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Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 47

< Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 47 running from name Puckle to name Reidfurd.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 47 Puckle - Reidfurd. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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  1. ^ James Puckle (1667?–1724), author of 'The Club'; notary public; remembered as the author of The Club, or a Dialogue between Father and Son, in vino veritas 1711 (latest reprint, 1890), a collection of character sketches of the class which Earle brought to perfection in his * Micro-Cosmographie
  2. ^ Hugh de Pudsey (1125?–1195). See Puiset.
  3. ^ Ellis Pugh (1656–1721), Welsh quaker; emigrated to Pennsylvania, 1686, and published Annerch i'r Cymry (1721), probably the first Welsh book printed in America.
  4. ^ Herbert Pugh (fl. 1758–1788), landscape-painter; exhibited at the Society of Artists, 1766-76.
  5. ^ Philip Pugh (1679–1760), dissenting minister; for many years pastor at Cilgwyn.
  6. ^ Robert Pugh (1609–1679), Roman catholic controversialist; educated at the Jesuits college at St. Omer under the name of Robert Phillips; served in the army of Charles I, and engaged in frequent controversy; committed to Newgate, 1678, during the popish plot panic; died in prison.
  7. ^ William Owen Pughe, known in early life as Owen William (1769–1835), Welsh antiquary and lexicographer; was occupied for twenty years (1783-1803) in preparing and publishing a Welsh-English dictionary abridged, 1806; new editions, 1832 and 1857), which is still the most complete in existence: F.S.A., 1793; given the Oxford D.O.L., 1822: published (1801-3) the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales (reprinted, 1870); assumed the surname of Pughe, 1806; published a Welsh version of Paradise Lost 1819.
  8. ^ Augustus Charles Pugin (1762–1832), architect, archaeologist, and architectural artist; born in France; came to London, c. 1798; employed by John Nash in making drawings of Gothic buildings; had little practice, but became famous as an educator of young architects, particularly his own son; paved the way for the real revival of Gothic architecture which followed the Strawberry-Hill enthusiasm.
  9. ^ Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–1852), architect, ecclesiologist, and writer; son of Augustus Charles Pugin; educated at Christ's Hospital, London, and trained by his father; inherited a remarkable facility in draughtsmanship; obtained a regular practice, partly through the patronage of the Earl of Shrewsbury; published his Gothic Furniture 1835, and Contrasts 1836, the latter an attack on the Pagan method of architecture; employed (1836-43) by (Sir) Charles Barry in providing the detail drawings for the houses of parliament; published True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture 1841. after which his ecclesiastical practice became very extensive; lost his reason from excess of work, 1851, and, after confinement in Bedlam, died at Ramsgate. His reputation lies chiefly in his chronological position as a Gothic architect.
  10. ^ Edward Welby Pugin (1834–1875), architect; son of Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin: found himself with the control of a large practice at the age of seventeen, owing to his father's failing health; practised for fourteen years, a very large number of works, chiefly Roman catholic churches, being entrusted to him.
  11. ^ Hugh de Puiset or Pudsey (1125?–1195), bishop of Durham and earl of Northumberland; probably came to England under the protection of his uncle, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester; became treasurer of York, 1143, and (1153) was chosen bishop of Durham: excommunicated by Pope Alexander III for attending the coronation of Henry IT's son, 1170; contrived on the whole to keep aloof from the quarrel between Henry II and Thomas Becket; took a somewhat prominent part in public affairs during the latter part of Henry II's reign, and on the accession of Richard I purchased theenrldpm of Northumberland: made justiHar as colleague of William de Mandarine, third earl of Essex, 1189; his jurisdiction confined to north of the Hnmber after the chief justiciarship had been bestowed on William of Longchamp, 1190; arrested by Longchamp and compelled to acknowledge his authority; after Longrhamp's deposition resisted the authority of Geoffrey (. 1212) , ar.-hbishop of York, but (1 192) was compelled to make bis submission; fell under Richard I's displeasure, 1194, and was compelled to surrender his earldom: still engaged in the endeavour to obtain its restoration at his death. Although not himself a man of learning, he was a munificent patron of learning in others.
  12. ^ Pulcherius (d. 655). See Mochaemog.
  13. ^ Hamlet Puleston or Puliston (1632-1662), political writer; nephew of John Puleston q. v.; M A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1863; fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; published a royalist treatise, Monarchiae Britannica singularis Protectio 1660.
  14. ^ John Puleston (d. 1659), judge; reader, Middle Temple, 1634; appointed by parliament a judge of common pleas, 1649; his patent not renewed in 1663.
  15. ^ John Pullain, Pullayne, or Pulleyne (1517-1565), divine and poet; M.A. New College, Oxford, 1644; senior student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1547; B.D., 1553; became rector of St Peter's, Cornhill, London, 1663, but was deprived on Queen Mary'a accession: went to Geneva, but regained his rectory on Queen Elizabeth's accession holding it till 1560; arcbdeacon of Colchester, 1559: prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1561; author of metrical renderings of the 148th and 149th psalms.
  16. ^ Richard Popplewell Pullan (1826–1888), architect and arolueologlst: became an early convert to mediiBvalism, and was employed by (Sir) Charles Thomas Newton and by the Society of Dilettanti in making excavations at Halicarnassus, Cnidus,, and other places, from works of William 1867; completed all the unfinished works of William Burges.
  17. ^ Josiah Pullen (1631–1714), vice-principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; M.A. Oxford, 1667; vice-principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1667-1714; long remembered for his eccentricities.
  18. ^ Robert Pullen (d. 1147?), philosopher, theologian, and cardinal; studied at Oxford, and is the second master known to have taught in the schools there; subsequently taught at Paris; archdeacon of Rochester, 1134 and 1143; in his later years settled at Rome, where he was probably created a cardinal by Pope Coelestine II; chancellor of the holy Roman church, 1145 and 1146; an upholder of the orthodox conservative cause against the Abelardian influence. His Sermones are preserved in manuscript at Lambeth.
  19. ^ Samuel Pullen, Pullein, or Pulleyne (1598-1667), archbishop of Tuam; M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1623; accompanied Ormonde to Ireland as private chaplain, 1632, and soon obtained preferment; escaped to England on the outbreak of rebellion in 1041; archbishop of Tuam, 1661-7.
  20. ^ Samuel Pullen or Pullein (fl. 1734–1760), writer on the silkworm: probably a grandson of Tobias Pullen; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1738; interested himself in introducing the cultivation of silk into the American colonies, and published several treatises on the subject.
  21. ^ Tobias Pullen (1648–1713), successively bishop of Cloyne and of Dromore: probably a nephew of Samuel Pullen (1598-1667); D.D. Trinity College, Dublin, 1668: fellow, 1671-7; created bishop of Cloyne, 1694, and translated to Dromore, 1695; published one or two sermons and pamphlets.
  22. ^ William John Samuel Pullen (1813–1887), vice-admiral: lieutenant. 1846; engaged in Arctic exploration; vice-admiral, 1879.
  23. ^ Sir Christopher Puller (1774–1824), barrister-at-law; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: B.A., 1796: fellow of Queen's College, Oxford: barrister, Inner Temple, 1800: bencher, Lincoln's Inn, 1822: became chief-justice of Bengal, 1823; knighted, 1823.
  24. ^ Timothy Puller (1638?–1693), divine: M.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1660 (incorporated at Oxfonl, 1661); D.D., 1678; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1657; student of Gray's Inn, 1658: author ofThe Moderation of the Church of England 1679 (reprinted, 1843).
  25. ^ Alexander Pulling (1813–1895), serjeant-at-law and legal author: educated at Merchant Taylors School, London; barrister. Inner Temple, 1843: one of the last surviving members of the Ancient Order of Serjeants-at-Law; published The Order of the Coif (1884) and other works.
  26. ^ George Philip Rigney Pulman (181-1880), antiquary; published The Book of the Axe (1841) and other works on local topography and antiquities.
  27. ^ Daniel Pulteney (d. 1721), politician; of Christ Church, Oxford: M.P., Tregony, March 1721. Hedon, November 17*1, Proton, 17*3-11: became a lord of the admiralty under Walpole, 1721; hated Walpole. and was a follower of Sunderland, Having married the sister of Sunderland's third wife.
  28. '^ Sir James Murray Pulteney seventh baronet (1751?-1811). See Murray.
  29. ^ John de Pulteney or Poulteney (d. 1349), mayor of London; a member of the Drapers Company; served as mayor, 1331, 1332, 1334, and 1337: acquired great wealth, and frequently advanced money to Edward III. The parish of St. Lawrence Pountney owes its name to to his connection with it.
  30. ^ Richard Pulteney (1730-1801), botanist: was from 1760 a constant contributor to theGentleman Magaxine chiefly on botanical topics: M.D. Edinburgh. 1764: physician to his kinsman. Sir William Pulteney, earl of Bath, 1764: published botanical works.
  31. ^ Sir William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (1684-1764), statesman: educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford: Inherited a considerable property, and entered parliament (M.P., Hedon, 170*-34) as a whig; became secretary at war, 1714, and was one of the three grand allies the other two being Stanhope and Walpole; concurred with Walpole in resigning office, 1717, but in 1721, when Walpole became first lord of the treasury, was mortified at not being offered office; gradually became alienated from Walpole, and in 1726 openly broke with him: joined Holingbroke in a journalistic war upon Walpole, and became a mainstay ofThe Craftsman under the signatureO joined Sir William Wy IK! ham in forming a new party of malcontent whigM calledthe patriots of which the two originators were designated the consuls with the object of attacking the Hanoverian policy of the government: hoped much from George II, whose friend he bad been when Prince of Wales, but on the death of George I was disappointed in his hope of superseding Walpole, and began to intrigue actively against him; his name struck off the list of privy councillors, 1731; was an important agent in the overthrow of Walpole's scheme of excise, 1733: M.P., Middlesex, 1734-42; did not support Frederick, prince of Wales, in his extreme opposition to George II, considering bis proceedings too rash to be defensible; vigorously fanned the agitation against Spain (1739), which led to the downfall of Walpole's government; was requested to form a government, 1742, but refused office, merely stipulating that be should be a member of Wilmington's cabinet; created Karl of Bath. 1742; disappointed in his hope of becoming firxt lord of the treasury on the death of Wilmington, 1743; attempted to overthrow Pelliam, 1746, when at the instance of George II be agreed to form an administration from which Pitt should be excluded: failed to accomplish his task, and from that time played no part of consequence in public affairs; buried in Westminster Abbey. He is chiefly to be remembered for his power as an orator, which made Walpole say that he feared Pulteney's tongue more than another man's sword.
  32. ^ Andrew Pulton or Poulton (1654-1710), Jesuit; probably great-nephew of Ferdinando Pulton; entered the Society of Jesus, 1674; became jointmaster of the new Jesuit college in the Savoy, Strand, 1 London, 1687; gained a wide reputation by his conference with Tliomas Tenison, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury; imprisoned at the revolution. Mibsequently retiring to Liege and afterwards to St. Germain; aocom . panied James II to Ireland, 1690; author of controversial works.
  33. ^ Ferdinando Pulton (1536-1618), legal author ; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge: BJU IfM; member of Lincoln's Inn, 1659, but being a Roman catholic wax never called to the bar; the first private person to edit the statutes.
  34. ^ William Morley Punshon (1H24-1881). Wesleyan preacher and lecturer; educated as a Umber  ; joined the methodist society at Hull, 1838; ordained a WMtapan nuui*t*r, 1846; lived in London, 185s1864- laboured in Canada, 1867-72, and thereafter resumed bis residence in London; published several works bpnAvH
  35. ^ Viscount Purbeck (1591?–1657). See John Villiers.
  36. ^ Purbeck, titular Viscounts. See DANVERS, Robert 1691?-1674 ; VitUKRS, JOHN, 1677?-1723.
  37. ^ Daniel Purcell (1660?–1717), musical composer : brother of Henry Purcell; organist of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1688-96; subsequently resided in London, wbenTfrom 1713. he was organist of St. Andrew's, Hoiborn; copied the style of his brother, displaying no
  38. ^ Henry Purcell (1658?–1695), composer; appointed a chorister of the Chapel Royal, London, 1664, where in 1678 he became a pupil of Pel ham Humfrey ; began to write music for th stage when young, the most important of hi* early productions being the masque in Shad well'sTimonof Athens produced, 1680,Dido pH Bn in some respects ie most remarkable achievement: became organist at Westminster Abbey, 1680, and (1689) was also nominated organist of the Chapel Royal, London: buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey. He was a master of technical ingenuity, and gifted with a high power of expression, which finds its supreme utterance in the death song of Dido in his first opera. He anticipated Handel in the use of broad choral effect, while he rivalled him in the melodic beauty of his airs. Only a few of his compositions were published during his lifetime. HisSonatas for III Partsappeared in 1683, and in 1696 and 1702 two books ofCollectionswere published. His sacred music was edited iu four volumes by Vincent Novello (1829-33), and other of his works issued by the Musical Antiquarian Society. In 1878 the Purcell Society commenced a complete edition of his works.
