach, in spite of the fact that the post office declared the project impracticable; his innovation established by 1785; in consequence post-office revenue increased from 51,000l. to 73,000l. between 1784 and 1787; nominated comptroller-general of the post office, 1786; compulsorily retired on a pension owing to quarrels with the postmaster-general, Lord Walsingham, 1793; obtained 60.00W. as compensation (1813), after a long controversy.
  172. ^ John Palmer (fl. 1818), traveller; published a Journal of Travels in the United States and Lower Canada 1818.
  173. ^ John Palmer (Bernard) (1782–1852), mitred abbot; entered the Cistercian order, 1808; became superior of the monastery in Charnwood Forest, 1841; his house constituted an abbey, 1848.
  174. ^ John Ho Rsley Palmer (1779-1 858), governor of the Bank of England; brother of George Palmer (1772-1863); became a director of the Bank, 1811; governor of the Bank, 1830-2.
  175. ^ Joseph Palmer formerly Budworth (1756-1815), miscellaneous writer; nephew of William Utul worth; adopted his wife's nauic in IHII; wrote unl-r tin pseudonym Kambler, in Hie Gt-utk'Uiiin's Ma
  176. ^ Julius Palmer (d. 1556), martyr; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1548; master in Riding grammar school; burnt at Newbury for holding protestant opinions.
  177. ^ Mary Palmer (1716–1794), author; sister of Sir Joshua Reynolds; married John Palmer of Torrington, 1740; her Devonshire Dialogue (first complete edition, 1839) frequently reprinted.
  178. ^ Richard Palmer (i. 1195), archbishop of Messina: born in England, settled in Sicily, and was a chief counsellor of William the Bad, one of the Norman king; of Sicily; elected bishop of Syracuse, c. 1155, and archbishop of Messina before 1183; one of the embassy who endeavoured to avert the wrath of Richard I against King Tancred, after the capture of Messina by the former in 1190; corresponded with Thomas Becket.
  179. ^ Richard Palmer (d. 1625), physician; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1579; MA. Peterhouse, 1683; F.R.C.P., 1597, president, 1630; attended the deathbed of Henry, prince of Wales, 1612.
  180. ^ Robert Palmer (1757–1805?), actor; brother of John Palmer (1742?-1798); excelled in rustic roles.
  181. ^ Roger Palmer, Earl of Castlemaine (1634-1705), diplomatist and author; son of Sir James Palmer ; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; student, Inner Temple, 1656; married Barbara Villiers (afterwards Duchess of Cleveland), 1659, who became Charles ll's mistress at the Restoration: M.P., New Windsor, 1660-1: forced by Charles II to become Earl of Castlemaine in order to propitiate Barbara's jealousy of the marriage of Charles II, 1661; accused of complicity in the Popish plot, but acquitted; as envoy to Rome, 1686, met with a cold reception, his excessive zeal tor Petre and other of James II's favourites embarrassing Pope Innocent XI; privy councillor, 1687; at the revolution was exempted from the Act of Indemnity, and after Imprisonment in the Tower of London escaped to the continent; indicted of high treason, 1695; on returning and surrendering himself was released without trial, on condition of going over-seas; linguist, mathematician, and political pamphleteer.
  182. ^ Sir Roundell Palmer, first Earl of Selborne (1812–1895), lord chancellor; nephew of George Palmer (1772-1853); was educated at Rugby, Winchester, and Christ Church and Trinity College, Oxford: Ireland scholar, 1832; Eldon law scholar, 1834; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1835; M.A., 1836; D.C.L., 1862; hon. LL.D. Cambridge; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1837; bencher, 1849; treasurer, 1864; Q.C., 1849; entered parliament in 1847 as a conservative (M.P., Plymouth), but from the first was extremely independent in his views, and gradually passed over to the liberal party; solicitor-general in Palmerstou's ministry, 1861; knighted, 1861: M.P., Richmond, Yorkshire, 1861-72; attorneygeneral from 1863 to the fall of Lord Russell's administration, 1866; declined Gladstone's offer of the great seal and a peerage on account of his opposition to the diseudowment of the Irish church, 1868; succeeded Lord Hatherley as lord chancellor, and was created Baron Selborne, 1872; took up the question of judicature reform, and although unable fully to carry out his wishes obtained the passage of a measure doing away with the multiplicity of courts of original jurisdiction, and providing for the gradual fusion of law and equity into a common system, 1873; retired from the woolsack on the return of the conservatives to power, 1874; again lord chancellor (1880-6) under Gladstone; created Earl of Selborne, 1882; refrained from entering Gladstone's third cabinet (1886), on account of his antipathy to granting Irish home rule; a high churchman and author of writings on ecclesiastical matters and of several hymns. As a judge of first instance and as lord chancellor he contributed largely to the extension and refinement of some of the leading doctrines of equitable jurisprudence.
  183. ^ Samuel Palmer (d. 1724), pamphleteer: originally a presbyterian minister; wrote in defence of dissentersacademies; vicar of All Saintsand St. Peter, M.iMun, 1710-24.
  184. ^ Samoel Palmer (d. 1732) printer; worked In Bartholomew Clow; Benin employes, 1726; his History of Printing completed by George Psalmanazar, 1732, who in bis Memoirs ckum..l t.. hi...hole book.
  185. ^ Samuel Palmer (1741–1813), Nonconformist biographer; was minister of the independent congregation at Mare Street, H:i.-kn.-. MI-I-I.-.-X, and fit. Thomas Square, London, 1766-1813; published The Protestant Dissenters Catechism 1772, and The Nonconformist Memorial 1776-8, the latter an abridgment and continuation of the Account of the Ministers... Ejected by Edmund Calamy (1671-1782)
  186. ^ Samuel Palmer (1806–1881@), poetical landscape painter; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, lull 1: member of the Etching Society, 1853, of the Water-colour Society, 1854; almost the last of the ideal school of landscape-painters represented in England by Wilson, Turner, and others; much influenced by his intercourse with William Blake (1757-1827) Among his finest works are his drawings to illustrate Milton's *L* Allegro andII Penseroso(exhibited at the Water-colour Society between 1868 and 1882).
  187. ^ Shirley Palmer (1786–1852), medical writer ; M.R.C.S., 1807; M.D. Glasgow, 1815; practised in Tarnworth and Birmingham; chief work, Popular Illustrations of Medicine 1829.
  188. ^ Thomas Palmer or Palmarius (fl. 1410), theological writer; Dominican friar of London; wrote orthodox works to repair the schisms in the church.
  189. ^ Sir Thomas Palmer (d. 1553), soldier ; knighted, 1532; held appointments at Calais and Guisnes under Henry VIII; disclosed Somerset's treason, 1550; executed as an adherent of Lady Jane Grey.
  190. ^ Sir Thomas Palmer , first baronet (1640–1626), 1 the Travailer; son of Sir Henry Palmer (d. 1559); high sheriff of Kent, 1595; went on the expedition to Cadiz and was knighted, 1596; publishedAn Essay on Foreign Travel 1606; created baronet, 1621; not iden, tical with the Thomas Palmer or Palmar who was appointed principal of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1563.
  191. ^ Thomas Palmer (fl. 1644–1666), independent minister and agitator; chaplain to Skippon's regiment, 1644; rector of Aston-upon-Trent, 1646; ejected, 1660; wandered about the country preaching; went to Ireland to do mischief 1666; published four religious treatises.
  192. ^ Thomas Fyshe Palmer (1747–1802), Unitarian minister; of Eton and Queens' College, Cambridge; M.A 1772; B.D., 1781; fellow, 1781; pastor at Montrose, 1783-5, at Dundee, 1785-93; sympathised with political reform and, in 1793, corrected the proof of a handbill by George Mealmaker, a member of the Society of the Friends , of Liberty at Dundee, for which (1793) he was sentenced to twelve yearstransportation on the charge of treason, government at the time being in a state of panic on account of the French revolution: served his sentence at Botany Bay and died at the Ladrone islands while returning home. iliii- 162 3
  193. ^ William Palmer (1539?–1605), divine; B.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1560; fellow, 1560; held several minor preferments; famous as a disputant.
  194. ^ William Palmer (1824–1886), the Rugeley poisoner; M.R.C.S., 1846; practised as a medical man at Rugeley after acting as a house-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, in 1846; poisoned his wife in 1884, his brother William in August 1865, and his friend Thomas Parsons Cook in December 1855 for the purpose of obtaining money; convicted of the last murder and hanged at Stafford on 14 June 1856, after a trial which excited extraordinary interest. He was convicted entirely upon circumstantial evidence, but no innocent explanation of his conduct has yet been suggested.
  195. ^ William Palmer (1802–1858), conveyancer and legal author; son of George Palmer (1772-1853); M.A., St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1888; barrister, Inner Temple, 1810: professor of law, Gresham College, London; published legal works.
  196. ^ William Palmer (1811–1879), theologian and brother of Roundell Palmer, first earl of Sdborne; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 18tf: M.A. 1833; an extreme high church man and a derated advocate of intercommunion with the Greek and Roman churches; made several unsuccessful attempts to obtain admission to the Greek church without declaring the English church heretical; entered the Roman communion without rebaptism, 1865, passing the rest of his life at Rome in retirement; published works, including An Introduction to Early Christian Symbolism 1859, and left voluminous manuscripts, chiefly autobiographical.
  197. ^ William Palmer (1803–1886), theologian and ecoledtttioal antiquary; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1834; M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1829; published Origines Liturgicae 1832, and a Treatise on the Church of Christ 1838, and associated himself with the tractarians; subsequently published several controversial treatises; prebendary of Salisbury, 1849-58. He assumed the title of baronet in 1866.
  198. ^ Palmeranus or PALMERSTON (ft. 1306–1316). See Thomas Hibernicus.
  199. ^ Viscounts Palmerston . See TEMPLE, HENRY, first VISCOUNT, 1673?-1757; TEMPLE, HENRY, second ViaootJNT. 1739-1802; TEMPLE, HENRY JOHN, third VBCOUXT, 1784-1865.
  200. ^ Sir Bryan Palmes (1599–1654), royalist; of Trinity College, Oxford; M.P., Stamford, 1626, Aldborough, Yorkshire, 1640; knighted and created D.C.L. i ixfoni, 1642; raised a regiment on the outbreak of the civil war, but compounded for his estate in 1646.
  201. ^ John Palsgrave (d. 1554), chaplain to Henry VIII ; B.A., Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A. Paris; tutor to the Princess Mary, 1513-14, and Henry VIII's natural son, the Duke of Richmond, 1525-9; rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-East, London, 1538, of Wadenboe. 1545; published Leselarcissemeut de la Langue Franooyse 1530, and other works.
  202. ^ Robert Paltock (1697–1767), romance-writer; an attorney at Clement's Inn; published * The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a Cornish Man 1751, which WM praised by Southey and Leigh Hunt, and admired by Coleridge, Scott, and Lamb.
  203. ^ Henry Paman (1626–1696), physician; of Emmanuel and St. John's Colleges, Cambridge: fellow of St John's College: M.A., 1650 (incorporated at Oxford, 1655) MJX Cambridge, 1658 (incorporated at Oxford, 1669)professor of physic at Gresham College, London, 1679-89 master of the facultiesat Cambridge, 1684-90; a nonjuror.
  204. ^ Pandulf (d. 1226), papal legate and bishop of Norwich; a Roman by birth, but erroneously identified with Pandulfus Masca (made a cardinal in 1182); came to England, July 1211, to determine the succession to the see of Canterbury, and excommunicated King John for refusing to restore Langton; returned to the continent after King John had made repeated attempts to break his resolution; revisited England, John having made overtures for a reconciliation in 1213, and forbade Philip Augustus of France to invade the country until his mission was accomplished remained in England after King John had made his submission, 15 May 1213; elected bishop of Norwich, 1216appointed papal legate, 1218; exercised almost royal authority from the death of Pembroke in May 1219 till his recall in 1221, and acted with statesmanlike capacity; eventually found himself at enmity with Hubertde Burgh and LaugUin, who made his position untenable; died at Rome and was buried in Norwich Cathedral.