  39. ^ John Purcell (1674?-1730), physician: M.D. Montpellier, 1699: L.R.C.P., 1721: author of A Treatise of Vapours 1702, and A Treatise of the Cholick 1714.
  40. ^ Richard Purcell (fl. 1750–1766), engraver; worked for Sayer, a London print-seller, who employed him in copying popular prints and in executing portraits and caricatures.
  41. ^ John Purchas (1823–1872), divine and author: M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1847; became perpetual curate of St. James's College, Brighton, 1866; prosecuted before the court of arches and the privy council for ritualistic practices, 1870; was suspended by the privy council, 1872, but took no notice of the order, and continued his services at St. James's Chapel until his death.
  42. ^ Samuel Purchas (1575?–1626), author of the Pilgrimes; graduate of St John's College, Cambridge; rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, London, 1614-26; chiefly known by his work, Hakluytus Poethumua, or Purchas his Pilgrimes 1626, a record of travel (never reprinted); published also Purchas his Pilgrimage 1613, and Purchas his Pilgrim 1619.
  43. ^ Edward Purdon (1729–1767), bookseller's hack; of Trinity College, Dublin: remembered by Goldsmith's epitaph on him for the Wednesday Club.
  44. ^ John Purdy (1773–1843), hydrographer; became hydrograpber to the London firm, Laurie & Whittle, 1812; published a number of important works, most of which were edited and improved after his death by Alexander George Findlay.
  45. ^ William Purefoy (1580?–1669), regicide; entered parliament in 1627-8 (M.P., Coventry), and sat In the Long parliament (M.P., Warwick); held a command in the parliamentary army, and (1648) wai a member of the court which tried Charles I, signing the death-warrant; commanded the forces in Warwickshire, 1659, during Booth's insurrection.
  46. ^ Robert Purefoy (d. 1667). See Warton
  47. ^ Robert Purnell (d. 1666), baptist elder and a chief founder of the first baptist church at Bristol, 1653.
  48. ^ Thomas Purnell (1834–1889), author; of Trinity College, Dublin; was well known in literary society in London; edited Lamb's Correspondence and Works, 1871.
  49. ^ Robert Pursglove , otherwise Silvester (1500?-1579), bishop suffragan of Hull; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford; was the last prior of the Augustinian priory, Guisborough; consecrated bishop of Hull, 1538, and installed archdeacon of Nottingham, 1550; deprived of his offices for refusing the oath of supremacy, 1559.
  50. ^ William Purton (1784–1825), stenographer; invented a system of shorthand, long known as Richardson's or Counsell's system.
  51. ^ Anthony Purver (1702–1777), translator of the bible; became a quaker before the age of thirty; his New and Literal Translation known as the Quakers Bible published by John Fothergill, 1764.
  52. ^ James Purves (1734–1795), Scottish sectary; joined (1765) the Fellowship Societies founded by James Fraser (1639-1699); became pastor of a society at Edinburgh, 1776; published theological works of a high Arian character.
  53. ^ John Purvey (1353?–1428?), reviser of the Wycliffite translation of the bible; was intimately associated with Wycliffe at Lutterworth, where he commenced to render Wycliffe's verbatim translation of the Vulgate into vernacular idiom, completing his work at Bristol, c. 1388; imprisoned for heresy, 1390; recanted, 1401; imprisoned by Archbishop Chicheley, 1421.
  54. ^ Daniel Puseley (1814–1882), author; published, under the pseudonym of Frank Foster numerous works, including The Rise and Progress of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand 1857.
  55. ^ Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800–1882), regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford and canon of Christ Church; was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1825; elected, 1822, a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, where he was brought into contact and intimacy with his brother-fellows, Keble and Newman: on the ad vice of Charles Lloyd (1784-1829) studied oriental languages and biblical criticism at Gbttiugeu, Berlin, and Bonn, 1825-7; appointed regius professor o f Hebrew, Oxford, 1828; with his assistant lectured nine times a week, and (1832) joined with his brother Philip and Edward Ellertou in founding the Pusey and Ellerton scholarships; became alarmed by the spread of rationalism in the church of England, and came to the conclusion that it could only be checked by the conviction in the minds of her defenders of her divine institution: began to work with Newman and Keble on Tracts for the Times 1833, and was mainly instrumental in bringing about their alteration from stirring appeals to solid doctrinal treatises; produced Tracts on baptism, 1835, and Tracts on the holy eucharist, 1836; when called upon to make some form of declaration which would clearly show his loyalty to the English church (1839), published his Letter to the Bishop of Oxford in which he distinguished between Anglican and Roman doctrine, and also separated himself from ultra protestautinterpretations of the Thirty-nine Articles; identified himself with Newman when the heads of houses condemned Newman's explanation of the articles in Tract No. XC. 1841, and from that time became the leader of the Oxford movement; suspended from the office of university preacher on a charge of heresy, 1843; resumed his preaching in 1846, and reiterated the teaching for which he believed he had been condemned; commenced the establishment of Anglican sisterhoods, 1845; was unceasing in his efforts to hinder secession to the Roman church among those who sympathised with his views; on the occasion of Archdeacon Denison's trial for heresy (1856) published his learned Doctrine of the Real Presence in support of the high Anglican view; engaged in later life in conflict with the latitudinarian tendency in Oxford and elsewhere; opposed the reform of the university in 1854, on the ground that it tended to substitute intellectual for moral and religious training, and in 1862 charged Benjamin Jowett, regius professor of Greek, before the vice-chancellor's court, with teaching opinions which were not in accordance with the doctrine of the church of England; desisted from his opposition to the increased OM.lowiu.-nt of t !,.-(; rook A not to hear the case. to bring abool the union of the English and Knuum.-hiiroae* from 18*6, but saw tin-in annihilated by the decision* of the Vatican eoun.-il in 1H7U; entertained further project* of union with the Wesleyans and the Eastern ohun-h, wh equally inuffivtual; died at Ascot Priory, Birmingham. He consistently maintained that t: church of England were contained in the writing* of the Lit:: n.:.!...::.,,:.!,. tnry, and thai their tignifloanoe had afterwards bean obscured. Pusev Home at Oxford, an institati to carry on his work, inherited hU library,
  56. ^ Philip Pusey (1799–1865), agriculturist; brother of Edward Bouverie Pusey q. v.; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; inherited the family estate, 1888; M.P., Chippenham, 1830, Oasbel, 1881, Berkshire, 1836-48: at first a conservative and protectionist, but after 1847 a free-trader: espoused the cause of the agricultural tenant, 1847, and sjsjieji Tniirrifl to procure him compensation for unexhausted improvements; many of his views embodied in the Agricultural Holdings Bill (passed, 1875); took n prominent part in the formation of the Royal Agriculi-ty of England (1840), and (1851) was chairman of the agricultural implement department of the Great Exhibition; published articles and pamphlets on agriculture,
  57. ^ Putta (d. 688), first bishop of Hereford; consecrated by Theodore, bishop of Rochester, 669; was subsequently sheltered by Sexulf, bishop of the Mercians and resided in the district of the Heeanas (afterwards Herefordshire), whence he is reckoned first bishop of Hereford.
  58. ^ George Puttenham (d. 1590), author; was the son of Robert Puttenham, a country gentleman; author of a manuscript prose Apologie for Queen Elizabeth's treatment of Mary Queen of Scots. To him has also been assigned The Arte of English Poesie which was more probably by his elder brother, Richard Puttenham.
  59. ^ Richard Puttenham (1520?–1601?), repnted author of The Arte of English Poesie; elder brother of George Puttenham; convicted of rape, 1561; was pardoned, but remained on the continent till 1570; afterwards resided in England. Edmund Bolton, in his 4 Hypercritica asserted that the Arte of Poesie * was the work ofone of the queen gentlemen pensioners nanu-d Puttenham and internal evidence tends to show that the work, which is of an elaborate character, was by one of the sons of Robert Putteuliam. The author was a man who had travelled extensively, and he also wrote a series of poems, entitled Partheniadea which are still preserved in the Cotton. MSS.
  60. ^ James Pycroft (1813–1895), author, younger brother of Sir Thomas Pycroft: B.A. Trinity Col live. Oxford, 1836; student, Lincoln's Inn, 1836: well known as a cricketer: member of the Lausdown Club; wrote largely, especially on cricket, and published Oxford Memoirs 1886.
  61. ^ Sir Thomas Pycroft (1807–1892), Madras civil servant: of Trinity College, Oxford: hon. M.A., 1829; entered East India Company's service, 1829: became revenue secretary to government, i860; K.C.S.I., 1866; retired, 1867. He was the first appointed to the Indian civil service by competitive examination.
  62. ^ Charles Pye (1777–1864), engraver: pupil of James Heath (1757-1834); chiefly employed on small book illustrations.
  63. ^ Henry James Pye (1746–1813), poetaster and poet-laureate; a descendant of Sir Robert Pye: of Magdalen College, Oxford: created M.A., 1766, and D.C.L., 1772; was a country gentleman of Berkshire; published Poems on various Subjects 1787, and translated the Poetics of Aristotle, 1788; became poet-laureate, 1790, and wrote irreproachably patriotic and ludicrously tame official poetry: published Alfred, an epic poem, 1801; was the constant butt of contemporary ridicule.
  64. ^ John Pye (fl. 1758–1774), engraver; pupil of Thomas Major; engraved in the line manner some admirable landscape plates.
  65. ^ John Pye (1782-1874), landscape engraver; younger brother of Charles Pye; (1767-1834); the favourite engraver of J. M. W. Turner, after whom be engraved a plate, in which for the first time the effects of honours from foreign countries, but was with the Royal Academy on account of the refusal of t:.,t b*dj to lisjftcBpsjfBji to!..;; pfttfjaj -.
  66. ^ Sir Robert Pye (d. 1701), parliamentarian; nephew of Sir Walter Pye q. v.; a colonel of horse under Essex and Fairfax; M.P. Berkshire, 1654 and 1658; took little part in politics after the Restoration; joined William of Orange on his march to London, 1688.
  67. ^ Thomas Pye (1560–1610), divine: of Balliol and Merton Colleges, Oxford; D.D. in 1588; chaplain of Merton College, Oxford, 1581-6; canon of Colchester. 1586-1610; published miscellaneous works.
  68. ^ Sir Thomas Pye (1713?–1786), admiral; grandson of Sir Robert Pye; entered the navy, 1717; promoted captain, 1744; rear-admiral, 1758; vice-admiral, 1761; knighted, 1773; admiral, 1773. He was a man of slender ability, thrust into office by the Bathurst interest.
  69. ^ Sir Walter Pye (1571–1636, lawyer; of St. John's College, Oxford; barrister, Middle Temple; was a favourite of Buckingham, who procured his nomination as attorney of the court of wards and liveries, 1611; knighted, 1630.
  70. ^ Oliver Pygg (fl. 1566–1591). See Pigg.
  71. ^ John Pyke (fl. 1322?). See Pike.
  72. ^ Thomas Pyle (1674–1756), divine and author : M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1699; a strong whig; took part in the Bangorian controversy and gained Hoadly's friendship; prebendary of Salisbury, 1716, but considered too heterodox for further preferment, bis opinions being almost openly Unitarian.
  73. ^ John Pym (1584–1643), parliamentary statesman: eldest son of Alexander Pym of Brymore, near Bridgwater, Somerset; educated at Broadgatea Hall (Pembroke College), Oxfonl, and (1602) entered as a student at the Middle Temple: M.P.. Calne, 1614, 1611, and 1624; first became a leading speaker after the summer of 1611; M.P., Tavistock, 1625, 1626, and 1618; one of the managers of Buckingham's impeachment, May 1626; supported the Petition of Right, 1628, and took part in the final attack on Buckingham; opposed the imposition of tonnage and poundage, 1629, but took no part in the disturbance which marked the end of the session, and was not therefore among those subsequently imprisoned by Charles I: M.I, Tavistock, in the Short parliament, 1640; spoke at length in the Short parliament on the grievances of the nation, and resisted the grant of supplies; drew op a petition after the dissolution and Charles I's ill-success against the Soots, requiring a parliament and demanding the trial of the advisers of Charles I's late measures; M.I, TavUtock, in the Long parliament, 1640: assumed the lead In the attack on government, and (11 Nov. 1640) was empowered to carry up an Immediate impeachment of Stratford; moved the impeachment of Laud, 16 Dec. 1640; his influence regarded with peculiar apprehension by the royal party; was offered the post of chancellor of the exchequer by Charles I's queen, who hoped to win him over to the royalist side; refused the offer: declared himself desirous of reforming rather than abolishing episcopacy and the Book of Common Prayer, 1641: opposed to the abandonment of the impeachment of StratTonl in favour of an attainder, but dreading armed intervention decided Stratford's fate by revealing to parliament hi- knowledge of a design to bring the army up to Westminster: supported the Root and Branch Bill, 1641, abandoning his former preference for a modified episcopacy; after the outbreak of tbe Ulster insurrection took a leading part in preparing tbe Grand Remonstrance, 1641; credited with the intention of impeaching Queen Henrietta Maria by Charles I, who thereupon directed his impeachment with four others, Hampden, Holies, Hesllrige, and Strode (the five members X and on 4 Jan. 1642 came to the Commons with an armed force to arrest them, only to find that they bad fled: escorted back to Westminster in triumph with the other four members by the citizens of London, 11 Jan. 1642; member of committee of safety, July 1642; led parliament in its on the outbreak of war, of the power of taxai and (March 1648) proposed an excise, a form of it hitherto unknown In England; persuaded parliato Uke the covenant as the price of the Scottish 0 1648 buried at Westminster Abbey, whence his body WM ejected after the Restoration.
  74. ^ Sir Samuel Pym (1778–1865), admiral; brother of Sir William Pym; entered the navy, 1788; cornier, 1804; lost a small squadron off Mauritius and ue a prisoner of war, 1810, but was acquitted by -martial; rear-admiral, 1837; K.O.B., 1839; vice admiral, 1847; admiral, 1862.
  75. ^ Sir William Pym (1772–1881), military surgeon; of Edinburgh University; served as a medical officer in the West Indies between 1794 and 1796, obtaining great knowledge of yellow fever: became inspector-general of army hospitals, 1816; K.C.H.: first to describe accurately the character of yellow fever in his Observations upon Bulam Fever 1816.
  76. ^ Walter Pyncebeck (fl. 1327–1333), monk ; an inmate of Bury St. Edmund?, where he controlled the monastic vestiary in 1333.
  77. ^ William Pynchon (1690–1662), colonist and religious writer: probably educated at Cambridge; emigrated to Massachusetts, 1632, and (1636) founded Springfield; published in English a work controverting the Calvinist view of the atonement, 1650, and was driven to abandon the colony in consequence and return to England.
  78. ^ James Baker Pyne (1800–1870), landscape painter; exhibited almost entirely with the Society of Uritish Artists; much inliuencud by Turner's later style.
  79. ^ Valentine Pyne (1603–1677), master-gunner of England; served in the royal navy, in Charles I's army, and under Prince Rupert; master-gunner, IMG.
  80. ^ William Henry Pyne, known as Hardcastle (1769–1843), painter and author; first KChibited at the Royal Academy, 1790; began in 1803 to publish Microcosm, or a Picturesque Delineation of the Arts, Agriculture, and Manufactures of Great Britain," consisting of groups of small figures, cleverly drawu and coloured by hand, and followed it up by several similar works; abandoned art for literature in later life, writing collections of anecdotes and reminiscences under the pseudonym of Ephraim Hardcastle.
  81. ^ Nicholas Pynnar (fl. 1604–1624), surveyor; came to Ireland (c. 1600) as a captain of foot; appointed a surveyor in Ulster, 1618; his report printed in 1757 in Harris's l Hibernica
  82. ^ Richard Pynson (d. 1530), printer in London : a Norman by birth; succeeded William de Machlinia , c. 1490, as the chief printer of law books in London; appointed king's printer on the accession of Henry VIII; introduced Roman type into England, 1509.
  83. ^ William Pyper (1797–1861), Scots professor of humanity; of Marischal College, Aberdeen; professor of humanity, St. Andrews, 1844-61; LL.D. Aberdeen.
  84. ^ Thomas Pyus (1660–1610). See Pye.
  85. ^ Malachias Quaelly (d. 1646), archbishop of Tuam; educated at Paris (D.D.); consecrated archbishop, 1631; raised a body of fighting men on the rebellion, but in 1645 was surprised and slain by Sir Charles Coote.
  86. ^ Sir John Richard Quain (1816–1876), judge; half-brother of Jones Quain; of Gbttingeu and University College, London (fellow, 1843); LL.B. London, 1839; barrister, Middle Temple, 1851; Q.C., 1866; appointed a judge of the queen's bench, 1871; knighted, 1872.
  87. ^ Jones Quain (1796–1865), anatomist; M.D. Trinity (Jollege, Dublin, 1833; began to teach anatomy in London, 1826; professor of general anatomy at University College, London, 1831, resigning, 1836; his Elements of Descriptive and Practical Anatomy(1828) frequently edited and translated.
  88. ^ Richard Quain (1800–1887), surgeon ; brother of Jones Quain; professor of descriptive anatomy at toe University of London, 1832, holding office till 1860 F.R.S., 1844; president of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1868; published anatomical works.
  89. ^ Sir Richard Quain, first baronet (1816–1898), physician; M.D. London, 1842; fellow of University College, London, 1843; physician at Bromptou Hospital, 1H55, and consulting physician, 1875; F.R.C.P., 1861, vice-president, 1889; crown nominee on general medical council, 1863, and president, 1891; member and (1874) chairman of pharmacopoeia committee: F.R.S., 1871; physician extraordinary to Queen Victoria, 1890; created baronet of United Kingdom, 1891; editedDictionary of Medicine 1882.
  90. ^ Daniel Quare (1648–1724), clock-maker; pracaiige Alley and other part* of London; nub*ullion as a quaker; invented repeat fc ne clock for William III, which barometers; master of theClockmatore r f 1Uo.
  91. ^ Bernard Quaritch (1819-1899), bookseller; an Saxony: employerl by Henry George . in London 1842-4 and 1846-7; opened biisi*-nqjr as bookseller near Iiceater Square, r lL? D rten London, 1847: removed to 15 Piccadilly, 1860, and remained there for rest of his life; attended, personally or by deputy, every important book-auction in Europe and America; published from time to time catalogues of his stock, the last of which was General Catalogue of Old Books and Manuscripts 1887-8, index, 1892, 7 vols. Special catalogues were compiled for him by Mr. Michael Kerney, his literary adviser.
  92. ^ Charles Quarles (d. 1727), musician; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1678; organist at Trinity College, Cambridge, and from 1722 at York Minster.
  93. ^ Francis Quarles (1592–1644), poet; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1608; studied at Lincoln's Inn; became cup-bearer to the Princess Elizabeth in 1613 on her marriage to the elector palatine; returned to London before 1620; published, 1620, his Feast of Wormes a paraphrase of Jonah, which was followed by many similar efforts; became private secretary to Archbishop Ussher before 1629; published Argalus and Parthenia a poetic romance, 1629; retired before 1633 to Essex, where he assured his fame by publishing his Emblems in 1635, the work being quaintly illustrated by William Marshall (ft. 1630-1650); appointed chronologer to the city of London, 1639, and from that time mainly devoted himself to composing prose manuals of piety; wrote in defence of Charles I, in consequence of which his manuscripts were destroyed by parliamentary soldiers. His books were constantly reprinted for more than a century after his death. A complete collection of his Works was edited by Grosart in 1874 for the Ohertsey Worthies Library
  94. ^ John Quarles (1624–1665), poet; son of Francis Quarles; of Exeter College, Oxford: bore arms for Charles I at Oxford and banished: published, in Flanders, Fons Lachrymarum and, after his return, other works; died of the plague of 1666.
  95. ^ Dukes of Queensberry . See DOUGLAS, WILLiam first DUKK, 1637–1695 : DOUGLAS, JAMES, second Duo 1662–1711 ; DOUGLAS, CHARLES, third DUKK, 1698-1778; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, fourth DUKK, 1724-1810; SroTT, SIR HENRY, fifth DUKK, 1746-1812; SCOTT, WALTKR FRAXCIS, seventh DUKE, 1806-1884. ftUEENSBERRY. DUCHESS OF (d. 1777). DOUOLAB, CATHERINE. See
  96. ^ Marquises of Queensberry aUEENSBERRY, MAIU,J.-;SKM OK. See DOOOUM, WIM.IAM, first MARQUIS, 1637-1696; DoUGLAH, Siu Juii.s Siiui.ro, eighth M vni'in, 1841-1900.
  97. ^ Earls of Queensberry . Sec DOUOLA*. SIR Wll.MAM, tir-l KRL,. LMQj DOOOLAA, JAM!: Haul '. 1671; DOHJLAS, WIU.UM, tliinl Kuu., 1637 195.
  98. ^ Edwin John Quekett (1808-1847), microscopist; brother of William Quekett; wan appointed lecturer on botany at Ix}iulon Hospital, 1884; F.L.S., 1836; genOS QMAMMft IMBMd after him. In his house the Royal Microscopical Society originated in 1839.
  99. ^ John Thomas Quekett (1815-1861), histologist; brother of William Quekett: appointed assistant-conservator of the Hunterton Museum, 1843; made a valuable collection of microscopic preparations, which were purchased by the Royal College of Surgeons, 1846; constituted professor of histology, 1862, and conservator of the Hunterian Museum, 1866; published scientific works.
  100. ^ William Quekett (1802–1888), divine; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1825; distinguished for his social work while a curate in London. He was the subject of Dickens's article, What a London citrate can do if he tries inHousehold Words(16 Nov. 1860), and Emigration (ft. 24 Jan. 1882).
  101. ^ Nicholas Quemerford (1644?–1699). See Comberford.
  102. ^ Louise Renée de Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth and Aubigny Portsmouth (1649–1734). See Keroualle.
  103. ^ Charles le Quesne (1811–1856). See Le Quesne.
  104. ^ Peter Quesnel or Quesuel (d. 1299?), Franciscan; doctor of the canon law; warden of the Franciscan College at Norwich; wrote Directorium Juris in Foro Conscientiaa et Juridiciali of which several manuscripts are extant.
  105. ^ Henry Quick (1792–1857), the Cornish poet; wrote rugged verse on local and national events of note.
  106. ^ John Quick (1636–1706), nonconformist divine: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1657; ordained presbyter, 1669; ejected from Brixton for nonconformity, 1662, and was afterwards several times imprisoned; published religious treatises.
  107. ^ John Quick (1748–1831), actor : joined a theatrical company in his fourteenth year; went to Covent Garden, London, 1767: played at first mainly clowns, rustics, and comic servants; the original Tony Lumpkin, 1773: essayed Richard III to the laughter of the audience, 1790: retire! from Covent Garden, London, 1797, and henceforth only appearel intermittently.
  108. ^ Robert Hebert Quick (1831–1891), schoolmaster and educational writer; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1864; assistant-master of Harrow, 1870-4; appointed by the university to lecture at Cambridge on the history of education, 1881: published Essays on Educational Reformers 1868.
  109. ^ Dorothy Quillinan (1804–1847), authoress; daughter of William Wordsworth the poet: married to Edward Quillinau, 1841: published aJournalof a visit to Spain and Portugal, 1847.
  110. ^ Edward Quillinan (1791–1861), poet: entered a cavalry regiment, and in 1814 began seriously to publish verse; settled at Ambleside, near Wordsworth, 1821; most successful in his translation of five books of Camoens's Lusiads (published, 1853, by John Adumsoti (1787-1865) ).
  111. ^ Edward Quin (d. 1823), journalist: founded, in 1803, The Traveller which was merged (1823) in the Globe.
  112. ^ Edward Quin (1794–1828), cartographer; son of Edward Quin (. 1823); published An Historical Atlas (1840) with a Universal History from the Creation.
  113. ^ Sir Edwin Richard Windham Wyndham-Quin, third Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl, in the peerage of Ireland, and first Baron Kenry of the United Kingdom (1812-187l), B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, a in th.; Commons In toe coiuervaUve Intercut (M.P.. Glamorganshire) from 1837-61; succeeded hit father as an Irish earl, I860, and (1864) was created a baron of the United Kingdom; F.R.8.. 18S4: FJ3JL, 1836; i.;.).. ir !... ni..-1-t, mrittm mm MfcMl nl b rtei.. xlv.i
  114. ^ Frederic Hervey Foster Quin (1799-1878), the first homeopathic physician in England; M.D., Edinburgh. 1820; went to Rome, 1820, at physician to the Duchess of Devonshire and (18)1) oommfnred practice at Naples; converted to homoeopathy, 1816, and returned to England a* physician to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobuiv: began public practice in London, IKSJ.and WM drauurH as a iunck; founded the BritUh HonuBopathlo Society, ,1 the London Houuoopathic Hoopitol, i
  115. ^ James Quin (1621–1659), vocalist; sou of Walter Quiu q. v.l; of Westminster School and Chriht Church, Oxfonl: M.A., 1646; was ejected from Christ Church, Oxfonl, as a loyalist, but so charmed Cromwell with bis bass voice that he restored him: died innane.
  116. ^ James Quin (1693–1766), actor ; took to the stage in Dublin and appeared at Dniry Lane, London, In 1714 or 1715: first came into note, 1716, as Bajnret In Tamerlane acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, where he took leading parts In tragedy, 1717-32: subsequently appeared at Co vent Garden, London, and, 1734, returned to Drury Lane, London; reappeared at Covent Garden, 1742, and remained there till 1751; rival of Garrick atCoveut Garden, 1746 and 1747; lived, after his retirement (1761) in friendship with Garrick. Wai pole admired him more than Garrick, but Davies declares that he was unfitted for vigorous parts in tragedy.
  117. ^ Michael Joseph Quin (1796–1843), traveller and political writer: barrister, Lincoln's Inn; travelled much on the continent, and publishel a number of books of travel.