  205. ^ Sir Anthony Panizzi (1797–1879), principal librarian of the British Museum; born at Brescello in Modena; graduated in law at Parma, 181;: afterwards as an advocate: compelled to fly as a oonSS". 1 e Wamaent, 1822, and was senJ? d 2f h to hU * bs6noe " oontumaciouH; came to " and WM befriended by William llosooe the chief patron of Italian literature in the country; became intimate with Henry Peter Brougham, buron Brougham and Vaux, who in 1831 procured his appointment as assistant-librarian at the British Museum; chief keeper of the printed books, 1837; chief librarian, 1856; resigned on account of ill-health, 1866; formed the plan of the catalogue of piiuted books, and obtained an annual grant of 10,000. to repair literary specimens of the library; conceived the plan of the great reading-room and annexes iu the central quadrangle; procured the recognition of the staff as civil servants: K.O.B., 1809. TLo bequest of the Grenville Library in 1846 was entirely due to his personal influence see GRENVILLE, THOMAS (17551846). During the whole of his official career Panizzi was much occupied in political questions, especially as they affected the movement for the liberation of Italy. His influence with the English whigs was frequently used to assist the Italian patriots.
  206. ^ John Panke (ft. 1608), divine ; educated at Oxford; author of four works against Roman catholics.
  207. ^ Earls of Panmure . See MAULE, PATRICK, first EARL, d. 1661; MAULE, JAMKS, fourth EARL, 1659 ?-1723.
  208. ^ Panmure titular EARL OF (d. 1734). See Harry Maule.
  209. ^ Barons Panmure . See MAULE, WILLIAM Ramsay first BARON PANMURE, 1771–1852; MAULE, Fox, second BARON PANMURE, 1801-1874.
  210. ^ Lord of Panmure (d. 1215). See Philip de Valognes.
  211. ^ David Panter (d. 1558), bishop of Ross; nephew of Patrick Panter; acted as secretary to James V; bishop of Ross, 1545.
  212. ^ Patrick Panter, Panniter or Panther (1470?-1519), abbot of Cambuskenneth; studied at Paris; nominated royal secretary, 1505; abbot of Cambuskenneth, c. 1512.
  213. ^ Thomas Pindar Pantin (1792–1866), theological writer; M.A, Queen's College, Oxford, 1827; wrote against Roman Catholicism.
  214. ^ Paul Panton (1731-1797), Welsh antiquary: formed a large collection of Welsh manuscripts at Plas Gwyii.
  215. ^ Thomas Panton (d. 1685), gambler; held commission in Charles II's life-guards and captaincy in the foot-guards; made a fortune by card-playing at Charles II's court.
  216. ^ Thomas Panton (1731–1808), sportsman; keeper of racehorses; won the Derby in 1786.
  217. ^ Hugh Pantulf (d. 1224?), sheriff of Shropshire (1179-1189); son of Ivo Pantulf
  218. ^ Ivo Pantulf (d. 1176?), feudatory ; probably son of Robert Pantulf; made grants to several abbeys.
  219. ^ Robert Pantulf (ft. 1130), feudatory ; son of William Pantulf (d. 1112 ?); was accused of robbing the nuns of Caen.
  220. ^ William Pantulf or Pantolium (d. 1112?), Norman knight; held land of Robert of Belleme, but supported Henry I when Robert rebelled, 1102.
  221. ^ William Pantulf (d. 1233), feudatory; son of Hugh Pantulf; probably served King John in Ireland, 1210.
  222. ^ Pascal Paoli (1725–1807), Corsican general and patriot; son of Hyacinth Paoli, a Corsican leader in the revolt of 1734; brought up in exile at Naples, where he entered the army; offered the dictatorship by the Corsican insurgents against the Genoese yoke, 1755: expelled the Genoese from the greater part of the island, who, however, in 1764 obtained French assistance, and in 1768 yielded Corsica to France; commanded the Corsicans at Pontenuovo, where they were signally defeated, 1769; cut his way through the French troops and took refuge on board an English frigate, 1769; resided in England, receiving a pension and enjoying the society of the famous men of the time; elected a member of the Club, and Intimate with the Johnsonian group on the outbreak of the French revolution recalled by the French National Assembly to Corsica, where be became mayor of linstia and commander-in-chief of the national guard, and was afterwards appointed by Louis XVI lieutenant-general and military commandant in Corsica; on the execution of Louis XVI drove the French from Corsica and obtained an English protectorate, but was disappointed in his expectation of being nominated viceroy; retired to a private estate in England in 1795; died and was buried in London.
  223. ^ David Papillon (1581–1665?), architect and military engineer; born in France of Huguenot parents; brought up in England; fortified Gloucester for parliament, 1646; published An Essay on Fortification 1641, and other works.
  224. ^ Philip Papillon (1620–1641), writer of M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1641; son of David Papillon.
  225. ^ Thomas Papillon (1623–1702), merchant and politician; son of David Papillon; M.P., Dover, 1673-81: a staunch member of the country party; fled to Utrecht, 1684, to avoid payment of £10,000 damages awarded against him by a packed jury see MAYNARD, Sir JOHN (1608-1690)); returned at the revolution; M.P., Dover, 1689-95; London, 1695-1700.
  226. ^ Ralph Papilon or Papylion, called de Arundel (d. 1223), abbot of Westminster; elected abbot, 1200, and deposed for incontinency, 1213.
  227. ^ Denis Papin (1647–1712?), natural philosopher; born at Blois: graduated in medicine at Angers, 1669; lived chiefly in England after 1675; F.R.S., 1680; professor of mathematics at Marburg, 1688-95. His claims to be regarded as inventor of the steam engine have been urged by French writers, but the evidence is inconclusive. He constructed a boat with paddle-wheels on the Weser, but there is nothing to show that it was to be driven by steam.
  228. ^ Isaac Papin (1657–1709), theologian ; born at Blois; entered the English church, 1686, but became a Roman catholic, 1690; published theological works in French.
  229. ^ Louis Joseph Papineau (1786–1871), Canadian rebel; regarded as head of the French Canadian party from the beginning of his career in 1809: speaker of the legislative assembly of Lower Canada, 1815-37; fled to the territory of the United States after a controversy with the home government concerning the constitution of the upper house had issued in rebellion in 1837, instead of joining the insurgents; returned under the general amnesty of 1847, and entered the lower house of the united Canadian legislature; retired into private life, 18*4.
  230. ^ Edgar George Papworth (1809–1866), sculptor: nephew of John Papworth; travelling student of the Royal Academy, 1834; executed chiefly busts, statuettes, and sketch designs.
  231. ^ George Papworth (1781–1855), architect; brother of John Papworth; settled in Dublin and designed many public and private buildings in Ireland.
  232. ^ John Papworth, afterwards John Buarrotti (1775-1847), architect and designer: contributed to the Royal Academy exhibitions, 1794-1841; carried oat a number of important works, including (1823-30) St. Bride's Avenue in Fleet Street, London; original member of the Associated Artists in Water-colours (1807) and of the Institute of British Architects (1834); published treatises on architecture and landscape-gardening.
  233. ^ John Thomas Papworth (1809–1841), honorary secretary to the Institute of Irish Architects; son of George Papworth
  234. ^ John Woody Papworth (1820–1870), architect and antiquary; son of John Papworth: fellow of the Institute of British Architects, 1848; author of the Ordinary of British Armorials published, 1874, and other works.
  235. ^ Wyatt Angelicus Van Sandau Papworth (1822-1894), architect and antiquary; son of John Papworth; projector and editor of the Dictionary of Architecture(1852-92), published by the Architectural Publication Society; run. n Soane's Museum, 1893-4: published treatises and papers on various subjects, mainly architectural.
  236. ^ John Paradise (1743–1795), linguist and friend of Dr. Johnson: a Macedonian by birth: grandson of Philip Lodvill; created M.A. Oxford, 1769, and D.C.L., 1776; F.R.S.. 1771: member of Dr. Johnson's rv,-i,: iu,-iub at the Bnex Head, in London.
  237. ^ Julia Pardoe (1806–1862), author of a number of historical and descriptive works, as well as of several tales; received a civil list pension, 1860.
  238. ^ William Pardoe (d. 1692), baptist divine; suffered imprisonment for his belief, 1676; became pastor of a baptist church in Lichfield, c. 1688; author of two devotional works.
  239. ^ George Frederick Pardon (1884–1884), miscellaneous writer; editor of several minor periodicals: published, besides other works, about twenty volumes on games, sports, and pastimes, under the pseudonym of Captain Crawley.
  240. ^ William Pare (1805–1873), co-operator: a Birmingham tobacconist; one of the founders of the first Birmingham Co-operative Society, 1838; left Birmingham, 1842, and interested himself in the promotion of cooperation; acting governor of Owen's community at Queenwood, Hampshire, 1842-4; published works on cooperation,
  241. ^ Étienne Parent (1801–1874), Canadian journalist; called to the bar, 1828; editor of the Canadien; imprisoned (1837) for his attacks on the executive; clerk to the executive, 1842; assistant-secretary for Lower Canada, 1847.
  242. ^ Euphrosyne Parepa de Boyesku Parepa-Rosa (1836–1874), operatic singe ; daughter of a Wallachian, Baron Georgiades de Boyesku, and niece of Arthur Edward Shelden Seguin; made her debut at Malta, 1855; came to England, 1857; married (1864) Captain Henry de Wolfe Carvell (d. 1865), and in 1867 Carl August Nicholas Rosa Her voice was soprano in quality.
  243. ^ Robert Parfew or Purfoy (d. 1557). See Warton.
  244. ^ Edward Parfitt (1820–1893), naturalist; left a manuscript work on the fungi of Devonshire in twelve volumes.
  245. ^ Jhan Parfre (fl. 1612), copyist; generally reputed the author, but is in reality only the transcriber, of the mystery play, Candlemas Day (printed in 1835 by the Abbotsford Club).
  246. ^ John Ayrton Paris (1786–1856), physician: studied at Caius College, Cambridge, and Edinburgh; M.B. Cambridge, 18061; M.D., 1813: Harveian orator, 1843, and president of the Royal College of Physicians, 1844-56; published medical works.
  247. ^ Matthew Paris (d. 1259), historian and monk; entered monastery of St. Albans, 1217; became an expert in writing, in drawing and painting, and in working gold and silver; succeeded Roger of Weudover in his office of chronicler to the monastery, 1236, and carried on theChrouica Majorafrom the summer of 1235; expanded the scope of the chronicle, introducing narratives I and accounts of events in foreign countries as well as in England, which he obtained from kings and all manner of great persons who came to St. Albans; visited Norway, 1248, having received a commiwion from Innocent FV to reform the abbey of St. Benet Holm in the province of Trondhjem: cordially received by King Hacon; returned to England in 1249, after successfully accomplishing his mission: favourite with Henry III. who frequently talked with him and listened to his views on ecclesiastical questions. He carried his greater chronicle down to May 1259, where he ends abruptly, and certainly died about that time. In vigour and brightness of expression be stands before every other English chronicler: and his writing possesses peculiar historic valm- from tin- information he derived from leading actors In contemporary events, and from his bold and independent trwitim-nt of the history of his times, which led him to denounce the of foreign turptetlattiiiT to English hcucliccs and the expenditure of Kni:Iih wealth on schemes ol no benefit to the country. Besides tlie great chronicle lie wrote a summary f the:..! eiu.- between 1200 and ISM, whicl tin" Hi-toriu Minor, 1 or Historia Anglorum Tlie Chronica Majora to the year 1258, is preserved in the library of Corpus Cbristi College, Cambridge, and the part from 1264 to 1269, which is not in bio handwriting, U contained in the Arundel manuscript in the British Museum. TheChronica Majora was first printed by Archbishop Parker in 1571. The standard ni U that by Henry Richards Luard, published in avren volumes in the Rolls Series between 1869 and 1883 The manuscript of the Historia Minor (edited by Frederic Madden in the Rolls Series, 3 vols. 1H66-9) is in the British Museum. Though essentially an abridgment, it contains a few matters not to be found in .a Majora In the Cotton manuscripts will be found Vitae duae Offarum attributed to him, though probably spurious printed in 1649 by William Watts (15907-1649) These lives are followed by'Vit* Abbatum S. Albani beinj, the lives of the first twentythree abboU to 1255, of which all were certainly compiled, and the last two or three composed, by him. They were incorporate I, with some alterations, by Thomas Walsingham in hisGesta Abbatum The whole of his writings, and the various questions relating to them, are carefully discussed by Luard in the prefaces to his edition of the Ohronica Majora
  248. ^ Sir Woodbine Parish (1796–1882), diplomatist; -cut to Buenos Ayre* as a special agent, 1823,; concluded a treaty of amity with the new state, 1825; charge, d'affaires at Buenos A yres, 1826-32: K.C.H., 1837; chief commissioner at Naples, 1840-5, where he concluded a commercial treaty with the king, 1845; published an elaborate work on Buenos Ayres, 1839.