  118. ^ Walter Quin (1576?–1634?), poet and preceptor of Charles I: studied at Edinburgh University: wa* taken into the service of James VI as tutor to his sons, and migrated to England in 1603: published several poems and a life of Lord Bernard Stuart (1619).
  119. ^ Thomas De Quincey (1785–1869). See De Quincey.
  120. ^ John Quincy (d. 1722), medical writer : practised medicine as an apothecary and physician in London; M.D. Edinburgh for his Medicina Static* Britannica 1712: published a number of medical treatises.
  121. ^ Roger de Quincy, second Earl of Winchester (1195?-1265), son of Saer de Quincy, first earl of Winchester; succeeded to the title, 1235; married Helen, daughter of Alan, lord of Galloway; became constable of Scotland in right of bis wife; took part in the disputes between Henry III and his barons, and on several occasions acted on behalf of the barons.
  122. ^ Saer de Quincy, Quency, or Quenci, or Saher or Seer, first Earl of Winchester (d. 1219), while a comparatively poor knight married the daughter of Robert III, earl of Leicester, c. 1170, and (1204) succeeded In bis wife's right to half the lauds of Robert IV, earl of Leicester: created Earl of Winchester, 1207: took part in the baronsstruggle against King John, who particularly disliked him during the last few yearn of bis reign on account of his former intimacy with him: his lands confiscated by Kin* John, on which he Invited Louis, the dauphin of France, to take the crown; taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, 1217; died a crusader at Acre, immediately after his arrival.
  123. ^ James Wallace Quinton (1834–1891), chief commissioner of Assam; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin 1853; entered the Bengal civil service, 1856; served chiefly in the North- West Provinces and Oudh till 1883: became chief commissioner of Assam, 1889: treacberooslj asaafslnated at Manipur while on a political mission.
  124. ^ Peter de Quivil or Quivel (d. 1291), bishop of Exeter; consecrated, 1280: a liberal benefactor to Exeter Cathedral and its clergy. His most memorable work was the reconstruction of the two transept towers of BUhnp Warelwaafs Norman church,
  125. ^ Edward Raban (d. 1658), printer in Aberdeen: a native of England: started as a printer in Edinburgh. 16M, after erring as a *oklier In the Kflthflrtaads: settled at Aberdeen, where, between 162* and 1649, he i-~u.-i, lie productions, some interesting Scottish
  126. ^ Raby, third Baron (1672–1739). See Thomas Wentworth.
  127. ^ Edmund Rack (1736?–1787), misoellaneous writer; settled at Bath, 1775; established the Bath and West of England Agricultural Society, 1779: published religions, agricultural, and other treatises.
  128. ^ Thomas Rackett (1757–1841), antiquary; M.A. University College, Oxford, 178*); rector of Spetisbury in Dorset for more than sixty years.
  129. ^ Alexander Radcliffe (fl. 1669–1696), verse writer; admitted at Gray's Inn, 1669: became n captain in the army, 1696; published three ribald poems between 1673 and 168S.
  130. ^ Ann Radcliffe (1764–1823), novelist: only daughter of William Ward: married William Radcliffe, a law-student, at the age of twenty-three: her first novel published, 1789; producedA Sicilian Romance 179(1, and "The Romance of the Forest 1791: publishedThe Mysteries of Udolpho,* 1794, and The Italian a romance of the inquisition, usually regarded as her best work, 1797: wrote nothing subsequently: lived in retirement. She was the founder of a school of romance in which terror and curiosity are aroused by events apparently supernatural, but afterwards naturally explained.
  131. ^ Charles Radcliffe or Radclyffe, titular Earl of Derwentwater (1693–1746), Jacobite; brother of Sir James Radcliffe, third earl of Derwentwater; took part in the rising of 1716, and escaped from Newgate after capture: assumed the title, 1731: became secretary to Prince Charles Edward, and in 1746 was captured off Dogger Bank; condemned to death and beheaded.
  132. ^ Charles Bland Radcliffe (1822–1889), physician; M.D. London, 1861; became physician at Westminster Hospital in 1867: F.R.C.P., 1868; Gulstonian lecturer, 1860: Croonian lecturer, 1873; censor, 1876-6 one of the earliest investigators in this country of the electrical physiology of muscle and nerve,
  133. ^ Charles Edward Radcliffe or Radclyffe (1774-1827), lieutenant-colonel; served in the Peninsular war, 1809-14: fought at Waterloo, 1816; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1816.
  134. ^ Charlotte Maria Radcliffe or Radclyffe, Countess of Newburgh (d. 1766), granddaughter of Sir James Livingstone, first Earl of Newburvh : succeeded her father Charles Livingstone, second earl of Newburgh, as countess, mo jure, 1694 married o u? e !! l i vely to T* 10 * 8 Clifford (d. 1718) and to Charles Radcliffe, afterwards titular Earl of Derwentwater who after unsuccessfully urging his suit, induced her to marry him by entering her room through the chimney,
  135. ^ Egremont Radcliffe (d. 1578), rebel; son of Sir Henry Radcliffe, second earl of Sussex took part in the rebellion of 1669, and was imprisoned in the Tower of London between 1676 and 1578; went to Flanders, 1578,and was beheaded for plotting to poison Don John of Austria.
  136. ^ Sir George Radcliffe (1593-1657), politician; B.A. University College, Oxford, 1612; barrister, Orav's Inn 1818, bencher, 1632; M.P., 1628; a friend of Wentworth, whose private affairs he managed, and with whom " l to. 1. rela l ud "f t* months before him, 1633; tworths chief adviser in all legal and financial * hindered from bearing witness on Stratford's on bis Impeachment, bat contrived to aid him in . ng hU defence: joined Charles I at Oxford, 1643 I on the surrender of that city refused to take the Duke I of York out of England without Charles I's order, thonerh bidden to do so by Queen Henrietta Maria, and handnd him over to the Earl of Northumberland: joined the Duke ; of York and became his adviser, 1649.
  137. ^ Sir Henry Radcliffe, second Earl of Sussex (1506?-1557), eldest son of Sir Robert Radcliffe, first Earl of Sussex; K.B., 1533: declared for Queen Mary, 1553, and was made captain-general and a privy councillor.
  138. ^ Sir Henry Radcliffe, fourth Earl of Sussex (1530?-1593), son of Sir Henry Radcliffe, second earl of ! Sussex: M.P., Maiden, 1555: served in Ireland ; between 1556 and 1565; M.P., Carlingford (Irish parliament), 1559: M.P., Hampshire, 1571; succeeded his brother as earl, 1683: K.G., 1689.
  139. ^ Sir James Radcliffe or Radclyffe, baronet, third Earl of Derwentwater (1689-1716), was brought up at St. Germain as a companion to James Edward: returned to England, 1710, but aided the rebellion of 1715, and joined Thomas Forster at Green-rig in October; taken prisoner at Preston, attainted, and beheaded. On account of his youth and popular manner his death excited general compassion.
  140. ^ John Radcliffe or Ratcliffe, first Baron Fitzwalter (1452?–1496), became a baron in 1485 ; took part in Perkin Warbeck's conspiracy; attainted, 1495, and beheaded next year.
  141. ^ John Radcliffe (1650–1714), physician: B.A. University College, Oxford, 1669: fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1669-77; M.A., 1672: he began to practise as a physician at Oxford: removed to London, where he made twenty guineas a day, 1684; became physician to j the Princess Anne, 1686; offended Anne by styling her I distemper nothing but the vapours, and was "succeeded by William Gibbons, c. 1695: annoyed many great people by his extraordinary candour, and declined to visit Queen Anne on her deathbed; made a number of remarkable cures. The Radcliffe Infirmary and Observatory, Oxford, were built, and Bartholomew's Hospital, London, enlarged from funds bequeathed by him.
  142. ^ John Radcliffe (1690–1729), physician: M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1714; M.D., 1721; F.R.C.P., 1724; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London.
  143. ^ John Netten Radcliffe (1826–1884), epidemiologist; brother of Charles Bland Radcliffe; was attached to the headquarters of Omar Pasha as surgeon during the Crimean war. He became an expert on oriental diseases and all questions pertaining to the public health; made public health inspector, 1869.
  144. ^ Nicholas Radcliffe (fl. 1368–1396), opponent of Wycliffe; a monk of St. Albans; doctor of theology, Gloucester Hall, Oxford; was a prominent literary antagonist of Wycliffe, who stigmatised him and the Carmelite, Peter Stokes, as the black and white dogs.
  145. ^ Ralph Radcliffe (1519?–1559), schoolmaster and playwright; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and (probably) Jesus College, Cambridge; M.A. Cambridge, 1639: opened a school at Hitchin; wrote several miracle plays for his pupils to act.
  146. ^ Sir Richard Radcliffe or Ratcliffe (d. 1485), adviser of Richard III: knighted by Edward IV at Tewkesbury: executed Earl Rivers and others of the queen-dowager's party at Pontefract, 1483; loaded with honours and" grants by Richard III; K.G., 1484; killed at Bosworth.
  147. ^ Sir Robert Radcliffe or Ratcliffe, first Earl of Sussex, first Viscount Fitzwalter, and second Baron Fitzwalter (1483-1542), son of John Radcliffe, first baron Fitzwalter; obtained the reversal of his father's attainder in 1506: became a prominent courtier under Henry VIII: K.G., 1524; created viscount, 1525; privy councillor, 1526: created earl, 1529; appointed great chamberlain of England, 1640.
  148. ^ Robert Radcliffe, fifth Earl of Sussex (1569?-1629), only son of Sir 11:.ffe, url of Sussex; knighted at Cadiz, 1696; carl iiiiirshal in 1597 itn.l lf.nl,:u,.l sat in the commission to try Essex in 1601; a patron of men of Irtt
  149. ^ Sir Thomas Radcliffe, third Earl of Sussex (1526?-1583), eldest son of Sir Henry Radcliffe, necond earl of Sussex; educated at Cambridge: member of Gray's Inn, 1661; held a command at Pinkie Oleuffh, 1647: knight of the shire for Norfolk, 1663: rendered Queen Mary great service in uppreMiog Wyatt's rebel* lion: assisted in the marriage negotiations with Philip II, and in 1566 was appointed lord-deputy of Ireland: wan a vigorous administrator, carry ing hi-* arms through a large part of the country; returned to England on the news of Queen Mary's death, but was reappointed, July 1689, and reintroduced the spirituul supremacy of the crown and the Kngli-h liturgy: involved (1660-3) in a straggle with Shane O'Neill in Tyrone; failed to giibdae O'Neill, and early in 1664 was permitted to resign his office, tearing behind him a reputation for statesmanship which grew with succeeding years: employed to negotiate Queen Elizabeth's marriage with the Archduke Maximilian, 1667, and (1669) was created lord president of the north: dealt successfully with the rebellion of 1669, stowing more leniency than Queen Elizabeth approved, and (1670) pursued the rebels into Scotland; supported the project of a French match for HUM IJMlKh both in 1671 and 1678, and thus came into conflict with Leicester,
  150. ^ William Radcliffe (1760–1841), improver of cotton machinery: began business at Mel lor as a spinner and weaver, 1789: removed to Stockport, 1801: brought out (1804) thedressing-machineinvented by his employe, Thomas Johnson: reaped little pecuniary benefit from this and other sen-ices rendered to the trade; died in poverty.
  151. ^ Edward Radclyffe (1809–1863), engraver: son of William Radclyffe (1788-1866); worked for the Art Journal aud engraved charts for the admiralty.
  152. ^ William Radclyffe (1813–1846), portrait painter; son of William Hadclyffe (1783-1866); practised in London and Birmingham.
  153. ^ William Radclyffe (1783–1855), line-engraver; practised in Birmingham, where lie formed a school of engravers of great ability.
  154. ^ John Radford (1561–1630), Jesuit; educated at Douay: ordained priest, 1587; missioner in England, 1589-1630.
  155. ^ Thomas Radford (1793–1881), obstetrician; studied at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, London: elected surgeon to the Manchester and Salford Lying-in Hospital, 1818: M.D. Heidelberg, 1839: F.R.C.S., 1852; author of many papers on midwifery.
  156. ^ William Dk Radley (d. 1360). See Raleigh.
  157. ^ Earls of Radnor. See ROBARTKS, SIR JOHX, first EARL, 1606-1688: BOUVKKIF, WILLIAM PLKYDKLL-, third EARL of the second creation, 1779-1869.
  158. ^ Barons Radstock . See WALDBGRAVK, WILUAM, first BARON, 1753-1826: WALDKGRAVK, GKORUK GRANVILLE, second BARON, 1786-1867.
  159. ^ Alexander Rae (1782–1820), actor; appeared at Bath as Hamlet, 1806, and at the Haynmrket, London, as Octavian, 1806: first appeared at Drury Lane. London, 1812, remaining there till 1820: undertook (1830) the management of the Royalty Theatre, London, which speedily ruined him.