  249. ^ Eli Parish-Alvars, or Elias (1808–1849), harpist and musical composer; performed in many European countries; one of the most distinguished harpists of any period; excelled in the production of novel effects, and WHS known at Vienna, where he died, as 4 der Paganini ler Harfe; composed music for the harp,
  250. ^ Andrew Park (1807–1863), poet; employed in trade in Paisley and Glasgow; unsuccessful in business; trained some fame by his poems, especially theBridegroom and tlie Bride (1834) ami Silent Love ( 1 H 15 ).
  251. ^ Henry Park (1745–1831), surgeon; surgeon to Liverpool Infirmary, 1767-98; published a treatise on diseases of the joints, 1783.
  252. ^ James Park or Parkes(1636–1696), quaker; joined the quakers before 1663 and suffered imprisonment at Harwich for being present at a meeting; con 1 to preach till his death, in spite of fines and prohi published religious works.
  253. ^ Sir James Alan Park (1763–1838), judge; barrister, Lincoln Inn, 1784; appointed vice-chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1791; recorder of Durham 1802attorney-general of Lancaster, 1811; justice of the common pleas and knighted, 1816.
  254. ^ John Park (1804–1865), divine and poet; studied it Abenlttn and Glasgow; D.D. St. Andrews; minister of t charge of St. Andrews, 1854-66: song-writer and somposer; his songs published, 1876.
  255. ^ John James Park (1795–1833), jurist and anti"f D f Tboma8 Park I* vl J barrister, Lincoln's . ilin Wa8 Wft?* to the clmir of E "KHsh law at "1W, London. 1831; hisTreatise on the Law Itower 1819, long a standard work.  :.2?i 5!?w* -i (Jol ii the Gambia, attended only by a negro servant and a boy; reached Sego in 1796, after incredible hardships, and was imprisoned by the Arabs there, but escaped and returned to England in 1 799; made his fame by his Travels (1799); acquired a good practice at Peebles, but though married and acquainted with many famous men, including Sir Walter Scott, was restless in Scotland, and eagerly accepted an invitation from government to organise a fresh expedition; departed on a second journey to the Niger, 1805; reached Bambakoo, but while proceeding thence down the Niger perished at Boussa, in a conflict with the natives, together with all his men. Particulars of his fate were not ascertained until 1812.
  256. ^ Patric Park (1811–1855), sculptor ; began life as a stonecutter, but by the assistance of, the Duke of Hamilton was enabled to study under Thorwaldsen, 1831-3; test known by his portrait busts; executed, among others, portraits of Campbell the poet, Charles Dickens, Sir Charles Napier, Lord Dundouald, and Macaulay.
  257. ^ Thomas Park (1759–1834), antiquary and bibliographer; was brought up as an engraver, but (1797) abandoned the art and devoted himself entirely to literature and the study of antiquities; PS.A., 1802; published several volumes of verse and edited many works of importance; had a unique knowledge of poetical literature and biography.
  258. ^ Daniel Parke (1669–1710), governor of, the Leeward islands; murdered at Antigua during an insurrection occasioned by his attempts at internal reform. A tory government succeeding to office at the time no steps were taken to bring his assassins to justice until 1715, when one Henry Smith was tried, but acquitted for want of proof.
  259. ^ Henry Parke (1792?–1835), architect; son of John Parke; made an extensive collection of drawings of antique remains, which is now in the possession of the R.I.B.A.
  260. ^ Sir James Parke, Baron Wensleydale (1782-1868), judge; Craven scholar (Cambridge), 1799; fifth wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1803; fellow, 1804; M.A., 1806; LL.D., 1835; barrister, Inner Temple, 1813; knighted and raised to the king's bench, 1828; transferred to the exchequer, 1834; created baron, 1856. His patent was at first only for a life peerage, but the committee of privileges decided that the crown had by disuse lost the power of creating life peerages.
  261. ^ John Parke (1745–1829), oboist; taken into the Duke of Cumberland's band, 1783, being at that time the principal oboist in England. .....,.in.ii-iii-i several treatises on the *fn. MUN(; () 1771 1K "- African explorer; born ~* rk: stll1l "t Edinburgh University and beneasurgcoii in the mercantile marine; vi-it4i Sumatra *Md on hi. return attracted the attention of natu 1,, by hU botanical and.oological investigations; * Afnca under U* auspice* of the African Associate to explore the course of the Niger, 1796; proonded
  262. ^ Maria Hester Parke afterwards Mrs. Beardmore (1775-1822), vocalist; daughter of John Parke; came out in 1790 as second singer, and in 1794 as principal soprano in the Three Choirs festivalmarried John Beurdmore, 1815, and retired from her profession, j- X uii. 227
  263. ^ Robert Parke (fl. 1588), translator of the Chinese History of Gonzales de Mendoza, 1588. His work was republished by the Hakluyt Society, 1853.
  264. ^ Robert Parke (1600–1668), nonconformist divine; Emmanuel College, Cambridge: vicar of Bolton, 1626; fled to Holland, 1630: returned, 1644, and became lecturer at Bolton; ejected, 1662.
  265. ^ Robert Parke (fl. 1787–1816), architect and builder; designed many public buildings in Dublin.
  266. ^ Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893), African traveller; entered the army medical service and (1893) became surgeon-major; saw service in Egypt between 82 and 1885, and accompanied Stanley's expedition in 1887 as an unpaid volunteer, and throughout the expedition commanded a company, besides acting as medical officer. He contributed to periodicals articles on his travels and on professional subjects.
  267. ^ William Thomas Parke (1762–1847), oboist, composer, und author; brother of John Parke; a famous oboist and member of the Duke of Cumberland's band; extended the compass of the instrument a third higher, to G in alt.
  268. ^ Alexander Parker (1628–1689), quaker; friend of George Fox, whom he joined in 1664, and with whom Le frequently travel KM; imprisoned for In- principles on several occasions; published religious treatises.
  269. ^ Benjamin Parker (d. 1747), author : was unsuccessful as a quack, and afterwards failed to gain appreciation as theologian and philosopher; wrote uuu-h and died poor. Lord Chesterfield wan among hit patrons.
  270. ^ Oharles Parker (1800–1881), architect; F.K.I.B.A., 1834: published Villa Hustioa an important work on domestic dwellings near Hume and Florence, 1832. <
  271. ^ Charles Christopher Parker, fifth baronet (1792-1869), admiral: son of Christopher Parker : saw service in the Mediterranean and the Baltic between 1806 and 1816; admiral, 1863.
  272. ^ Christopher Parker (1761 -1804), vice-admiral : son of Sir Peter Parker (1721-1811) lq. v.; served in the Wi-st Indies under Jarvis, in the Channel under Howe: vice-admiral, 1804.
  273. ^ Edmund Parker second Earl of Morley (1810-1864), son of John Parker, first earl of Morley; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1830; lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria, 1846; special deputy-warden of the Stannaries, 1862.
  274. ^ Emma Parker (fl. 1811–1817), author of four novels published between 1811 and 1816.
  275. ^ George Parker (1651-1743), almanac maker; a man of disreputable character; set up a? an astrologer :iiul quack at the Ball and Star in Salisbury Court, Strand, London; rival of John Partridge (1644-1716) , who attacked him with great bitterness in his Defectio Geniturarum (1697-8, p. 331).
  276. ^ George Parker, second Earl of Macclesfield (1697-1764), astronomer; son of Sir Thomas Parker, first earl of Macclesfleld: F.R.S., 1722; M.P., Wallingford, 1722-7; erected a fine observatory (1739) at Shirburn Castle, Oxfordshire; patron of James Bradley and Thomas Phelps; mainly instrumental in procuring the change of style in the computation of current chronology in 1762; president of the Royal Society, 1762; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1769.
  277. ^ George Parker (1732–1800), soldier, actor, and lecturer; attained the rank of sergeant during the Seven Yearswar; afterwards made unsuccessful essays as an actor and lecturer, and in spite of the patronage of Goldsmith, Dr. Johnson, and Reynolds sank into poverty; published an untrustworthy autobiography, 1781, and other works.
  278. ^ Sir George Parker (1767–1847), admiral; nephew of Sir Peter Parker (1721-1811); saw service during French war; admiral, 1837; K.C.B., 1837.
  279. ^ Sir George Parker, fourth baronet (d. 1867), major; grandson of Sir William Parker (1743-1802) ; entered the East India Company's service, 1833; succeeded as baronet, 1862; major, 1867; died in Cawnpore during the siege.
  280. ^ George Lane Parker (1724–1791), lieutenant-general; son of George Parker, second earl of Macclesfield ; M.P., Tregony; lieutenant-general, 1777.
  281. ^ Henry Parker (d. 1470), Carmelite: an inmate of the Carmelite house at Doncaster; D.D. Cambridge; author, among other works, of Dives and Pauper (printed, 1493, by Richard Pynson).
  282. ^ Henry Parker, eighth Baron Morley (1476-1556), courtier and author; descended from Robert de Morley, second baron Morley; educated at Oxford; gentleman-usher to Henry VIII, 1516; published a translation of Petrarch's Trionfi c. 1553, and left many manuscripts, which display bis robust faith as a catholic and his appreciation of classical and modern Italian literature.
  283. ^ Sir Henry Parker, ninth Baron Morley (d. 1577), son of Henry Parker, eighth baron Morley; of Corn-ill* Hall, Cambridge; K.B., 1563; left England,. 1569, owing to his attachment to Roman Catholicism; liv,-i under Spanish protection and was regarded M a dangerous trai tor.:. 240
  284. ^ Henry Parker (1604-1652), political writer; M.A. St. Edmund Hull. Oxford, 16S8; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1637; secretary to the parliamentary army, 1642: secretary to the House of Commons, 1646; published numerous pamphlets.
  285. ^ Henry Parker *(1796–1873), artist; exhibited eighty-six picture* portrait* and historical and marine subjects in London between 1817 and 1861.
  286. ^ Sir Henry Watson Parker (1808-1881), premier of New South Wales; went out as private secretary to Governor Sir George Gipp, WM; premier, 1H66-7; knighted, 1868; K.O.M.O., 1877.
  287. ^ Hyde Parker, third baronet (1714–1782), vice-admiral; great-grandson of Alexander Hyde; entered navy as an able seaman, 1728; appointed lieutenant, 1746; served on the Indian coast, 1760-4, in West Indies, 1779-80 (vice-admiral, 1780), and in the North Sea, 1781; fought with the Dutch on the Doggerbank, 6 Aug. 1781; succeeded as baronet, 1782; lost in the Cato off South America.
  288. ^ Sir Hyde Parker (1739–1807), admiral; second son of Sir Hyde Parker (1714-1782); served in North America during the war of independence; knighted, 1779; commander-in-chief at Jamaica, 1796-1800; commanded fleet despatched to coerce Denmark, but showed some irresolution both before and after the battle of Copenhagen, 1801, and was recalled.
  289. ^ Hyde Parker (1784?–1864), vice-admiral ; son of Sir Hyde Parker (1739-1807); C.B., 1839; viceadmiral, 1862; first sea lord of the admiralty, 1863.
  290. ^ James Parker (1760–1806), engraver; executed his early plates in the stipple type, but afterwards became an excellent line-engraver; much employed on book Illustrations,
  291. ^ Sir James Parker (1803-1852), vice-chancellor; seventh wrangler, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1826; M.A., 1828; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1829; Q.c., 1844; vicechancellor, 1861; knighted, 1861.
  292. ^ John Parker (1534–1592), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1558 (incorporated at Cambridge, 1564); D.D. Cambridge, 1583; prebendary, 1565, and archdeacon of Ely, 1568; declined bishopric of Ely, 1581; author of A Pattern of Pietie 1592.
  293. ^ John Parker (fl. 1611–1660), judge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1617; appointed a Welsh judge, 1647; a baron of the exchequer, 1655; lost his post at the Restoration, but was made a serjeant
  294. ^ John Parker (d. 1681), archbishop of Dublin ; D.D. Trinity College, Dublin: bishop of Elphin, 1660; archbishop of Tuam, 1667; archbishop of Dublin, 1678.
  295. ^ John Parker (. 1676-1 706 X colonel and Jaoobite conspirator; entered the army, followed Jamee to St. Germain.ma Ireland, and was concerned in the HHHSBBJ nation plot of 1693; escaped from the Tower of London, 1694; confined in the Bastille for offending Mary of Modena, 1702; on his return made overtures to the English covcrnmeut.
  296. ^ John Parker (1730?–1765?), painter; made copies of antiquities at Rome for English amateurs.
  297. ^ John Parker (fl. 1762–1776). painter ; exhibited landscapes at the Free Society of Artists and the Royal Academy in 1765 and 176tt.
  298. ^ John Parker , second BARON BORINODON and first EARL OF MORLEY (1772-1840), succeeded his father in the barony, 1788: created D.C.L. Christ Church, Oxford, 1799; supported Pitt and Canning in the House of Lords; created Earl of Morley, 1816; after Canning's death became a whig, supporting parliamentary reform: II. K.s..,
  299. ^ John Parker (1798–1860), amateur architect; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1826; designed several ecclesiastical structures, including the church of Llan-y-Blodwell, of which he was vicar.
  300. ^ John Parker (1799–1881), politician; M.A., Brasenose College, Oxford, 1823; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1824; SI M-PTfor Sheffield, 1832-52; secretary of the adminlty, 1841 and 1849-62, holding also other offices; privy councillor, 18M. "" 25
  301. ^ John Henry Parker (1806–1884), writer on architecture; succeeded his uncle, Joseph Parker, as Serand published at Oxford In 1832; published for r and brought out libraries of the fathers and of .IV- tOJft. -4 V*ww~ *f *Ka fnprv uruuKiiy vuv *%. * v** ** AnSloaSolictheology: F.A 1849; first keeper of the AAmSaa.Orfoni, 1870-84; O.B., 1871; published works architecture. Including The Archaeology of Rome SZTSA- Introduction to the Study of Gothic ArchUectare,- 1849.
  302. ^ John William Parker (1792–1870), publisher and printer: set up business, London; printer to Cambridge University, 1836: bis London business sold to , 1863.
  303. ^ Martin Parker (d. 1656?), ballad-monger ; native of London and a royalist; commended by Dryden as the best ballad-maker of his day; produced When the king enjoyes his owne again 1643; produced also a number of small books of poetry, often mere chap-books, and some romances.
  304. ^ Matthew Parker (1504–1575), archbishop of Canterbury; son of William Parker, a calenderer of stuffs; educated at St. Mary's Hostel, Cambridge, and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; fellow, 1527; ordained priest, 1587; MJU 1528; became associated with the jrroup of students known as the Cambridge reformers; friend of Thomas Bilney and Hugh Latimer, bat studied patristic literature, and throughout life showed great moderation in doctrine; licensed by Oranini-r to preach throughout the southern province, 1533; appointed chaplain to Anne Boleyn and dean of Stoke-byClare, 1536, where he spent much of the next ten years; elected master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1544; daring the last three years of Henry V Ill's reign manfully opposed the spoliation with which the colleges generally were threatened: continued to grow rapidly in favour with the reformers, and (1552) was installed dean of Lincoln: espoused the cause of Lady Jane Grey and was deprived of his preferments by Queen Mary, after which he li ved in concealment; reluctantly accepted the archbishopric of Canterbury on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, and was consecrated at Lambeth on 17 Dec. 1559; identified himself with the great party, afterwards known as the Anglican party, which sought to establish a media via between Romanism and puritanisin; revived the powers of convocation, and with its assent revised the articles in 1562, reducing them from forty-two to thirtynine, and substantially bringing them to the form they finally mumtiMrf in 1571; occupied in publishing the Bishops Bible 1563-8, his most distinguished service to the theological studies of his day, with respect to which he informed Cecil that, besides the prefaces, he contemplated undertaking Genesis, Exodus, Matthew, Mark, and the Pauline epistles, except Romans and 1 Corinthians: involved, by the publication of his celebrated * Advertisements 1565, in a controversy with the puritans concerning vestments; during his later years made his exercise of church patronage, hitherto impartial and judicious, serve as an instrument for checking the spread of obnoxious puritan doctrines; withdrew more and more from society, being conscious of the strength of the opposing current, headed by the all-powerful Leicester, and went but seldom to court; died, 17 May 1575, and was buried in his private chapel at Lambeth. In 1648 his remains were disinterred and buried under a dunghill, but after the Restoration they were restored to their original resting-place. He was a great benefactor to his college and to the university of Cambridge, where he constructed a hundnotne new street, which he named University Street, leading from the schools to Great St. Mary's. To his efforts we are indebted for the earliest editions of QUdas, Asacr, Elfric, the Flores Historiarum Matthew Paris, and other important early chroniclers. In spite of Queen Elizabeth's dislike of clerical matrimony, he was married, and left one son. His De Antiquitate BlfflfB et PrivilegUs Ecclesise Gantuarleusls cum Arehiepiscopis ejosdem 70(1672) Is said to be the first book privately prinusi in England. The copies differed materially. A new edition appeared in 1605 and a third in 1729, edited by Samuel Drake (1686 ?-1753) Numerous tractates by him have been printed in various collections.
  305. ^ Sir Nicholas Parker (1547–1619), military commander; served in the Low Countries; knighted by Lord Willoughby, 1588; commander of the ordnance for the fortvs in Fraii'v i.iukT Willoughby, 1589; accompanied Essex in the Islands voyage, 1597; governor of Plymouth, 1601-3; governor of Pendennis Castle, 1598-1619.
  306. ^ Sir Peter Parker , first baronet (1721–1811), admiral of the fleet; commanded a squadron which attacked Oharlestown, 1775, and was repulsed with the loss of three frigates; took part in the reduction of Long island and Rhode island, 1775; rear-admiral and comnmuder-ln-chlef at Jamaica, 1777; became a baronet, 1782; admiral of the fleet, 1799; the early patron of Nelson.
  307. ^ Sir Peter Parker , second baronet (1785–1814), captain in the navy; grandson of Sir Peter Parker (17211811); performed much meritorious service during the French war; fell in a skirmish on the Chesapeake during the war with the United States.
  308. ^ Sir Philip Parker (fl. 1578–1580), country gentleman; son of Sir Henry Parker, ninth baron Morley ; played a large part in the local affairs of the eastern counties.
  309. ^ Richard Parker (1572–1629), historian of Cambridge University; son of John Parker (1534-1592); fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1597; B.D., 1610: held clerical preferment in Essex; wrote 2*ceATos Cantabrigiensis 1622 (first printed by Hearne, 1715), and several other treatises.
  310. ^ Richard Parker (1767?–1797), mutineer ; married the daughter of a farmer in Braemar, ran through her money, and was imprisoned for debt in Perth; obtained his release by volunteering for the navy in 1797; became an able seaman on the Sandwich; chosen president by the mutineers at the Nore on 23 May 1797, who blockaded the Thames and made the most extravagant demands; hanged after the collapse of the mutiny.
  311. ^ Robert Parker (1564?–1614), puritan divine; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1585-93; M.A., 1587; rector of Patney, Devizes, 1592-3; vicar of Stanton St. Bernard, 1594-1605; crossed to Holland (1607) to avoid prosecution before the court of high commission and settled in Leyden; removed to Antwerp, 1611, but was compelled to leave the congregation there (1613) owing to doctrinal differences; published theological works; died at Doesburg.
  312. ^ Robert Parker (fl. 1683–1718), soldier; saw much service in Ireland and the Low Countries; wrote Memoirs of the most Remarkable Military Transactions from... 1683 to 1718(Dublin, 1746), in which Marlborough is the hero, while Ormonde is vigorously denounced,
  313. ^ Samuel Parker (1640–1688). bishop of Oxford son of John Parker (fl. 1611-1660); educated at Oxford, at Wadham and Trinity colleges; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1663; appointed chaplain to Archbishop Sheldon, 1667; archdeacon of Canterbury, 1676; wrote voluminously on ecclesiastical history and political science, criticised Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Hobbes, and attacked the puritans; strongly supported the power of the crown and desired to restrict church authority to purely spiritual questions; published Ecclesiastical Politie (1670), which became a popular work and provoked much controversy; D.D. Cambridge, per literas regias, 1671; attracted the attention of James II by his advocacy of erastian views; made bishop of Oxford, 1686; nominated president of Magdalen College, 1687, where he admitted many Roman catholic fellows on the royal mandate; his patience was exhausted by a command from the king to admit nine more catholic fellows, and a burst of anger led to a convulsive fit, in which he died. Although universally regarded by contemporaries as merely a time-server, an examination of his writings leads to the conclusion that he held views on religious toleration in advance of his age.
  314. ^ Samuel Parker (1681–1730), nonjuror and theological writer; son of Samuel Parker (1640-1688); of Trinity College, Oxford: refused the oaths of allegiance and lived in retirement at Oxford; conformed, 1711: issued Censura Temporum (1708-10), a monthly periodical, in the interest of the high-church school of Queen Anne's rein, uud wrote a number of treatises.
  315. ^ Samuel William Langston Parker (1803-1871), surgeon; P.fi.C.8. in 1843; devoted his energies to the treatment of syphilis, in which department be obtained a world- wide reputation, though be did not advance the scientific knowledge of the disease.
  316. ^ Thomas Parker (fl. 1536–1581), Roman catholic divine; M.A. and fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1541; B.D., 1548; became vicar of Mildenhall, 1556: went abroad after Queen Elizabeth's accession, becoming D.D.
  317. ^ Thomas Parker (1595–1677), New England divine; son of Robert Parker (15647-1614); of Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A. Leyden, 1617; driven by bis puritan opinions to embark for New England, 1634; first pastor at Newbury in Massachusetts; devoted himself to the study of prophecy and wrote several works, only one of which was published, The Visions and Prophecies of Daniel Expounded (1646).
  318. ^ Sir Thomas Parker, first Earl of Macclesfield (1666?–1732), lord chancellor; son of an attorney at Leek; of Trinity College, Cambridge: barrister, Inner Temple, 1691, bencher, 1705; attended the midland circuit, where he became known as the silver-tongued counsel; whig M.P. for Derby, 1705, continuing to sit until his elevation to the bench; knighted, 1705; appointed one of the committee to draw up articles of impeachment against SachevereU, 1709; distinguished himself at Sacheverell's trial in 1710 by his vehemence; lord chief-justice of England, 1710; refused the offer of the seals, 1711, being opposed to the peace; a favourite of George I, who was delighted with his activity against the Jacobites at the time of Queen Anne's death, and in 1716 was created Baron Macclesfield; appointed lord chancellor, 1718; received the tellership of the exchequer, 1719; created Earl of Macclesfield, 1721. In 1724 a committee of the privy council was appointed to inquire into the funds of the suitors in the hands of the masters in chancery. They reported not only that there were considerable defalcations in some of the mastersoffices, but that there was a case of grave suspicion against the lord chancellor. In consequence he resigned the seals in January 1725, though he still continued in favour at court. In May he was impeached, found guilty, and fined 30,000*. He took no further part in public affairs. He was an able judge, both in common law and equity. Though a member of the cabinet and a great personal favourite of George I, he did not possess much political influence.
  319. ^ Sir Thomas Parker (1695?–1784, judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1724; king's serjeant, 1736; baron of the exchequer, 1738; knighted, 1742; removed to the common pleas, 1740; returned to the exchequer as chief baron, 1742, retiring, 1772.
  320. ^ Thomas Lister Parker (1779–1858), antiquary ; of Christ's College, Cambridge; displayed a collection of antiquities and pictures at Browsholme Hall, Yorkshire, partly formed by himself. His manuscripts were used by Thomas Dunham Whitaker.
  321. ^ William Parker (fl. 1535). See Malvern.
  322. ^ William Parker (d. 1618), sea-captain ; successful expeditious against the Spanish Indies in 1597 and 1600-1, when he sacked St. Vincent in the Cape Verd Islands and captured Porto Bello; died on a voyage to the East Indies.
  323. ^ William Parker, fourth Baron Monteagle and eleventh Baron Morley (1675-1622), grandson of Sir Henry Parker, ninth baron Morley; related to the chief Roman catholic families of the country; after being involved in Essex's rebellion became protestant in 1605; rewarded by a writ of summons to the House of Lords as Baron Monteagle, 1606; received a warning from his brother-in-law, Francis Tresham, which led to the detection of the Gunpowder plot; sat in parliament till his death; summoned to the Lords, 1621, as Baron Morley and Monteagle.