  160. ^ Sir David Rae, first baronet, Lord Eskgrove (1724?-1804), lord-justice clerk: studied law at Edinburgh University: became a lord of session, 1783, a lord of justiciary, 1786, and lord-justice clerk, 1799; one of those who tried Thomas Fyshe Palmer and other Scots charged with sedition: created baronet, 1804; was a judge of ability, though with many absurdities of de teaching of clinical surgery at Edinburgh on a firm and broad platform bj bU lectures at the Royal Infirmary.
  161. ^ John Rae (1813–1893), Arctic explorer; qualified as a surgeon at Kdinburyh, 18U: a surgeon in U employ of the Hudson's Bay Company; Joined the first land expedition In searc): ranklln, 1847, and in 1881 htoMOHH W UHMta mm k parta rhUhoMi MI v, i IN* 1-ivi: 8M. ftlA*M mtm PMMI fcMMM fate from the natives on the west coast of Boothia, and ototaiMd !.. mmammt mnai -. Mytmi !*; KB I* 1880: hon. LL.D. Edinburgh.
  162. ^ Peter Rae (1671–1748), mechanic and historian : iy:i Hockmaker; minister of Kirkoonuel, 1732-1748; published a History of the Rebellion of 1715 (1718).
  163. ^ Sir William Rae, third baronet (1769–1843), lord advocate: son of Sir David Rae, lord Eskgrove; studied at Edini.indi University: appointed lord advocate, 1819; M.I. An-truth.T buryh*. 1H19-26. Harwich, 1827, Buteshire, 1830 and 1833-42, I'ortarlington, 1881-3; intimate friend of Sir Walter Scott
  164. ^ Sir William Rae (1788–1873), naval surgeon: M.D. Edinburgh: L.R.C.P., 1839: F.R.C.8 1848; knighted, 1868: attained the rank of inspector-general of hospitals and fleets.
  165. ^ Sir Henry Raeburn (1768–1833), portrait painter: sometimes called the Scottish Reynolds son of an Edinburgh manufacturer; began to paint watercolour miniatures of his friends at the age of sixteen; married, 1778, Ann Leslie, a widow of fortune, and, on the advice of Reynolds, resolved to study his art in Rome; returned to Edinburgh, 1787, and was for thirty years a fashionable portrait-painter, during which he painted every contemporary of note except Burns; R.A., 1818; knighted, 1822. His works are to be found chiefly in the private houses of Scotland, but the two Edinburgh gal* leries own many fine examples.
  166. ^ Elizabeth Raffald (1733–1781), cook and author; daughter of Joshua Whitaker: employed in various families as housekeeper: married John Raffald. head-gardener at Arley, 1763; compiled the first Manchester directory, 1773.
  167. ^ Thomas Raffles (1788–1863), independent ruinator: was minister of George Yard Chapel, Hammer, smith, 1809-11, and of Nvwingtou Chapel, Liverpool, 1811-62; one of the chief founders aud organisers of the Lancashire Independent College.
  168. ^ Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781–1836), colonial governor; entered the East India Company's service and landed in Penang, 1806: assisted in the reduction of Java, and was appointed lieutenant-governor, 1811; continued to hold office until the restoration of Java to the Dutch in 1815, and introduced a new system of land tenure and ether changes: acquired immense scientific, historical, and philological knowledge in regard to the East India islands, which he embodied in his History of Java* (1817); knighted, 1817; from 1818 resided chiefly in Bencoolen, of which he had been appointed governor by Lord Minto; persuaded the company to acquire the island of Singapore, 1819; returned to England, but lost all his papers, besides his Immense zoological and botanical collections, owing to the vessel in which they were embarked catching fire, 1834; lived in retirement for the rest of his life near Barnet, occupying himself with the foundation of the Zoological Society, of which he was the first president
  169. ^ Catherine Raftor (1711–1788). See Catherine Clive.
  170. ^ Thomas Ragg (1808–1881), divine and poet; son of George Rag?, a prominent radical: became a bookseller's assistant, 1834: began to publish poetry, and (1839) turned newspaper editor: ordained, 1888, and (1866) appointed perpetual curate of Lawley; published poems and work.s dealing with the relation of science to theology.
  171. ^ Raglan, first Baron (1788–1868). See Fitzroy James Henry Somerset.
  172. ^ Rahere (d. 1144), founder of St. Bartholomew's Hospital London; pn-lM-ndury of St. Paul's, London; Sewn to build St. Bartholomew's Hospital on Its present .K 1123, was it* first master till 1137, and obtained a royml charter for It, 1133.
  173. ^ Charles Raikes (1812–1885), writer on India; commoner of Lahore: O.S.I., 1866.
  174. ^ Henry Raikes (1782–1854), divine: brother of TlKmuw Rates: of Kton and St. John's College, bridge- M.A., 1807: chancellor of the diocese of nu--wr,l0-4: zealously promoted archa?olofpcal research in the county; published sermons,
  175. ^ Henry Cecil Raikes (1838–1891), politician: grandson of Henry Haikes: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1860; barrister, Middle Temple, 1863: entered parliament as a conservative, 1868-80 (M.P., Chester): chairman of committee?, 1874-80: M.P., Preston, 1882, Cambridge University, 1888: postmaster-general, 1886 -91.
  176. ^ Robert Raikes (1735–1811), promoter of Sunday schools: a printer at Gloucester: opened his first school in 1780: was not strictly the originator of the idea of teaching children on Sunday, but spread the knowledge of a plan for cheap schools, which was adapted to the wants of the day, and was really the origin of the modern system.
  177. ^ Thomas Raikes (1777–1848), dandy and diarist ; nephew of Robert Raikes; educated at Eton; was a London merchant and a governor of the Bank of England: a well-known figure in west-end clubs and an associate of George Brummell. His diary was published in UM and 1857.
  178. ^ William Railton (d. 1877), architect ; designed the Nelson memorial in Trafalgar Square, London, in 1839.
  179. ^ Abraham Raimbach (1776–1843), line-engraver: executed, between 1814 and 1825, six large engravings of the pictures of Sir David Wilkie; wrote Memoirs and Recollections(privately printed, 1843).
  180. ^ Thomas Rainborow, Rainborowe, or Rainsborough (d. 1648), soldier ; son of William raluborow: served in the parliamentary fleet and army and (1645) received command of a regiment; M.P., Droitwicb, 1646; sided with the army in opposing disbandmcnt, 1647: led the republican section among the officers, and opposed further negotiations with Charles I; proceeded to sea as vice-admiral, 1648; occasioned a mutiny by his imperious demeanour, and in May 1648 returned to the army: while besieging Pontefract was surprised by a party of cavaliers, and mortally wounded while resisting capture.
  181. ^ William Rainborow (d. 1642), naval commander: was a master in the navy in 1626; successfully commanded a punitive expedition to Sallee, 1637.
  182. ^ Edward Rainbowe (1608–1684), bishop of Carlisle; of Westminster School, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A. Cambridge, 1630: D.D., 1646: elected fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1633; master, 1642; expelled from his mastership by parliament, 1650, but restored, 1660; dean of Peterborough, 1661-4; bishop of Carlisle, 1664-1684: famous as a preacher.
  183. ^ James Raine (1791–1858), antiquary and topographer; formed an acquaintance with Surtees, 1812, and liecame an enthusiastic antiquary and topographer; librarian to the dean and chapter of Durham, 1816-58 rector of Meldon, 1822-58; M.A. Lambeth, 1825; became literary executor to Surtees, and edited the fourth volume of hisHistory of Durham 1840; published the two volumes of bis own History of North Durham 1880 and 1K5J; bon. D.C.L. Durham, 1857.
  184. ^ Matthew Raine (1760–1811), schoolmaster and divine: fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1784; M.A., 178*: D.D., 1799; head-master of Charterhouse School, 1791-1811; P.R.S., 1803; Parr and Person were his in. tlmate friends.
  185. ^ Francis Robert Raines (1805–1878), antiquary: perpetual curate of St James, Milnrow, 1H32-78; PAA., 1K43; helped to found tbe Chetharo Society, 1848, and contributed some oitin; most valuable of its works; M.A. Lambeth, 1845.
  186. ^ George Rainey (1801–1884), anatomist; tantrbt anatomy privately in London between 1827 and 1837; M.R.C.S., 1827; became demonstrator at St. Thomas's Hospital, 1846, t.nd was one of the ablest instructors in London; published scientific works.
  187. ^ Elizabeth Rainforth (1814–1877), vocalist; first sung in public, 1836; subsequently performed at St. James's Theatre, London, the English Opera House, London, Covent Garden, London, and Drury Lane, London. Her voice was soprano.
  188. ^ Peter Rainier (1741?–1808), admiral : entered the navy, 1756; attained post rank, 1778: eomtnaixlerin-chief in the East Indies, 1793-1804, capturing Trincomalee, Amboyna, and Banda Neira; admiral, 1805.
  189. ^ John Rainolds or Reynolds (1549–1607), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; brother of William Rainolds; was a fellow of Corpus Ohristi College. Oxford (1566-86), where he became famous as Greek reader for his lectures on Aristotle; B.A., 1568; dean of Lincoln, 1593-8; president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1598-1607; took a prominent part in the Hampton Court conference and in the translation of the Prophets for the Authorised Version.
  190. ^ William Rainolds (1544?–1594), Roman catholic divine; of Winchester School and New College, Oxford: fellow of New College, Oxfoni, 1560-72; M.A., 1567; received into the Roman church, 1576; became professor of divinity and Hebrew at the English College at Rheims, and assisted Gregory Martin in preparing his version of the New Testament; published controversial works.
  191. ^ Charles Rainsford (1728–1809), general; entered the army, 1744, and saw much active service: M.P., Maldon, 1773, Beeralston, 1787, and Newport, 1790; F.R.S., 1779; general, 1795. He left forty volumes of manuscript memoranda, now in the British Museum.
  192. ^ Marcus Rainsford (fl. 1794–1805), author; held a commission in the army, and published accounts of St. Domingo and Hayti, which he had visited.
  193. ^ Sir Richard Rainsford (1605–1680), judge ; of Exeter College, Oxford; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1632 (treasurer, 1660); M.P. for Northampton in Convention parliament of 1660 and Charles II's first parliament; knighted, c. 1661; raised to the exchequer bench, 1663; transferred to the king's bench, 1669; removed to make room for Scroggs, 1678.
  194. ^ Sir Nicholas Rainton (1569–1646), lord mayor of London; member of the HaberdashersCompany; became lord mayor, 1632; president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1634-46; imprisoned by Star Chamber (1640) for refusing to furnish a list of citizens able to advance money to Charles I, but released five days later.
  195. ^ Harry Rainy (1792–1876), physician ; studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh: M.D. Glasgow, 1833; acquired a large practice in Glasgow; professor of forensic medicine at Glasgow University, 1841-62; hon. LL.D. Glasgow University, 1873.
  196. ^ John Raithby (1766–1826), lawyer; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; published anonymously, The Study and Practice of the Law considered 1798.
  197. ^ Sir Carew Ralegh (1550?–1625?), naval commander; brother of Sir Walter Ralegh; M.P., Wiltshire, 1586,Ludgershall, 1589, and Downton,1604 and 1621; knighted, 1601.
  198. ^ Carew Ralegh (1605–1666), politician ; only surviving son of Sir Walter Ralegh; of Wadham College, Oxford; was restored in blood, 1628; M.P., Hanlemere, 1648-53 and 1659; nominated governor of Jersey, 1660.