  324. ^ William Parker (1714–1803), divine; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1738; D.D.. K 1746; eminent as a pulp uapluin in ordinary to George II and George III. His works consist, for the most part, of single sermons, in which he defends the Mosaic history against the attacks of Bollngbroke, M,Mv:m..11. l..:.,-,- l,li:- I--,.
  325. ^ Sir William Parker, first baronet (1745–1802), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1766; fought a gallant action (28 May 1794) in the Audacious against the French ship Revolutionnaire; third in command at the battle of Cape St Vincent, where he betrayed some resentment at Nelson's account of the battle, 1797; created baronet, 1797; commander on the Halifax station, 1800, but recalled in 1801.
  326. ^ Sir William Parker, first baronet (1781–1866), admiral of the fleet; grandson of Sir Thomas Parker (1695 V-1784); entered navy, 1793, and saw much service; settled down in Staffordshire as a country gentleman, 1812; returned to service, 1827; acted as senior officer on the coast of Greece, 1828; protected British interests on the Tagus during the civil war of 1884; lord of the admiralty, 1834, and from 1836-41; commander in China, 1841, capturing Amoy, Ningpo, Woosung, and Shanghai, and bringing the war to a successful conclusion by capturing Chiu-kiang-foo; G.C.B., 1843; created baronet, 1844; nominated to the command of the Channel fleet, 1846, retiring, 1852; commander-in-chief at Devonport, 1854-7; admiral of the fleet, 1863.
  327. ^ William Kitchen Parker (1823–1890), comparative anatomist; Hunterian professor of comparative anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons, 1873. His most extensive work is that upon the skull, embodied in a series of monographs and smaller papers reduced into book form in 1877.
  328. ^ Alexander Parkes (1813–1890), chemist and inventor; took out forty -six patents extending over forty-six years, most of them connected with the deposition of metals by electricity: discovered the method of using zinc for the desilverisatiou of lead (1850) and invented celluloid.
  329. ^ David Parkes (1763–1833), schoolmaster, draughtsman, and antiquary: established a mercantile school at Shrewsbury; collected books, and made innumerable drawings of antiquities.
  330. ^ Edmund Alexander Parkes (1819–1876), professor of hygiene and physician; nephew of Anthony Todd Thomson; M.D. London, 1846; professor of clinical medicine, University College, London, 1849; superintended the large civil hospital in the Dardanelles during the Crimean war; founder of the science of modern hygiene, and famous throughout Europe in the field of military hygiene.
  331. ^ Sir Harry Smith Parkes (1828–1885), diplomatist; went to China, 1841, and entered government service; assisted in concluding the first European treaty with Siam, 1855; took an important part in the hostilities at Canton, 1856; one of the three commissioners appointed (1858) to control the government of Canton: arrested while carrying on negotiations for the termination of the third Chinese war, 1860, and kept in heavy chains at Peking for eleven days; constantly threatened with death and was kept in close confinement for three weeks before his release; consul at Shanghai; appointed minister to Japan, 1865; associated with every forward movement in Japan, in spite of several attempts to assassinate him, till 1872; G.C.M.G., 1882; gazetted minister to China, and concluded a treaty with Korea opening the country to British trade, 1883.
  332. ^ Sir Henry Parkes (1815–1896), Australian statesman; born of humble parents at Stoneleigh, Warwickshire; apprenticed as ivory turner at Birmingham; emigrated to Sydney, 1839; worked as farm labourer; opened shop as ivory and bone turner in Hunter Street, Sydney;; became known as a working-class agitator, 1848; founded and edited (1850-7) the Empire newspaper aa organ of liberalism in New South Wales; member for Sydney In legislative council; strongly advocated responsible government, and on ite estabus-hment (1868) was member for East Sydney, 1868-61; colonial secretary, 1866-8; member for Mndgee, 1871; prime minister of New South Wales, 1872-*, 1878:3 and 1887-9; K.C.M.G., 1877; G.C.M.G., 1888; strongly advocated federation, and presided (1891) over Sidney convention, which practically laid foundations of the Australian commonwealth: published works on Australian history and politics and several volumes of ,,*-,.-.
  333. ^ James Parkes (1794–1828), artist; son of David Parkes; assisted his father in his archaeological drawings.
  334. ^ Joseph Parkes (1796–1866), politician; brother of Josiah Parke: a Birmingham solicitor; after acting as an intermediary between the whigs and radicals on the question of parliamentary reform, became a member Birmingham political union in 1832, and prepared for aruml rebellion if the Reform Bill was again rejected; subsequently built up a considerable business as a parliamentary solicitor.
  335. ^ Josiah Parkes (1793–1871), inventor of the deepdrainage system; became a civil engineer and discovered the advantages of deep drains while engaged in draining a part of Chat Moss, Lancashire.
  336. ^ Richard Parkes (fl. 1674–1607), divine ; M.A. Brasenow College, Oxford, 1686; wrote against Andrew Willet in support of Augustinian doctrines.
  337. ^ Samuel Parkes (1761–1825), chemist; manufacturing chemist in London, 1803; published manuals of chemistry between 1806 and 1815, which brought him many honours from learned societies.
  338. ^ William Parkes (fl. 1612), satirist; author of The Curtaine- Drawer of the World (a tract in prose and verse), 1612.
  339. ^ Hannah Parkhouse (1743–1809). See Cowley.
  340. ^ Ferdinando Parkhurst (fl. 1663–1662), translator; rendered several works from Latin into English.
  341. ^ John Parkhurst (1512?–1575), bishop of Norwich; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1529; M.A., 1633; created D.D. Oxford, 1566; supported the Reformation and went to Zurich on Queen Mary's accession; became bishop of Norwich, 1560; published a collection of Latin epigrams, 1574.
  342. ^ John Parkhurst (1564–1639), master of Balliol College, Oxford: a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1581; M.A., 1590; D.D, IdloT; secretary to Sir Henry Wotton at Turin, 1613, and was sent by the Duke of Savoy to negotiate with the protestante of Geneva; elected master of Balliol College, Oxford, in 1617; resigned mastership, 1637.
  343. ^ John Parkhurst (1728–1797), biblical lexicographer; grandson of Sir Robert Dormer; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1752, and fellow; published An Hebrew and English Lexicon 1762, A Greek and English Lexicon to the New Testament 1769.
  344. ^ Nathaniel Parkhurst (1643–1707), divine; M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge, 1664; vicar of Yoxford, 1665-1707; published religious works.
  345. ^ Thomas Parkhurst (1629?-1707?), London bookseller; eminent as a publisher of presbyterian works.
  346. ^ Charles Parkin (1689–1765), antiquary; M.A., Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1717; rector of Oxburgh 1,17; competed Francis Blomefleld'sHistory of Norfolk published 1778.
  347. ^ Anthony Parkinson, in religion Cuthbert (1667-1728), Franciscan friar; missioner in province, 1713; author of Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica.
  348. ^ James Parkinson (1663–1722), polemical writer; LSSKf ?fr S ford 1674: feUow of Llncol n Oxford, 1674: M.A., 1675; took orders- as at T..? from the 5B?WS , 1689, without regaining his fellowship ward 8 School, Birmingham, from
  349. ^ James Parkinson (d. 1824), surgeon and palaeontologist; published numerous small medical works, 1799-1807, besides issuing Organic llemains of a Former World 1804-11 (3 vols.)
  350. ^ John Parkinson (1567–1650), apothecary and herbalist; apothecary to James I; published botanical works.
  351. ^ Joseph Parkinson (1783–1855), architect; son of James Parkinson (1730?-1813); designed many alterations and additions at Magdalen College, Oxford, 1822-30.
  352. ^ Richard Parkinson (1748–1815), agricultural writer; employed as agriculturist by George Washington at Mount Vernou, c. 1798.
  353. ^ Richard Parkinson (1797–1868), canon of Manchester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1824; D.D. ? 1861; principal of St. Bees College, 1846; one of the founders of the Chetham Society and its vice-president from its commencement in 1843.
  354. ^ Stephen Parkinson (1823–1889), mathematician; senior wrangler, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1845; tutor of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1864-82; took a leading part in university affairs.
  355. ^ Sydney Parkinson (1745?–1771), draughtsman; accompanied Captain Cook to the South Seas in 1768, dying at sea. Owing to a dispute with his brother, Stanfield Parkinson, concerning his papers, his name was excluded from the official account of the voyage made by John Hawkesworth
  356. ^ Thomas Parkinson (ft. 1769–1789), portrait painter, chiefly known as a painter of theatrical portraits and groups.
  357. ^ Thomas Parkinson (1745–1830), mathematician; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1771-91; M.A., 1772; D.D., 1795; F.R.S., 1786; archdeacon of Huntingdon, 1794, of Leicester, 1812; published A System of Mechanics and Hydrostatics 1789.
  358. ^ Mansfield Parkyns (1823–1894), traveller ; great-grandson of Sir Thomas Parkyns, second baronet; travelled in Abyssinia between. 1843 and 1846, publishing an account, 1853.
  359. ^ Sir Thomas Parkyns, second baronet (1664–1741),Luctator of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; student, Gray's Inn, 1682; J.P., Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, 1684-1741; owed his celebrity to his extraordinary passion for wrestling, establishing an annual competition at his residence, Bunny Hall, which lasted till 1810; embodied his theories in npoyvfwaoiaTa (1713, latest edit. 1810).
  360. ^ Sir William Parkyns or Perkins (1649?-1696), conspirator; barrister, Inner Temple, 1675; knighted, 1681; clerk of the court of chancery and Jacobite; associated in the plot of Sir George Barclay to assassinate William III, 1696; executed on Tower Hill, London.
  361. ^ Peter Parley (pseudonym). See William Martin.
  362. ^ Peter Parley (pseudonym). See George Mogridge, 1787–1854.
  363. ^ James Parmentier (Jacques) (1658–1730), painter; born in France; resided intermittently in England from 1676; employed as a decorative painter by William III.
  364. ^ Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891), political leader; born at Avondale, co. Wicklow; grandson of William Parnell; of Magdalene College, Cambridge; offered his services to Isaac Butt, leader of the Irish parliamentary party, 1874; M.P., co. Meath, 1876, a seat which he exchanged for Cork city, 1880; attracted attention by his extreme attitude, and won the confidence of the Fenians, which Butt had lost; from 1877 rapidly fulfilled, by his tactics of obstruction, his object of bringing discredit upon the House of Commons; his action at first disapproved by Butt, but countenanced, January 1878, at a conference in Dublin; resolved to consolidate and dominate all the scattered forces inside and outside parliament which aimed at securing legislative independence for Ireland; courted the support of the Fenians, and in December 1878, after a visit to Ameri.:l. obtained an alliance with the Clan-na-Gael, or new Fenians, who had hitherto despised parliamentary agitution, one of the conditions of the treaty being that the land qu-tion -,1,0'iM be vigorously agitated ou a basis of peasant proprietorship, to curry which i-npul.i effect the National Laud League of Ireland was formed in October 1H79 for the reduction of rack-rente and the transfer of the ownership of the hind to the occupier*; president of the Land League; elected chairman of the home-rule party iu the House of Commons, May 1880; rxertil over his parliamentary supporters a sway unpuralleliil in parliamentary annaU, mid wielded enormous influence outside the bouse; though at first disliked by the Irish clergy, was toon supported by the Irish bishops; kept together for nearly ten years a heterogeneous crowd of supporters, many o them having mutually strong antipathies; he initiated, in a speech at Bnnis, September 1880, the system of boycotting those who took the farms of evicted tenants, a move by which government in Ireland was paralysed throughout the autumn; bitterly opposed William Edward Forster's Coercion Bill early in 1881: founded, July 1881, "The Irish National Newspaper and Publishing Company which issued the Irishman and United Ireland under the editorship of William O'Brien; arrested for incendiary speeches and imprisoned in Kilmainham gaol with several of his supporters, October 1881, the Land League being declared an illegal association at the same time; gained great popularity by his imprisonment, the duration of which was marked by an increase in the number of outrages; generally known to his followers as the uncrowned king of Ireland; given the freedom of DubUn; released, 2 May 1882, soon after the accommodation with Gladstone's government known as the K ilmainham treaty had been effected, contrary to the advice of Forster, who resigned the office of Irish secretary in consequence; disavowed all sympathy with the perpetrators of the murder in Phoenix Park (6 May 1882) of Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish, the new chief secretary, and the permanent under-secretary, Thomas Henry Burke q. v.j; resumed his attitude of implacable hostility on fresh coercive legislation being announced by government; attended a national conference at Dublin, October 1882, at which the Land League was avowedly revived as the Irish National League for the purpose of attaining national self-government, landlaw reform, and the development of Irish industry; accused by Forster, February 1883, in the House of Commons of planning outrage and assassination; met the charge with a blunt denial; on the defeat of the liberal government by the Irish vote, June 1886, received overtures from the succeeding tory government, which be welcomed, as he probably desired to employ them to induce William Ewart Gladstone to outbid the tory offers; left master of the situation by the balance of parties after the general election of December; with the help of the liberal party overthrew the tory government, January 1886, which had announced its intention of introducing a bill for the suppression of the National League; on Gladstone's return to power, was seen to have converted Gladstone to his home-rule scheme; on the conservative triumph at the election (July 1886) which followed Gladstone's appeal to the country after the defeat of his bill for the establishment of an Irish parliament, made a complete change of front in his treatment of the English parties, and, instead of holding aloof from both, formed an alliance with the liberals for all parliamentary purposes, and sought rather to win than to force his wayby the ordinary rules of parliamentary warfare; attended parliament irregularly, his health being bad between 1885 and 1890; spoke rarely at public meetings in Ireland, and lost influence in consequence; charged, along with many of bis colleagues, with connivance with crime and outrage in the days of the Land League in a series of articles entitled Parnellism and Crime which appeared in The Times in the earlier months of 1887: denied in the House of Commons the authenticity of a fac-simile letter printed inThe Timespurporting to have been written by himself on 15 May 1882 in extenuation of the Phoenix Park murders; declared in the house that similar letters read in court a prupos of a libel action unsuccessfully brought against The Times in July 1888 by Mr. Frank Hugh O'Donnell were all forgeries; was ultimately vindicated, after the government constituted a special commission to inquire into all the charges brought against the Irish members by * The Times; this trial commenced October 18K8, and during its course, in February 1889, Richard Pigott, who bad sold the incriminating letters to % The Times broke down under cross-examination, and the counsel forThe Timeswithdrew from the case the charge* founded on the letters which Pigott had  :;! -!::.:::.-.-...., 'ounce agrarian outrage; report of the trial enter*! .i.inials, an amendment by Gladstone In the House of Commons in reprobation of the charges against Parnell  :-.. "...-..-...:. -1 in November ih-jo by his appearance a co-respondent in a suit for divorce brought by Captain O'Sheft against his wifr. Parnriis a,iult,- r y with her being legally proved. Parnell gradually lost the support of the liberal nonconformists in consequence, Gladstone In an open tetter to Mr. John Morley declaring his continuance as leader of the Irish party undesirable. Parnell summoned the Irish party, December 1890, In committee room No. 15 at the Bouse of Commons to consider the situation, and, on refusing to put the question of his deposition to the vote, was abandoned, by the majority of the party; endeavoured to re-establish hU position, and was supported by the Fenians and more extreme home-rulers, bat had against him the influence of the Roman catholic church; spoke in public for the last time at Creggs in Galway, 27 Sept. 1891: died at Brighton of inflammation of the lungs on 6 Oct. and was buried in Glasnevin cemetery, Dublin. On 25 June 1891 he married Katherine, the divorced wife of Captain O'Sbea and the daughter of Sir John Page Wood His influence on the course of English and Irish history may be estimated by the fact that when he entered public life home-rule for Ireland was viewed by English politicians as a wild impracticable dream, while within eleven years he had induced a majority of one of the two great English political parties to treat it as an urgent neceraity.
  365. ^ Fanny Parnell (1854–1882), poetess and politician; sister of Charles Stewart Paruell; wrote many patriotic poems for the nationalist press, and assisted in organising the Land League and the Ladies Land League.
  366. ^ Sir Henry Brooke Parnell, fourth baronet and first Baron Congleton (1776-1842), son of Bit John Parnell, second baronet; M.P., Maryborough, Irish House of Commons, 1797, and Queen's County (united parliament), 1802; appointed a commissioner of the treasury for Ireland in the ministry of all the talento 1806, retiring from office, March 1807; conspicuous as an advocate of catholic emancipation from 1810, support intr the second reading of the Catholic Emancipation Act, lb"J; secretary at war in Lord Grey's administration, 1831, hut dismissed from office (1832) for refusing to support the ministry on the question of the Russian-Dutch war; treasurer of the navy in Lord Melbourne's ministry, 1835; paymaster-general of the forces, 1835; obtained the new office of paymaster-general, 1836, which he held until his death; created Baron Congleton, 1841; published numerous works, mainly in the field of economics: committed suicide after suffering for some time from ill-health. He was an active, and useful member of the most liberal section of the whig party, and achieved a high reputation as a political economist and a writer on finance,
  367. ^ James Parnell ((1637?–1656), quaker and pamphleteer; a convert of George Fox, whom he visited in prison at Carlisle; imprisoned at Cambridge, c. 1654, for attacking the magistrates and priests, and in 1655 was confined in Colchester Castle; died in consequence of his severe treatment; considered the quaker protomartyr. He wrote several works, of which the earliest, A Trial of Faith (1654), was translated into Dutch and French.
  368. ^ Sir John Parnell, second baronet (1744–1801), chancellor of the Irish exchequer; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1766; bencher, King's Inns, Dublin, 1786: M.P., Bangor, 1761-8 (Irish parliament), Inistioge, 1776-83; chancellor of the Irish exchequer, 1785; warmly opposed the liberal policy of the English government; helped to dissuade Pitt and Dundas from measured of reform, 1792; removed from his post (1799) La consequence of his opposition to the union: entered the first parliament of the United Kingdom (M.P., Queen's County), 1801.
  369. ^ Sir John Vesey Parnell , fifth baronet and second Baron Congleton (1805-1883), eldest son of Sir Henry Brooke Parnell, first baron; educated in France and at Edinburgh University; joined the Plymouth brethren, 1829, and spent his life in making preaching tours.
  370. ^ Thomas Parnell (1679–1718), poet; born In iblin- M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1700; installed a minor canon of St. Patrick's. Dublin, 1704; archdeacon of Glogber. 1706-16; presented to the vicarage of Fiuglas, 1716 on friendly terms with Swift and other members of thetory party by 1711; contributed (1712-13) occasional allegorical papers to the Spectator and Guardian*; created D.D. Dublin, 1713; aided Pope in his trans lation of theIliad also contributing to the work an introductoryEssay on Homer; vicar of Finglas, 1716; addicted to excessive drinking. As a poet his work_is marked by fluent versification and high moral tone. His more important pieces, including * The Hermit and The Fairy Talewere revised by Pope. The first collective edition of his poems appeared, 1721, the last Aldiue edition, 1894.
  371. ^ William Parnell, afterwards Parnell-Hayes (d. 1831), controversialist; the son of Sir John Parnell, second baronet; M.P., co. Wicklow, 1817, 1818, and 1830; opposed the union and, though a protestant, had a warm admiration for the Roman catholic clergy, whose influence he supported in his works.
  372. ^ Sir Robert Parning (d. 1343), chancellor; knight of the shire for Cumberland, 1325, 1327, 1328, 1331, and 1332; chief-justice of the court of king's bench, 1340; chancellor, 1341.
  373. ^ Bartholomew Parr (1750–1810), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1773; physician to the Devon and Exeter Hospital, 1776; published the London Medical Dictionary (1809, 2 vols.)
  374. ^ Catherine Parr (1512–1548). See Catherine.
  375. ^ Elnathan Parr (rf. 1632?), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1601; B.D., 1615; rector of Palgrave; author of four theological treatises.
  376. ^ George Parr (1826–1891), cricketer; represented Nottinghamshire, 1846-70; captain of the All England Eleven, 1857-70; succeeded Fuller Pilch as the finest batsman in England.
  377. ^ Harriet Parr (1828–1900), novelist; published (1854-82) under pseudonym of Holm Lee, numerous novels and, under her own name, Life of Joan of Arc 1866, and other works.
  378. ^ John Parr (1633?–1716?), dissenting minister ; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1662; ministered for a time to the Darwen nonconformists and also at Walton and Preston, enduring considerable persecution.
  379. ^ Nathaniel Parr (ft. 1730–1760), engraver.
  380. ^ Remigius Parr (ft. 1747), engraver; probably son or brother of Nathaniel Parr; his work difficult to distinguish from that of Nathaniel; some of his engravings of historical importance.
  381. ^ Richard Parr or Parre (1592?–1644), bishop of Sodor and Man; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1614; M.A., 1616; D.D., 1634; consecrated, 1635.
  382. ^ Richard Parr (1617–1691), divine; M.A.Exeter College, Oxford, 1642; fellow; created D.D., 1660; vicar of Reigate, 1646-63, of Camberwell, 1653-91; published the life of James Ussher, partly compiled by Thomas Marshall
  383. ^ Samuel Parr (1747–1825), pedagogue; son of a Harrow apothecary; educated at Harrow School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A. per literas regias, 1771; forced by the rapacity of his step-mother to leave Cambridge on his father's death in 1766; became first assistant at Harrow under Robert Carey Sumner; on Sumner's death (1771) took offence at not being elected to succeed him, and started a rival school at IwiMWii, which declined after the departure of the first art of boys; obtained the mastership of Colchester grammar school, 1776, which did not prosper under him; removed to Norwich as head-master of the grammar school, 1779: Mtued at Hatton in Warwickshire as perpetual curate and took in private pupils, 1785; lived there for the rest of his life, enlarging the parsonage and building a library, which finally contained over ten thousand volumes; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1783; exchanged (1789) his perpetual curacy for the rectory of Wadenhoe, but retained the parsonage and continued to serve the church at Hatton: prevented from obtaining high preferment by his strong whiggism; became conspicuous as a political writer in 1787; met Priestley at Warwick, 1790, and at once formed a friendship with him; nearly involved by this acquaintance in the Birmingham riots of 1791, the rioters being expected to attack Hatton after their outrages on Priestley and his supporters; continually involved in literary quarrels, and at different times was at variance with Richard Hurd, bishop of Worcester, with Charles Combe, and with William Godwin (1756-1836); published his Characters of Fox (a collection of articles and notes), 1809. He was regarded as the whig Johnson, but his conversation was apparently very inferior to that of his model. His mannerism and verbosity make his English writings in general unreadable. He was admittedly a fine Latin scholar, and excelled as a writer of Latin epitaphs. He knew Rogers and Moore, and met Byron. Among literary men who have warmly acknowledged his kindness to them were Landor and the first Lord Lytton. His works were collected in eight volumes in 1828.
  384. ^ Thomas Parr (1483?–1635), 'Old Parr'; a native of Alberbury, near Shrewsbury, whose longevity was celebrated by Taylor the water-poet; said to have been born in 1483, to have gone into service in 1500, and to have done penance for incontinence at the age of 105; sent to court by the Earl of Arundel, 1635, where the change in his mode of life killed him. Sir George Cornewall Lewis and William John Thorns regard the story of his extraordinary age as unsupported by any trustworthy evidence.
  385. ^ Sir William Parr (1434–1483?), courtier and soldier; K.G.; supported the revolt of the Nevilles and Clarence, 1469, but returned to Edward IV, 1471, and was made comptroller of the household; chief commissioner for exercising the office of constable of England, 1483.
  386. ^ Sir William Parr, Marquis of Northampton, Earl of Essex, and Baron Parr (1513–1571), brother of Catherine Parr; educated at Cambridge; created Baron Parr and Ross, 1539, Earl of Essex, 1543, and Marquis of Northampton, 1547; a supporter of Somerset and afterwards of Northumberland, whom he accompanied into the eastern counties on Edward VI's death to maintain the cause of Lady Jane Grey; condemned to death on Queen Mary's triumph, but pardoned, with forfeiture of his titles and part of his estates; again created marquis, 1559.
  387. ^ Edmund Thomas Parris (1793-1873), painter; constructed panoramas, and was for some years a fashionable portrait-painter; restored Thornhill's paintings in the cupola of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, completely repainting them and depriving them of all interest, between 1853 and 1856.