  199. ^ Sir Walter Ralegh (1552?–1618), military and naval commander and author; son of Walter Ralegh, a Devonshire gentleman; born at Hayes? Barton in South Devon: educated at Oriel College, Oxford; served France iu the Huguenot army at Jarnac and MI 1509; undertook avoyage of di*covery with hi* halfbrother. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, 1578, and (June 1680) -:ii!."t to Ireland as capUin of a company; put to death the Spanish nnd Italian garrison of the Fort del ro at Smcrwick in accordance with the lord deputy's order, 1580; was sent to EngUad with despatches, 1681, and at nnce ciniirht Queen Elizabeth's fancy; remained at court for several years, the recipient of Queen Elizabeth's bounties to an extent which gave much occasion for scandal; obtained numerous grants, and (1584) was knighted; obtained a patent to take possession of on* known lauds in America in Queen Elizabeth's name, 1684, and on the return of a preliminary expedition the seaboard of the continent from Florida to Newfoundland wu christened Virginia (first settlement made by Sir Richard Orenville(1541 7-1591), 1585, abandoned, 1586: after several unsuccessful expeditions, in 1603 the patent lapsed to the crown); never visited Virginia himself, though the traditional story that potatoes and tobacco were introduced into England in consequence of these attempt* at colonisation is probably correct: placed on a commuwiou to draw up a plan of defence against Invasion from Spain, 1588; found his influence somewhat lessened by a quarrel with the new favourite, Essex, 1588, and (1592) was committed to the Tower of London by Queen Elizabeth, who discovered that he had carried on an intrigue with Elizabeth Throgmorton; released, but subsequently marrying Elizabeth Throgmorton was forbidden the court: settled at Sherborne and took an active part in parliamentary proceedings; interested himself in the Spanish legend of the fabulous wealth of Manoa, and (1596) undertook an expedition in search of the city; failed to find Manoa, but brought back specimens of goldbearing quartz; took a brilliant part in the expedition against Cadiz, 1596, and (1597) equally distinguished himself in the Azores; deprived of most of his offices on the accession of James I, whose mind had been set against him; was sent to the Tower of London on the charge of conspiring against James I, 1603: found guilty, November 1603; reprieved, December 1603; hail apartments in the upper storey of the Bloody Tower, where he lived with his wife and son until 1616, when his friends succeeded in persuading James i to permit him to undertake another expedition to the Orinoco in search of gold, the expenses of the adventure being defrayed by himself and his wife and the gentlemen adventurers who gathered round him; had strict orders not to engage in hostilities with the Spaniards: his fleet scattered by foul winds and storms; on arriving at the Isle de Salut remained behind with the ships, being too feeble from the effects of fever to proceed, and placed the expedition up the river under the command of Laurence Kemys, who failed after burning the Spanish settlement of San Tomus; could not induce his men to make another effort, and returned to England, 1618; his punishment demanded by the Spanish minister on the news of the destruction of San Tomas; arrested at Ashburton and lodged in the Tower of London, after an attempt to escape to France; executed in Old Palace Yard, Westminster, in pursuance of his former sentence, 29 Oct. 1618. His remains were buried in St. Margaret's, Westminster. Much of his poetry is lost. About thirty short pieces survive, the principal of which is a fragment called Cynthia, the Lady of the Sea In prose he published A Report of the Truth of the Fight about the Isles of Azores (1591), The Discovery of the Empyre of Guiana (1596), and hisHistory of the World(1614), which he carried down to B.C. 130. He wrote many essays on political subjects, some of which were published after his death.
  200. ^ Walter Ralegh or Raleigh (1586–1646), divine; son of Sir Carew Ralegh; of Winchester College and Magdalen Hall, Oxford: M.A., 1608; created D.D., 1636; held a number of minor preferments, and as a staunch royalist suffered grievously during the civil war: appointed dean of Wells, 1641; made a prisoner, roughly treated, and mortally wounded iu a scuffle at Wells.
  201. ^ Alexander Raleigh (1817–1880), nonconformist divine: congregational pastor at Greenock, 18461847, Rotherham, 1860-6, Glasgow, 1856-8: Canonbury, London, 1858-76, and Kensington, 1876-80: made D.D. Glasgow, 1865. He bad a wide reputation as a preacher.
  202. ^ William de Raleigh (d. 1250), successively bishop of Norwich and Winchester: appointed one of the justices of the bench and justices itinerant. 1228; consecrated bishop of Norwich in 1139, and translated to Winchester in 1244: had been elected to the see of Winchester in 1238, but his nomination being rejected by Henry III, only obtained admission when supported by an interdict.
  203. ^ James Ralfe (fl. 1820–1829), writer on naval history: author of The Naval Biography of Great Britain (1838) and other works.
  204. ^ John Ralfs (1807–1890), botanist; practiwd for a time an a surgeon, but in 1837 settled at Penzance, abandoned his profession, and devoted himself to botany: president of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 1883-4; published British Phwnogamous Plants and Ferns 1839, and The British Desmlde 1848.
  205. ^ Ralph the Timid, Earl of Hereford (d. 1067), Norman noble; came to England (1041) with Edward the Confessor, whose sister, Godgifu, was his mother; became Earl of Worcester in 1042; supported Edward against Godwin in 1051, receiving Swegen's earldom of Herefordshire; defeated by Ifgar and his Welsh allies in 1056.
  206. ^ Ralph of Wader, Earl of Norfolk (fl. 1070). See Ralph Guader.
  207. ^ Ralph of Toesny (d. 1102), Norman baron; hereditary standard-bearer of Normandy; fought at Hastings, 1066, and was rewarded by large grants of land; supported William Rufus against his brother Robert.
  208. ^ Ralph of Mortemer (d. 1104?). See Mortimer.
  209. ^ Ralph d'Escures, sometimes called Ralph de Turbine (d. 1122), archbishop of Canterbury; became a monk of Seez, 1079, and abbot, 1089; fled to England from the violence of Robert of Belleme, 1100, and (1108) was consecrated bishop of Rochester: became administrator of the diocese of Canterbury on Auselm's death in 1109, and (1114) was chosen archbishop; refused to consecrate Thurstan, archbishop-elect of York, unless he professed obedience to Canterbury, 1114; soon afterwards proceeded to Rome to represent to Pope Pascal II the ancient privileges of the kingdom, but could not prevent the eventual consecration of Thurstan in 1119 by Pope Calixtus at Rheims; the controversy still undecided at his death, in spite of Thurstan's having obtained possession of his see; convinced Henry I that the matter concerned the unity of the kingdom, propounding the maxim, One primate, one king.
  210. ^ Ralph, Radulph, Radulf, or Randulf (d. 1123), chancellor; was chancellor from 1107-8 till his death; his administration was described as unjust and oppressive.
  211. ^ Ralph called Luffa (d. 1123), bishop of Chichester; consecrated, 1091; supported Anselm against Rufus, and greatly raised the dignity of his see.
  212. ^ Ralph (d. 1144?), bishop of Orkney; consecrated before 1114 by the archbishop of York, but ignored by the people of the Islands, who regarded the primate of Trondhjem as their head; never went into residence, though his cause was espoused by the papacy; friend of Thurstan.
  213. ^ Ralph Gobion or Gubiun (d. 1151), abbot of St. Albans; elected abbot, 1146; remarkable for his love of learning and his large collection of books.
  214. ^ Ralph (d. 1160?), theological writer; was almoner of Westminster and prior of Hurley; one or two of his writings are extant.
  215. ^ Ralph (d. 1174), bishop of Bethlehem and chancellor of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem; stated by William ol Tyre to have been an Englishman; first appears in a charter of 1146 as chancellor under Baldwin III; nominated archbishop of Tyre, 1147, but his appointment invalidated, 1150, by Bugeulus; elected bishop of Bethlehem, 1166.
  216. ^ Ralph of St Albans or Ralph of Dunstable (fl.–1180?), learned writer; was probably a monk of St. Albans and a native of Duutuhlo; turned into verse proae lives of St. Alban and St. Ampbibalus.
  217. ^ Ralph Niger (fl. 1170). See Niger.
  218. ^ Ralph de Diceto (d. 1202?). See Diceto.
  219. ^ Ralph of Coggeshall (fl. 1207). See Coggeshall.
  220. ^ Ralph of Evesham] or Randulph (d. 1229), abbot of Evesham; elected abbot, 1214.
  221. ^ Ralph of Bristol (d. 1232), bishop of Kildare; consecrated.,1223; wrote a life of St. Laurence O'Toole, archbishop of Dublin.
  222. ^ Ralph of Maidstone (d. 1246), bishop of Hereford taught in the schools of Oxford and Paris; consecrated bishop, 1834, but resigned, 1239, in order to enter the Franciscan order.
  223. ^ Ralph Bocking (d. 1270). See Bocking.
  224. ^ Ralph of Shrewsbury (d. 1363), bishop of Bath and Wells; chancellor of Oxford University, 1328; consecrated, 1399; active in reforming abuses. especially in the religious houses of his diocese.
  225. ^ George Keith Ralph (fl. 1778–1796), portrait painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1778-96.
  226. ^ James Ralph (1705?–1762), miscellaneous writer ; born in Pennsylvania: accompanied Franklin to England, 1724; attacked Pope in a coarse satire, 1728, and in 1744 and 1746 published a History of England (1688-1727) in two volumes; became subsequently a journalist, and showed sufficient ability to induce the Pelham ministry to purchase his pen. The Histoire du Prince Titi (1736), a eulogy of Prince Frederick, lias been incorrectly attributed to him.
  227. ^ John Ralston, Raleston, or Raulston (d. 1458), bishop of Dunkeld: LL.D., 1440; appointed secretary to James II of Scotland, 1444; keeper of the privy seal, 1447-9; bishop of Dunkeld, 1447-52; became high treasurer, 1449.
  228. ^ William Ralston Shedden Ralston - (1828–1889), Russian scholar; son of W. P. Ralston Shedden; BJL. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1850: called to the bar: assumed the additional name of Ralston (r. 1852), after his father hud unsuccessfully claimed the Ralstou estates in Ayrshire; assistant in the printed book department at the British Museum (1853-75), where he acquired a knowledge of Russian and edited several Russian translations.
  229. ^ James Ram (1793–1870), conveyancer and legal author; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1823; barrister, Inner Temple, 1823; published legal treatises.
  230. ^ Robert Ram (fl. 1643–1655), divine : son of Thomas Ram; graduated at Trinity College, Dublin was minister of Spalding; supported the cause of parliament in his speeches and writings.
  231. ^ Thomas Ram (1564–1634), bishop of Ferns and Leighlin; educated at Eton: fellow of King's College, Cambridge; accompanied Essex to Ireland as chaplain 1599; consecrated bishop, 1605.
  232. ^ Francis Hopkins Ramadge (1793–1867), medical writer; M.A.and M.B. Trinity College, Dublin, 1819 (incorporated M.B. St. Alban Hall, Oxford 1821); M D Oxford, 1821; F.R.C.P., 1822; censor, 1825; senior phyl alcian at the Central Infirmary and Dispensary, London;
  233. ^ Craufurd Tait Ramage (1803-1878), miscellaneous writer: M.A. Edinburgh, 1825; was for fifteen ?E t S r * ta t 1 be r famll y of Thoma8 Spring-Rice, first baron Mouteagle; became rector of Wallace .S f,? 1 1842: P ubll8hedour anthologies, entitled Beautiful Thoughts besides other writings,
  234. ^ Johann Heinrich Ramberg (1763–1840), historical and portrair painter: born to Hanover; came to and returned to Hanover, 1792, when he appointed electoral court painter.
  235. ^ William Ramesay (fl. 1645–1676). See Ramsay.
  236. ^ Alexander Ramkins (1672–1719?), adherent of James II: studied at Aberdeen University; fought in Scotland and Ireland at the time of the revolution, and afterwards served in the French army.
  237. ^ Sir Alexander Ramsay (d. 1342), of Dalhousie, Scottish patriot; held a command in the engagement of Boroughmuir, 1335, and relieved Duubar, 1338; captured Roxburgh Castle from the English, 1342, but im-nnv 1 tinenmity of William Douglas of Liddesdale, who seized him and left him to perish of hunger in the castle of the Hermitage.
  238. ^ Sir Alexander Ramsay (d. 1402), of Dalhousie Scottish noble; killed at Houiildon Hill.
  239. ^ Sir Alexander Ramsay (fl. 1424–1451), Scottish noble; probably grandson of Sir Alexander Ramsay (rf. 1402); routed an English force at Piperden, 1435.
  240. ^ Allan Ramsay (1686–1758), Scottish poet: an Edinburgh wig-maker by trade; became laureate of the Jacobite Easy Club 1715, and (c. 1717) abandoned witrmaking for bookselling; published his collected poems, 1721, the Tea-table Miscellany 1724-7, and (1725) his pastoral drama, The Gentle Shepherd which achieved instant success; ceased to write after 1730, and in 1755 retired from business; edited a number of ancient Scottish poems, and freely tampered with the text,
  241. ^ Allan Ramsay (1713–1784), painter; eldest child of Allan Ramsay (1686-1758) q. v.; studied in London  ; and on the continent; found employment in Edinburgh as a portrait-painter for some years, but (c. 1756) migrated  ; to London, where Walpole considered that he excelled Reynolds as a painter of women; became portrait-painter to George III, 1767. He was one of the Johnsonian group, and was distinguished for knowledge of the world and social charm.
  242. ^ Andrew Ramsay (1574–1659), Scottish divine and Latin poet: educated at St. Andrews; studied theology in France and became professor at Saumur; returned to Scotland, c. 1606, and became a minister in Edinburgh, 1614, professor of divinity, 1620, and rector of the college, posts which he resigned in 1626; refused to read Laud's prayer book, and for this was silenced by the privy council, 1637; became a leading covenanter for a time, but (1649) was deposed for refusing to preach against the engagement; restored, 1655; published sacred poems in Latin.
  243. ^ Sir Andrew Ramsay , first baronet, Lord Abbotshall (1620?–1688), lord provost of Edinburgh ; eldest son of Andrew Ramsay; lord provost, 1654-7 and 1662-73; knighted, 1655 and 1660; created baronet, 1669; named privy councillor and admitted lord of session, 1671; became very unpopular, and was obliged to resign his offices, 1673.
  244. ^ Sir Andrew Crombie Ramsay (1814–1891), geologist; devoted himself to the study of geology from an early age, and (1841) obtained employment on the geological survey; was appointed professor of geology at University College, London, 1847, but still preserved his connection with the survey, of which he became senior director for England and Wales, 1862, and director-general, 1871; president of the Geological Society, 1862-4; F.R.S., 1862 (royal medallist, 1880): retired from the geological survey and was knighted, 1881; underrated palaeontology and petrology, and devoted most of his attention to district stratigraphy.