  388. ^ George van Parris or Paris (d. 1551), heretic ; an inhabitant of Mentz; naturalised, 1550; burnt at Smithfield, 1551, for denying the humanity of Christ.
  389. ^ Henry Parrot or Perrot (fl. 1600–1626), epigrammatist; author of Springes for Woodcocks 1613, and six other little volumes of profligate epigrams and satires.
  390. ^ Benjamin Parry (1634–1678), bishop of Ossory ; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1654; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Greek reader, 1660; D.D., 1670; son of Edward Parry (d. 1650); appointed bishop in 1677 as his brother's successor; author ofChimia Caelestis 1659.
  391. ^ Caleb Hillier Parry (1755–1822), physician ; son of Joshua Parry; M.D. Edinburgh, 1778; L.R.C.P., 1778; settled as a physician in Bath, 1779; his medical researches of considerable importance, especially his tract on The Nature, Cause, and Varieties of the Arterial Pulse 1816.
  392. ^ Charles Henry Parry (1779–1860), physician ; son of Caleb Hillier Parry; studied medicine at Göttingen; M.D. Edinburgh, 1804; L.R.C.P., 1806; F.R.S., 1812; practised for some years at Bath, and published treatises on miscellaneous subjects.
  393. ^ Charles James Parry (1824–1894), petnter; on of Diiviil Henry Parry; executed landscapes in oil.
  394. ^ David Henry Parry (1793–1826), portraitpainter; son of Joshua 1'jirry; painted portrait* of Manchester worthies, both in oils and watercolours.
  395. ^ Edward Parry (rf. 1650), bishop of Killaloe ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin. 1620: fellow, 1624; consecrated bishop, 1647; never visited Killaloe, where he wnuM not have been safe, owiner to the predominance of the catholics during the civil war; died of the plague in Dublin.
  396. ^ Edward Parry (1830–1890), bishop suffragan of Dover: son of Sir William Ivl-.v.ml Tarn: M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1845: D.D., 1870: domestic chaplain of Archibald Campbell Tait, bishop of London, 1867: archdeacon of Canterbury, 1869, and suffragan bishop of Dover, 1870; published memorials of his father and his brother, Charles Parry.
  397. ^ Henry Parry (1661–1616), successively bishop of Gloucester and Worcester; M.A. Corpus Christl College, Oxford. 1585: fellow, 1586; D.D., 1596; chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, and present at her death: bishop of Gloucester, 1607, of Worcester, 1610; published several treatises.
  398. ^ Henry Hutton Parry (1827–1893), bishop of Western Australia: son of Thomas Parry; of Rugby and Balliol College, Oxford; B.A., 1851; was consecrated coadjutor to his father, 1868, and appointed to the see of Perth, 1876.
  399. ^ James Parry (d. 1871?), artist ; son of Joseph Parry [q. v.]; drew and engraved views of Manchester.
  400. ^ John Parry (d. 1677), bishop of Ossory ; son of Edward Parry (d. 1650); of Trinity College, Dublin (B.A.), and Jesus College, Oxford (fellow); M.A., 1653; Ormonde's chaplain and consecrated bishop, 1672; benefactor of his see; published (1666)Tears well directed, or pious Reflections on our Saviour's Sufferings
  401. ^ John Parry (d. 1782), musician ; a blind harper of Ruabon; editor with Evan Williams of the earliest published collections of Welsh music,
  402. ^ John Parry (1776–1851), musician and composer ; wrote several plays and contributed to the musical press. His compositions include songs, glees, and pieces for the harp, piano, flageolet, flute, and violin.
  403. ^ John Docwra Parry (d. 1833?), topographer ; M.A. PeterhouRe, Cambridge, 1827; took orders; published several treatises of small value.
  404. ^ John Humffreys Parry (1786–1826), Welsh antiquary; barrister, Temple, 1811; practised at the bar, but finally turned to literature for a livelihood: assisted in publishing the government edition of Welsh historians; active in the re-establishment of the Oymmrodorion Society, 1820; killed In the street at Pentonville in a quarrel.
  405. ^ John Humffreys Parry (1816–1880), serjeantat-law; son of John Humffreys Parry (1786-1826); barrister, Middle Temple, 1843; Serjeant, 1866; bencher of the Middle Temple, 1878; practised at first in the criminal, but afterwards in the civil, courts,
  406. ^ John Orlando Parry (1810–1879), actor and entertainer; son of John Parry (1776-1861): made his debut as a vocalist, 1830, and as an actor at St. James's Theatre, London, 1836; forsook the stage for the concert room, 1842; came out as an entertainer, 1850; joined Thomas German Reed, 1860, retiring, 1869.
  407. ^ Joseph Parry (1744–1826), artist; often called the father of art in Manchester. His best pictures are familiar scenes in everyday life, but he was also a portrait and historical painter.
  408. ^ Joshua Parry (1719–1776), dissenting divine; presbyterian minister in Cirencester from 1742; possessed much literary ability, which he dissipated in fugitive pieces, political, metaphysical, and satirical,
  409. ^ Sir Love Parry Jones Parry (1781–1853), lieutenant-general; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1811; student, Lincoln Inn, 1802; commanded a brigade on the Canadian frontier ,1. in.ittl,,- war. -,. M.I, Horsham, 1806-7, Carmarthen, 1835-40; K.H., 135: high sheriff of Carmarthenshire, 1840; lieutenant-general, 1846.
  410. ^ Richard Parry (1560–1623), bishop of St. Asaph; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1586; D.D., 1597; dean of Bangor, 1599; consecrated bishop, 1604; revised the Welsh translation of the bible by his predecessor, William Morgan (1540?- 1604).
  411. ^ Richard Parry (1722–1780), divine; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; student, 1740; preacher at Market Harborough, 1764; M.A., 1747; D.D., 1757; rector of Witchampton, 1767; author of theological works.
  412. ^ Robert Parry (Jl. 1695), translator ; author of Moderates(1696); perhaps the'R. P.* who translated partB ii. ilL and iv. of the'Myrrour of Princely Deeds from the Spanish original.
  413. ^ Sefton Henry Parry (18W-1887), theatrical manager; built the London theatres, the Holbora in 1866. the Globe in 1868, and the Avenue in 1882.
  414. ^ Sir Thomas Parry (d. 1560), controller of the household; steward of the Princess Elizabeth, and appointed controller at her accession; knighted and made privy councillor.
  415. ^ Sir Thomas Parry (d. 1616), ambassador in France; son of Sir Thomas Parry (d. 1560); M.P., Berkshire, 1586; ambassador, 1601-5; knighted, 1601; had the custody of Lady Arabella Stuart for a short time, 1610-11.
  416. ^ Thomas Parry (1796–1870), bishop of Barbados; was fellow and tutor of Balliol College, Oxford, 1816; M.A., 1819; D.D., 1842; archdeacon of Antigua, 1824; archdeacon of Barbados, 1840; bishop of Barbados, 1842; retired, 1869.
  417. ^ Thomas Gambier Parry (1816–1888), inventor of the spirit fresco process; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1848: published (1880) an account of his process, which ensured permanence for colours in fresco painting: painted frescoes in several English abbeys and cathedrals, and was recognised as the chief authority on decorative painting.
  418. ^ William Parry (d. 1585), conspirator; after squandering his own and his wife's money became a spy of Burleigh on the continent; he secretly became a catholic, c. 1579, and a double traitor; accused (1585) of a plot to murder Queen Elizabeth by his accomplice Edmund Neville (1560? -1618) and executed. There is some doubt as to his guilt.
  419. ^ William Parry (fl. 1601), traveller; accompanied Sir Anthony Shirley in his travels, and published an account of them in 1601, entitled A New and Large Discourse of the Travels of Anthony Sherley.
  420. ^ William Parry (1687–1786?), calligrapher and numismatist; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1712; B.D., 1719; fellow; vicar of Shipston-on-Stour, 1739; wrote so elegant a hand that some of his manuscripts resemble typography.
  421. ^ William Parry (1742?–1791), portrait-painter; son of John Parry (d. 1782); A.RJL, 1776.
  422. ^ William Parry (1764–1819). congregational minister and tutor; minister at Little Baddow and tutor of the academy of the Coward Trust at Wymondley in Hertfordshire; published theological works.
  423. ^ William Parry (fl. 1823–1825), major of Lord Byron's brigade in Greece; originally a ti remaster * in the navy; employed by Thomas Gordon (1788-1841) in 1823 to prepare a plan for supplying artillery to the Greeks; kept Byron's accounts, and was his favourite butt at Missolonghi; published The Last Days of Lord Byron 1825. According to Trelawny he subsequently became insane through drink.
  424. ^ Sir William Edward Parry (1790–1865), rear-admiral and arctic explorer; son of Caleb Hillier Parry; commanded expeditions in search of the North-West passage. 1819-90, 1821-3, and 1824-5; atpted (1827) to reach the North lYli from Spitsbergen by travelling with sledge-boats over the ice; was finally itoppM by the current which set the ice floes to the southwards almost as fast as the men could drag the ledges towards the north, but attained latitude 82 45 the highest reached until 1876: hy.ircxrrapher to the admiralty, 1826-9; knighted, 1829; rear-admiral, 1852.
  425. ^ Henry Pars (1784 - 1806), draughtsman and chaser; kept a drawing school in the Strand for over forty years,
  426. ^ William Pars (1742–1782), portrait-painter and draughtsman; brother of Henry Pars: illustrated Ionian Antiquities for Dr. Richard Chandler (1788-1810)
  427. ^ Thomas Parsell (1674–1720), head-master of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London: of Merchant Taylors School, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1701; D.D., 1706: appointed head-master, 1707; translated the prayer-book into Latin, 1706.
  428. ^ Osbert Parsley or Persley (1511–1585), musical composer; for fifty years singing-master at Norwich OathedraL
  429. ^ Thomas Parson (1631–1681?), dissenting divine; M.A. and nominated (1660) fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, by Oliver Cromwell; ejected from St. Michael's, Wood Street, London, 1662.
  430. ^ Abraham Parsons (d. 1785), traveller and consul; made several journeys in Asia Minor, Persia, India, and Egypt, of which he left a journal, published in 1808, under the title, Account of Travels in Asia and Africa
  431. ^ Andrew Parsons (1616–1684), dissenting minister; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1638; rector of Wem, 1646; ejected at the Restoration; afterwards ministered in London.
  432. ^ Bartholomew Parsons (1574–1642), divine; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1603; B.D., 1611; held several preferments; published eight sermons, 1616-37.
  433. ^ Benjamin Parsons (1797–1855), congregational minister; ordained to Ebley, 1826; wrote on the voluntary system of education, temperance, and the observance of the sabbath,
  434. ^ Edward Parsons (1762–1833), congregational minister: minister at Leeds, 1785-1832; published sermons and tracts.
  435. ^ Edward Parsons (1797–1844), congregational minister: son of Edward Parsons (1762-1833); published several small historical works.
  436. ^ Eliza Parsons (rf. 1811), novelist and dramatist ; was the daughter of a Plymouth wine merchant named Phelp; married a turpentine merchant named Parsons; wrote above sixty volumes of novels, all mediocre.
  437. ^ Elizabeth Parsons (1749–1807), 'the Cock Lane ghost'; daughter of the deputy parish clerk at St Sepulchre's, London; attracted attention, when a little artful girl about eleven years of age by making mysterious scratching and noises supposed to proceed from a ghost; visited by the Duke of York and numerous leaden of fashion: but was detected in 1762; Dr Johnson published an account of the investigations in the (Gentleman's Magazine which gave the imposture ite deathblow.
  438. ^ Elizabeth Parsons (1812–1873), hymn-writer: Rooker: married T. Edgecurabe Parsons, 1844; author of a number of hymns, includingJesus, we love
  439. ^ Francis Parsons (Jl. 1763–1783), portrait painter and picture-dealer,
  440. ^ Mrs Gertrude Parsons (1812–1891), novelist; daughter of John Hext: married Daniel Parsons, 1845; from 1846 wrote a series of tales chiefly with the object f wrving the church of Rome, which she and her husband joined in 1848-4.
  441. ^ Humphrey Parsons (1676?-17410, lord-mayor of London; a brewer by trade at Aldgate; twice lord mayor, 1730 and 1740; died during his second term of office. He was a favourite with Louis XV, who permitted him to import beer into France free of duty.