  245. ^ Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686–1743), tutor to Prince Charles Edward; son of an Ayrshire baker; educated at Edinburgh University; became a Roman catholic in 1710 under the influence of Fern-Ion, and in 1724 became tutor to Prince James Edward's two sons; came to England, 1728, and was made F.R.S. and LL.D. St. Mary Hall, Oxford; author of a number of works, the most notable being his Voyages de Cyrus (1727), in imitation of Telemaque and Philosophical Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion explained and unfolded in a Geometrical Order published, 1749.
  246. ^ Charles Aloysius Ramsay (fl. 1677–1683), writer on stenography; resided in Germany and France; became known as the publisher of a system of shorthand in Latin.
  247. ^ David Ramsay (d. 1642), courtier; brother of Sir James llamsay; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Henry; imprisoned in the Tower of Louden, in consequence of a quarrel with Lord Reay, 1631.
  248. ^ David Ramsay (d. 1663), clockmaker to James I and Charles I; appointed cloekmaker extraordinary to Jnmes I, 1613, and (1618) chief clockmaker: was also a to permit the mien of various native state* to carry on the succession by the expedient of adopting an heir: MUMM to imalM t:, Stod Mk 3 ril -t student of the occult sciences and an inventor.
  249. ^ Edward Bannerman Ramsay dean of Edinburgh; it.A..-t. John 1 * College Cambridge. 1816: ordained, 1816; went to Edinburgh, 1824; dean of Edinburgh, 1841-79, becoming generally known in Sootland as Dean Ramsay; published ( 18*8) his Remlnisomees of Scottish Life and Character by which he to most widely known.
  250. ^ Fox Maule Ramsay, eleventh Earl of Dalhousie and second Baron Panmure (1801–1874). See Fox Maule.
  251. ^ Sir George Ramsay, ninth baronet (1800–1871), philosophical writer; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., IMS; M.B., 1896; contributed voluminously to philosophical topics, but made no addition of importance to philosophic inquiry.
  252. ^ George Ramsay , twelfth Earl of Dalhousie and first Baron Ramsay (1806-1880), entered the navy, 1820: C.B., 1866; succeeded his cousin. Fox Maule Ramsay, eleventh earl of Dalhousie, 1874; created Baron Ramsay of the United Kingdom, 1876; admiral, 1876.
  253. ^ Sir James Ramsay (1589?–1638), soldier; nearly related to Sir John Ramsay, earl of Holderness; accompanied James VI to England on his accession, and afterwards fought under Gustaviu Adolphus; mortally wounded while defending Hanover against the imiterialista.
  254. ^ James Ramsay (1624?–1696), bishop of Ross; laureated at Glasgow University, 1647; ordained minister of Kirkintilloch, 1668; was transferred to Liullthgow, 1685; rector of Glasgow University, 1666-71; bishop of Dunblane, 1673: translated to Ross, 1684; expelled from office on the abolition of episcopacy; died in great poverty.
  255. ^ James Ramsay (1733–1789), divine and philanthropist; studied at King's College, Aberdeen; served as a surgeon In the navy in earlier life, but afterwards took holy orders; settled in the West Indies and interested himself in the negroes; came into collision with the planters: accepted a naval chaplaincy, 1778; presented to a living in Kent, 1781; endeavoured to stimulate a movement in England in favour of the abolition of slavery; bore the brunt of the struggle almost unaided for some time, but latterly was supported by Wilberforce and others.
  256. ^ James Ramsay (1786–1864), portrait-painter; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, 1803; continued to paint until 1849. oto i:v..-.... -.-,..1 ,.Pl,T.,: ! B Hi Qj:.:..:..r-..-.,:-.- ? ministration; returned to England, IBM, after prou*ung jpfMl t:., BNbMM at nda tafftb loraptta rr.-o., 5 Ete ko nfora v n m mg. rwstad vttk on hU arrival, but on the outbreak of the assailed on account of his policy of annexation and bis confidence In the native i great honour (1793-1872), mutiny in 1867 was army, though such charges were not supported by those cognisant of the aotuaL facts of the case.
  257. ^ Sir John Ramsay (d. 1613), lord of Bothwell ; was one of the favourites of James III: escaped the vengeance of the nobles at Lander Bridge In 148* on account of his youth; was several times ambassador to the English court, but after the death of James III was forfeited by llament, 1488, and took refuge with Henry VII; nto Scotland, 1496, but continued to act in the parlia turned English interest
  258. ^ John Ramsay (1496?-1551), divine: B.A. New Inn Hall, Oxford. 1514: B.D., 1622; ueeeMively prior of St. Mary's College, Oxford, and Merton Abbey, Surrey; adopted reformation principles and resigned his priory; wrote two treatises.
  259. ^ Sir John Ramsay, Baron of East Barns, Viscount Haddington Count and Earl of Holderness (1580?-1626), favourite of James VI; assisted James VI in the Gowrie conspiracy by killing the Earl of Gowrie and bis brother, 1600, for which he was created a baron; accompanied James VI to England, and in 1606 was made a viscount, and In 1621 an earl.
  260. ^ John Ramsay (1802–1879), poet; originally a carpet-weaver: travelled through Scotland for fifteen years " llg his poems, which were energetic and picturesque.
  261. ^ Sir John William Ramsay, thirteenth Earl of Dalhousie (1847-1887), son of George Ramsay, twelfth earl of Dalbousie: entered the navy, 1861, but retired, 1879, and devoted himself to study and politics; i matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, 1875: liberal M.P. for Liverpool, 1880; succeeded as earl, 1880: K.T., 1881: became secretary for Scotland, 1886.
  262. ^ Laurence Ramsay or Ramsey (fl. 1550–1588), versifier; attacked the Roman catholics in verse.
  263. ^ Robert Ramsay or Ramsey (fl. 1609–1639) musician; Mus. Bac. Cambridge, 1616; organist of Trinity College, Cambridge. Several of his compositions linve been preserved.
  264. ^ Robert Ramsay (1842–1882), Australian politician; took bis seat in the legislative assembly of Victoria ! as member for East Bourke, 1870, and (1872) joined the Francis ministry, becoming postmaster-general in 1874; 1 became minister of public instruction, 1875; resigned, ! 1877, but (March 1880) joined Service's ministry, resigning, June 1880.
  265. ^ Sir James Andrew Broun Ramsay , tenth Earl of and first Marquis of Dalhousie (1812–1860), governor-general of India; educated at Harrow and succeeded his father as tenth earl, and entered the House of Lords as second Baron Dalhousie, 1838; became president of the board of trade, 1846, and (1817) governor-general of India; during the second Sikh war established himself at Firozpur, near the scene of operations, and on its conclusion he was created a marquis; declared the Pan jab a British province, 1849, placing it under a board, of which he made Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence president; issued his famous minute, by which he determined the character of Indian railways, 1853, resolving, in introducing the railway system into,,-j 7jjA 1866, and to avail himself of private enterprise, while pro- VTM Tiding a system of direct but not vexatious control by government; introduced the electric telegraph and took measures for the suppression of suttee in native states, the suppression of dacoity, the alteration of the postal system, and the removal of imposts which shackled trade; undertook the second Burmese war, 1862, which ended in the annexation of Lower Burma; his policy of annexation much criticised, particularly with reference to his refusal trol bv.,.,c c
  266. ^ Thomas Ramsay or Ramsey (fl. 1631-1653), Roman catholic agent; sou of a Soottbh physician; M.A. 1 Glasgow and Edinburgh; became a Roman catholic Glasgow and Edinburgh; abroad, and was sent to England on a mission in 1653, and took the name of Thomas Horsley; arrested soon after his arrival. Haddiugtonghire, 1837;
  267. ^ Thomas Kennedy Ramsay (1826–1886), Canadian judge and jurist; emigrated from Scotland in 1847; was admitted to the bar. 1862: Q.C., 1867; became (1878) a puisne judge of the queen's bench in Canada.
  268. ^ William Ramsay, of Colluthie, Earl of Fife (fl. 1356-1360), married Isabel, countess of Fife, Invested with the earldom: fought on the French side at Poitiers, 1366.
  269. ^ William Ramsay , second Baron Ramsay of Dalhousie and first Earl of Dalhousie (d. 1674), succeeded his father as baron, 1629: created earl 1633; colonel in the covenanting army; aided Argyll agait Montn-e; supported Charles II in 1651, and was fined by Cromwell, 1654.
  270. ^ William Ramsay or Ramesay (b. 1627), physician and astrologer: son of David Ramsoy (d. 1653() ; utii'lu-il.it t. Andrews, Edinburgh; M.D. Montpcllier, 1662; phyMHun iu ordinary to Charles II; M.D. Cambridge by royal mandate, 1668; published medical and astrological works.
  271. ^ William Ramsay (1806-1865), classical scholar; brother of Sir George Rauisay; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1836; professor of humanity, Glasgow, 1831-66; publishedAu Elementary Manual of Homau Antiquities 1869, and editions of Latin classics.
  272. ^ William Norman Ramsay (1782–1816), major in the royal horse artillery; entered the army, 1798; served in Egypt and Spain with the horse artillery; distinw'iiislieii himself at Fueutes d'Onoro, 1811; brevetmajor, 1813; killed at Waterloo.
  273. ^ Francis Henry Ramsbotham (1801–1868), medical writer; M.D. Edinburgh, 1822; F.R.O.P. London, 1844; obstetric physician at the London Hospital; eminent as a lecturer and specialist in obstetrics.
  274. ^ Jesse Ramsden (1735–1800), optician and mechanician; set up as an engraver iu 1762, and afterwards took out patents for important improvements in astronomical instruments; was renowned as an instrumentmaker throughout Europe, and had an enormous business, bat refused to raise his prices, and left but a small fortune.
  275. ^ William of Ramsey (fl. 1219). See William.
  276. ^ John Ranby (1703–1773), sergeant-surgeon ; F.R.S., 1724; became surgeon in ordinary to the king's household, 1738, sergeant-surgeon to George II, 1740, and principal sergeant-surgeon, 1743; induced government to found a corporation of surgeons distinct from that of the barbers, 1746, and became the first master; chief work 4 The Method of Treating Gunshot Wounds 1744. Fielding introduced him into Tom Jones
  277. ^ John Ranby (1743–1820), pamphleteer; natural son of John Ranby; was a tory pamphleteer of uome ability.
  278. ^ Isaac Rand (d. 1743), botanist; was appointed, 1124, prof td ui horli of Chelsea garden; published botanical treatises; F.R.S., 1739.
  279. ^ John Randall (1570–1622), puritan divine; of St Mary Hall and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1585; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1587; M.A., 1589; rector of St. Andrew Hubbard, London, 1599-1622, where he made a reputation as a preacher.
  280. ^ John Randall (fl. 1764), schoolmaster and agriculturist; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1727; carried on a private school at York; published The SemiVirgiliau Husbandry
  281. ^ John Randall (1715–1799), organist: Mus. Doc. Cambridge, 1756; organist to King's College Chapel, f'auibridge, 1745-99; professor of music at Cambridge, 1756-99.
  282. ^ John Randall (1756–1802), shipbuilder; built nary vessels at Rotherhithe for the East India Company and for government; died from the effects of a fever brought on by mortification at a strike of his workmen.
  283. ^ Thomas Randall (1605–1635). See Randolph.
  284. ^ William Randall (fl. 1584–1603), musician; was episUer at the Chapel Royal, London, 1584; one or two of bUs compositions survive.
  285. ^ Bernard Randolph (1643–1690?), writer on Greece; brother of Edward Randolph (1640?-1700?); was long engaged in commerce in the Levant, and wrote accounts of the Morea and the Greek Archipelago.
  286. ^ Charles Randolph (1809–1878), marine engineer: educated at Glasgow University; started business n (tlungow, 1834. His firm developed into the Fairfield Shipbuilding Company.
  287. ^ Edward Randolph (d. 1566), soldier; probably brother of Thomas Randolph (1623-1690); em ployed iu Scotland in Queen Elizabeth's reigii and (1563) wa.s made marshal of Havre; became, lieutenant-general of ordnance on his return; killed in battle at Knockfergus.
  288. ^ Edward Randolph (1640?–1700?), colonial official: prepared a report on Massachusetts in 1676 for the lords of trade and plantation and (1678) was appointed collector and surveyor of customs for New England; subsequently held other offices and was imprisoned, ltiH9, during the rebellion against Sir Edmund Audros
  289. ^ Francis Randolph (1752–1831), divine; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1775; M.A., 1780; D.D. Dublin, 1806; held several minor preferments; had some reputation as a theologian, and contributed to the Socinian controversy.
  290. ^ John Randolph, third Earl of Moray (d. 1346), son of Sir Thomas Randolph, first earl of Moray; succeeded his brother Thomas, second Earl of Moray, 1832; completely defeated Edward Baliol at Annan, 1332; fought at Halidon Hill, 1333; chosen (c. 1334) joint regent of Scotland; completed the liberation of the country by compelling the Earl of Atholl to surrender; was captured by the English, 1336, and remained in captivity till 1341; killed at the battle of defeated Baliol at Irvine, 1342; Neville's Cross.