  442. ^ James Parsons (1705–1770), physician and antiquary; M.D. Rheims, 1736; F.R.S., 1741 (foreign secretary, c.1750); F.S.A.; L.R.C.P., 1751; practised in London; published medical treatises and one philological work.
  443. ^ James Parsons (1762–1847), divine; vice-principal of St. Alban Hall, Oxford; of Trinity and Wadham Colleges, Oxford; M.A., 1786; B.D. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1815; completed the Oxford Septuagint 1827.
  444. ^ James Parsons (1799–1877), preacher; son of Edward Parsons (1762-1833); congregational minister at York, 1822-70; the most remarkable pulpit orator of his time.
  445. ^ John Parsons (d. 1623), organist and composer; said to be the son of Robert Parsons (d. 1570); became organist at Westminster Abbey, 1621.
  446. ^ John Parsons (1742–1785), physician; 4 M?A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1766; M.D., 1772; first professor of anatomy at Oxford, 1766.
  447. ^ John Parsons (1761–1819), bishop of Peterborough; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1785; D.D., 1799; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1785, master, 17981819; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1807-10; in conjunction with Dr. Eveleigh, the provost of Worcester College, gave the lead to the university in making the examinations, which had degenerated into a discreditable farce, a reality; elaborated the new examination statute of 1801, by which honours were for the first time awarded for real merit; dean of Bristol, 1810; bishop of Peterborough, 1813.
  448. ^ John Meeson Parsons (1798–1870), picture collector; chairman of the London and Brighton Railway Company, 1843-4; amassed a valuable gallery, chiefly of the German and Dutch Schools, many of which he left to public institutions.
  449. ^ Sir Lawrence Parsons , first baronet (d. 1698), Irish protestant; grand-nephew of Sir William Parsons (1570 7-1650); created baronet, 1677 refusing to deliver Birr Castle to James II, was besieged, captured, and condemned for high treason, 1689, but liberated after the battle of the Boyne.
  450. ^ Sir Lawrence Parsons , second Earl of Rosse (1758-1841), B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1780; entered the Irish parliament (M.P., Dublin University, 1782), and disclaimed party politics, though influenced by Henry Flood; opposed the union; became Earl of Rosse, 1807; joint postmaster-general for Ireland in 1809.
  451. ^ Philip Parsons (1594–1653), principlof Hart Hall (now Hertford College), Oxford: of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1613; M.A., 1618 (incorporated at Cambridge, 1622); M.D. Padua (incorporated at Oxford, 1628); principal of Hart Hall, 1633; wrote Atalanta (Latin comedy). t
  452. ^ Philip Parsons (1729–1812), divine; M.A. Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1776; perpetual curate of Wye, 1761; published miscellaneous works.
  453. ^ Richard Parsons (1643–1711), divine and antiquary; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford: fellow, 1659; D.O.L., 1687; vicar of Driffleld, 1674: made considerable collections for a history of the diocese of Gloucester (now in the Bodleian).
  454. ^ Robert Parsons (d. 1570), musical composer: gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1563; composed church music.
  455. ^ Robert Parsons or Persons (1546–1610), Jesuit missionary and controversialist; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1668; M.A., 1572; tutor and for some time (1574) bursar and dean; being at enmity with the fellows, left, or was dismissed, the college, 1574; proceeded to Louvain and was received into the Roman catholic church; joined Jesuits, 1575: returned to England with Edmund Campion, 1580, on a religious mission; made many converts among the gentry; set up a secret printing press and also engaged in political intrigues In l.iiL'liind and on tin- eontinetit: iii t!i- Spaiu-h pe!i.n-ula, .:Tn,d.-d the patriotism of the majority of U.I), "xfonl; sent on an embMcy to the king of Aragon English catholics by his eonduct.ln incitiiiK 1'hilip II to; and king of the Romans, 1488; represented the BnglUa attack Rnglund, and by hid violent n from clergy at Baele, 1438. u place of safety; drew down on them suspicions of treason, which most of them did not deserve; appointed rector of the English College at Rome, 1597, where he died. His published works, chiefly controversial pamphlet*, are over thirty in number.
  456. ^ Robert Parsons (1647–1714), archdeacon of Gloucester; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1670; patronised by the family of John Wilmot, second earl of Rochester, whose funeral sermon (frequently republished) he preached.
  457. ^ Sir William Parsons, first baronet (1670?–1660), lord justice of Ireland; came to Ireland as assistant to his uncle, Sir Geoffrey Fenton, and in 1608 succeeded him as surveyor-general; obtained numerous grants of land; took an active part in the plantation of Ulster (1610), Wexford (1618), Longford (1619), and Leitrim (leJO); privy councillor, 1683; M.P., co. Wicklow, 1639; appointed lord justice, 1640; has been accused of stimulating the rebellion to obtain new crop of confiscations; retired to England, where he met with a cold reception, 1648.
  458. ^ William Parsons (1658–1785?), chronologer; of Christ Church, Oxford; lieutenant-colonel in the English army, 1687; published valuable Chronological Tables of Europe 1707.
  459. ^ William Parsons (1736–1795), actor; first acted in the provinces, appearing in 1768 at Drury Lane Theatre, London, with which he was all his life associated; popularly known as the comic Roscius; excelled in the role of old man.
  460. ^ William Parsons (f. 1785–1807), poet; was one of the knot of fantastic coxcombs who wrote verse for the World; published several volumes of bad poetry.
  461. ^ Sir William Parsons (1746?-1817), professor of music; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1790; master of the king's band, 1786; knighted, 1796.
  462. ^ William Parsons, third Earl of Rosse (1800-1867), astronomer; son of Sir Lawrence Parsons, second earl of Rouse: of Trinity College, Dublin, and Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1822; M.P., King's County, 1823-34; commenced experiments for improving the reflecting telescope, 1827; began to make observations with his great telescope (1846) erected at Parsons town in King's County; discovered spiral nebulae and detected a complex annular structure in many of the planetary kind; elected to the House of Lords, 1845. scientific writer: wrote and edited popular manuals and lectures on scientific subjects.
  463. ^ Charles Frederick Partington (d. 1867?), royal engineers ; eldest sou of Sir Charles W.lliam Pasley  ; colonial engineer for "Victoria, 1853; nominated to a seat in the legislative council of the colony of Victoria, 1864; helped to suppress the serious disturbances that
  464. ^ John Partridge (fl. 1566–1573), translator and broke out in the goldflelds of Ballarat, 1854; took office ;t; translated into English verse several well-known i n the ministry as commissioner of public work?, Victoria having become a self-governing colony, 1866; served In New Zealand against the Maoris, 1860; director of engineering works and architecture to the admiralty, 1873-82; C.B., 1880; retired as major-general, 1881.
  465. ^ John Partridge (1644–1715), astrologer and almanac-maker; originally a shoemaker; began to publish astrological calendars, 1678, his almanac,Merlinus Liberatus first appearing in 1680: an almanac predicting his death, and a pamphlet and epitaph chronicling the fulfilment of the prophecy issued by Swift under the name of Isaac Bickerstaff, 1708: spent the rest of his days attempting, without much success, to demonstrate that he was still alive.
  466. ^ John Partridge (1790–1872), portrait-painter; settled in London, 1827; became, under the patronage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, a fashionable portraitpainter,
  467. ^ Joseph Partridge (1724–1796), author ; master of the free grammar school at Acton, Cheshire; published miscellaneous works.
  468. ^ Sir Miles Partridge (d. 1552), courtier; a follower of Somerset; fought at Pinkie, 1647; knighted, 1547; accused of plotting against Northumberland and hanged. general; served in Minorca, Malta, Naples, Sicily, Spain, 1 and Holland between 1799 and 1809; first captain, 1807; 1 F.R.8., 1816; introduced (1811), while in command of the Plymouth company of military artificers, a course of instruction for non-commissioned officers in military engineering, which developed in 1812 into the formation of the establishment for field instruction at Chatham: director, 1812-41; organised, during his tenure of office, improved systems of telegraphing, sapping, mining, pontooning, and exploding gunpowder on land and in water: K.C.B., 1846; general, 1860; published treatises on subjects connected with military engineering,
  469. ^ Peter Partridge, Partriche, or Pertrich (d. 1451), chancellor of Lincoln Catbedral.
  470. ^ Richard Partridge (1806–1873), brother of John Partridge (1790-1871); F.RS., l College of 1K37; held all the chief posts at the Royal Surgeons; surgeon at King's College Hospital, London, 184U-70.
  471. ^ Seth Partridge (1603–1688), mathematical writer; wrote a couple of practical works to assist sur
  472. ^ John Parvus (d. 1180). See John of Salisbury..
  473. ^ William Parys (d. 1609), author; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1589; master of St. Clare's grammar school, Southwark, 1596-1609; probably the W. P. who wrote or translated between 1580 and 1596.
  474. ^ John Paschal (d. 1361), bishop of Llandaff; D.D. Cambridge, 1333; bishop of Llandaff, 1347-1; wrote several homilies (a copy in the British Museum).
  475. ^ John Pasco (1774-1863), rear-admiral; was Nelson's signal officer at Trafalgar, and made the famous signal (England expects &c.) before the battle, 1805; promoted to flag rank, 1847.
  476. ^ Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe (1813–189S) entomologist; M.R.C.S., 1835; formed a great collection, now in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, !RT (fl. 15M),
  477. ^ Robert Pasfield or Pashfield; servant of John Bruen; had a leathern girdle, which, being marked into portions for the several books of the bible, with points and knots for the smaller divisions, served him as a memoria technica.
  478. ^ William Pashe or Pasche (fl. 1500?), musical composer; manuscript compositions by him at Cambridge,
  479. ^ Robert Pashley (1805–1859), barrister and traveller; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1880; M.A., 1832; barrister, 1837; published Travels in Crete * (1837), having toured in Asia Minor, Crete, and Greece, 1833.
  480. ^ Thomas Paske (d. 1662), royalist divine; fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1603-12; master, 1621; B.A., 1606; D.D., 1621; deprived by parliament of the mastership of Clare Hall, Cambridge, the archdeaconry of London, and other preferments, some of which (including the mastership) he recovered at the Restoration.
  481. ^ Charles Pasley (1824–1890), major-general,
  482. ^ Sir Charles William Pasley (1780–1861), poet romances. English
  483. ^ Sir Thomas Pasley , first baronet (1734–1808), admiral; saw much service in North America and the West Indies; bore a distinguished part in the battle of 1 June 1794; created baronet, 1794; admiral, 1801.
  484. ^ Sir Thomas Sabine Pasley, second baronet (1804-1884), admiral: run.lson of Sir Thomas Pasley, hom he succeeded by special nro1*56; vic*-adminU, 186!:. adnnrul, 442 J I960; K.O.B., 1878.
  485. ^ Matthias Pasor (1599–1658), mathematician, dsTnnd theologian; born In Nassau; M.A. Heidel1617 professor of philosophy there, 1619, and proof matfceuSca, 1620; settled at Oxford, 1624; iuJrmtrtlLA.: reader of Arabic, Chaldee, and Syriac, , rmtrtlLA.: reader of Arabic, Chaldee, and Syriac, Oxford. 1686- removed (1689) to Groningen, where he Md Jwo profeaSS: died It Qronlngen.
  486. ^ Simon Pass (Van de Pas or Passe, Passaeus) (1596?–1647), engraver; son of Crispin van de Pas, a famous engraver of Utrecht; practised in England, but ( 1682) removed to Copenhagen.
  487. ^ William Pass (1598?-1637?), engraver; brother of Simon Pass; settled in London,
  488. ^ Edmund de Passelewe or Passele (d. 1327), baron of the exchequer: a justice of assize from 1309; baron of the exchequer, 1323.,
  489. ^ Robert Passelewe or Passeleu (d. 1252), deputy-treasurer; a clerk of Falkes de Breaute; became a favourite of Henry III and deputy-treasurer, 1232; was dismissed, 1234, but made his peace, 1235; elected bishop of Chichester, 1244, but rejected by Boniface of Savoy, who declared the election void.
  490. ^ Simon Passelewe ( ft. 1237–1269), baron of the exchequer; probably brother of Robert Passelewe; employed by Henry III to raise money, nominally by way of loans, 1258; envoy in France, 1263, 1265, and 1268; baron of the exchequer, 1267-8.
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