  291. ^ John Randolph (1749–1813), successively bishop of Oxford, Bangor, and London; son of Thomas Randolph (1701-1783); of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1774; D.D. by diploma, 1783; professor of poetry at Oxford, 1776-83; regius professor of Greek, 1782-3; professor of moral philosophy, 1782-6, and regius professor of divinity, 1783-99; consecrated bishop of Oxford, 1799, translated to Bangor, 1807, and to London, 1809.
  292. ^ Sir Thomas Randolph, first Earl of Moray (d. 1332), companion of Robert Bruce and regent of Scotland; joined Bruce after the murder of Red Coinyn in 1306, and was taken prisoner at Methveu, 1306; deserted Bruce in order to save his own life, and joined in the hunt for him in Oarrick; was captured by Douglas, 1308, and made his submission to Bruce; became the most trusted friend and adviser of the Scottish king, and was created Earl of Moray; performed many remarkable feats of arms, including the capture of Edinburgh Castle by escalade in 1314; commanded a division at Baunockburn, 1314; took part in Edward Bruce's Irish expedition, 1315; concluded an offensive and defensive alliance with France, 1326, and on the death of Bruce in 1329 became regent.
  293. ^ Thomas Randolph (1523–1590), ambassador; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1545; B.C.L., 1548; principal of Broadgates Hall (Pembroke College), Oxford, 1549-53; retired to France on Queen Mary's accession, but returned,; 1559, and was employed by Queen Elizabeth in various diplomatic missions in Scotland; recalled to England, 1566, and appointed postmaster-general, but (1568) was sent on a mission to Russia and obtained special privileges for English merchants; despatched on special missions to France, 1573 and 1576, and afterwards returned to Scotland in order to assist Morton; Morton's fate hastened by his intervention; successfully concluded a treaty with James VI, 1586.
  294. ^ Thomas Randolph (1605–1635), poet and dramatist; showed literary leanings us a child; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; fellow of Trinity i College, Cambridge, 1629; M.A., 1632; made the ac quaintance of Ben Jonsou and, after becoming famous in Cambridge as a writer of English and Latin verse, went to London in 1632. His plays (including Amyntas, an adaptation from GuarSni and Tasso. and The Muses Looking-Glasse) and poems were edited by W. O. Hazlitt, 1875.
  295. ^ Thomas Randolph (1701–1783), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A. and D.D. Corpus Christi College, Oxford; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1723; attracted the attention of the bishop of Oxford, John Potter (1674-1747), who, after he became primate, bestowed several preferments on him; became noted as an orthodox theologian, and in 1748 was elected president of Corpus Christi Collect Oxford; vice-chancellor of Oxford University, 1756. His works were numerous.
  296. ^ William Randolph (1650–1711), colonist; brother of Thomas Randolph (1605-165); emigrated to Virginia in 174, where he founded William and Mary College, and attempted to civilize the Indians; member of council, Virginia.
  297. ^ Henry Rands (d. 1551). See Henry Holbeach.
  298. ^ William Brighty Rands (1823–1882), 'the laureate of the nursery'; wrote under the pseudonyms of Henry Holbeach and Matthew Browne: after a struggle with poverty became a reporter in the House of Commons; wrote much prose and verse for various periodical was especially esteemed for his poems and fairy tales for was especially esteemed ohildivn; conipo-ied hymns. Lilliput Lectures 1871. made professor of civil engineering a at Glasgow, 1856, and about 1858 became president of the Scottish Institution of Engineers.
  299. ^ William Rankins (fl. 1587-1601), author; made a vicious attack on the stage in 1587 in his Mirrour of Monsters, but afterwards wrote plays, none of which are extant; author of Seaven Satyres (1598) and probably of The English Ape (1588).
  300. ^ Alfred Rankley 1819–1872), painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1841-1871.
  301. ^ Rannulf Flambard . See Flambard.
  302. ^ Randulf called le Meschin, Earl of Chester (d. 1129?), nephew of Hugh of Avranches, earl of Chester; led the van at Tinchebrai ( 1 106), and succeeded his cousin Richard, earl of Chester, in 1120 in his earldom.
  303. ^ Randulf called de Gernons, Earl of Chester (d. 1153), only son of Randulf le Mi-schinearlof Chester ; succeeded his father shortly before 1130, and after the accession of King Stephen took an important part in English politic*; seized (1140) Lincoln Caatle, where he poems and fairy tales __. Hli best work was his
  304. ^ Edwin Ransford (1805-1876), vocalist and actor; began to play leading diameters at the Surrey Theatre 1831, and il, and afterward* appeared at moit of the London theatres, retiring, 1838; produced, from 1845, a series of popular musical entertainments, in which he was chief performer, and competed songs and glees,
  305. ^ James Ransome (1782–1849), agricultural implement maker; elder on of Robert Kan some; continued his father's business, and with his brother, Robert, gained many medals and prizes from the Royal Agricultural Society.
  306. ^ James Allen Ransome (1806–1875), agricultural-implement maker; by Stephen, but with the help of his father- i tural ; eldest son of James ~ in-law, Robert, earl of Gloucester, completely. became a partner in his father's q. defeated Stephen beneath the walls, 1141; came to term* with Stephen, 1142, but in 1144 again took up arms; again made peace, 1146, but was treacherously thrown into prison and compelled to surrender his castles to obtain his freedom; persuaded Henry, Matilda's son, to return to England, 1149, but was won over by the extensive grants King Stephen made him; won over to the side of Duke Henry by the promise of even larger grants, but died before the end of the year, poisoned, it was believed, by William Peverell (1843) published a history of tare The Implemented Agriml
  307. ^ Ranelagh third Viscount and first Earl of (1636?-1712). See Richard Jones.
  308. ^ Nathaniel Ranew (1602?–1678), ejected minister; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1624 (incorporated at Oxford, 1627); became minister of St. Andrew Hubbard, London, and (1647) was transferred by parliamentary order to Felsted in Essex, where he became a prominent divine; ejected, 1662; settled in Billericay; published Solitude improved by Divine Meditation 1670.
  309. ^ Loud Rankeillor (1639–1706). See Archibald Hope.
  310. ^ Alexander Ranker (1756–1827), author: graduated at Edinburgh: minister of Cnmbusnethan, 1781-5, and of St. David, Glasgow, 1785-1827; D.D. Glasgow, 1801; moderator of the general assembly, 1811: published j compiling for the society a systematized account of all an inaccurate History of France (9 vols. 1802-22). I W I M eclipses down to 1878; became editor of Knowledge 1888 and pnblished in it important Investigations on
  311. ^ George Ranken (1828–1866), major, royal enserved in Canada, 1850-5, and received the
  312. ^ Robert Ransome (1753–1830), agricultural implement maker; commenced business at Norwich, but removed to Ipswich, 1789; took oat several patent**, including a most important one in 1803 for an improvnl ploughshare.
  313. ^ Thomas Frazer Ranson (1784–1828), line engraver; learned his art at Newcastle-tipon-Tyne. Hi* plates include a good portrait of George IV after E. So..tt.
  314. ^ Ranulf Flambard (d. 1128). See Flambard.
  315. ^ Ranulf de Glanville (d. 1190). See Glanville.
  316. ^ Ranulf de Blundevill , Earl of Chester (d. 1232). See Blundevill.
  317. ^ Ranulph Brito or Le Breton (d. 1246). See Brito.
  318. ^ Arthur Cowper Ranyard (1845–1894), astronomer; son of Mrs. Ellen Henrietta Ranyard: M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1868; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1871: secretary to the Royal Astronomical Society, 1874-80; between 1871 and 1879 was occupied in gineers; thanks of the legislature for saving the library of the Literary and Historical Society, when the parliament buildings at Quebec were destroyed by fire in 1854; volunteered for the Crimea, 1855, and distinguished himself in the assault on the Redan (September 1855); accidentally killed at Sebastopol. His journals inCanada and the Crimea were published by bis brother (1862).
  319. ^ Thomas Rankin (1738-1810), methodist divine: after hearing Whitefleld preach at Lcith, resolved to become a preacher: became an intimate friend of John Wesley and (1773) was sent to America to reform method-m there; incurred the dislike of the American methodists on account of his mission, and (1777) returned to England; engaged in active labour in England till his retirement bllTJS,
  320. ^ William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–1872), civil engineer; studied at Edinburgh University, 1836-8; was a pupil of (Sir) John Benjamin MacNeill ; after his apprenticeship returned to Edinburgh and made important contributions to the science of railway locomotion; commenced (c. 1848) the series of researches on molecular physics which occupied him at intervals during the rest of his life, and which constitute his chief claim to distinction in the domain of pure nebulro.
  321. ^ Ellen Henrietta Ranyard (1810–1879), founder of the female bible mission: nie White: married Benjamin Ranyard, 1839: published The Book and its Story 1852, and, from 1856, editedThe Book and its Mission a periodical (renamed The Mining Link Mnpazine 1865).
  322. ^ Henry Raper (1767-1845), admiral : entered the navy, 1780; was signal lieutenant to Howe on 1 June 1794; saw much service, mainly in the c--t Indie?, on the Lisbon station, and in the Baltic; admiral, 1R11.
  323. ^ Henry Raper (1799–1859), writer on navigation: eldest son of Henry Raper (1767-1845) q. v.): was a lieutenant in the navy, and after retiring (1825) devott-i himself to nautical M-M?IICC: published the Practice 01 Navigation 1840.
  324. ^ Paul de Rapin (1661–1726), historian; generally styled Rapin-Thoyras; born at Orwtres; took refuge In England, 1686, soon after the revocation of the edict of Nantes; afterwards enlisted in Holland, and returned to England with the troops of William of Orange: fought in Ireland and( 1693) became tutor to the Duke of Portland's eldest son: subsequently sojourned in variou* continental towns in poor circumstances, ami died at We?eL Hi* History of England in French, appeared in 1723 and was carried down to the accession of William and Mary. Itvra transhit*-! into En?lish,and continual by various writers, remaining tin- -t.ui.lanl history of England until the publication of Hume's.
  325. ^ Dorning Rasbotham (1730–1791), author; made collections for the history of Lancashire which were utilised by Edward Baines, and wrote Codrus, a Tragedy, 1774.
  326. ^ Philip Rashleigh (1729–1811), antiquary ; of New College, Oxford: M.P., Towey, 1765-1802; known latterly as the father of the House of Commons; F.S. A. and F.R.S., 1788; had great knowledge of Cornish mineralogy, and made a valuable collection of mim-ral-.
  327. ^ Rudolf Eric Raspe (1737–1794), author of the original Baron Munchausen; born in Hanover; studied at Gtittingen and Leipzig; became professor at the Collegium Carolinum in Cassel, 1767, and keeper of the landgrave of Host's antique gems and medals, which he purloined, and in 1775 fled to England to escape punishment; took to writing for a livelihood; became storekeeper at a Cornish mine, 1782; published Baron Munchauaen's Narrative 1785, the first edition containing only chapters ii-vi. of the current modern version, the other fifteen chapters being added later by another hand, and a parody of James Bruce's Travels being added as a sequel, 1793; obtained money from Sir John Sinclair of of Ulbeter by pretending to discover gold and silver on his estate, 1791, an incident commemorated by Sir Walter Scott in the Antiquary; while still masquerading as a mining expert was carried off by scarlet fever at Muckross.
  328. ^ William Dickinson Rastall (1756-1822). See William Dickinson (Rastall).
  329. ^ John Rastell (d. 1536), printer and lawyer; entered Lincoln's Inn: had an excellent legal practice; M.I, Duuheved, 1529-36; commenced printing before 1516, but passed most of his time in the country, leaving his work n iii to attend to the business; embraced reformed opinions, 1530; attacked the practice of paying tithes, 1536, and was thrown into prison, where he died.
  330. ^ John Rastell (1532–1577), Jesuit; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1549: M.A., 1555: on Queen Elizabeth's accession retired to Louvaiu; entered the Jesuit order, 1668; published controversial works; died at Ingoldstadt.
  331. ^ William Rastell (1508?–1565), judge: elder son of John Rastell (d. 1536): barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1539; treasurer, 1555; became a puisne judge of the queen's bench, 1558, retiring, 1563; edited The Works of Sir Thomas More 1557, and several legal treatises.
  332. ^ John Rastrick (1650-1727), nonconformist minister; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1674; became vicar of Kirton, 1674, but resigned his living, 1687, and began to preach as a nonconformist, settling at King's Lynn, 1701.
  333. ^ John Urpeth Rastrick (1780–1856), civil engineer; took an important part in introducing railways in England, and effected several improvements in steam engines; M.I.C.E., 1827: was one of the judges appointed by the directors of the Liverpool and Manchester railway who in 1829 decided to favour of George Stephenson's Rocket; F.RS., 1837.
  334. ^ William Rastrick (d. 1752), nonconformist divine; son of John Rantrick; succeeded his father at) preacher at King's Lynn.
  335. ^ Henry Ratcliffe ( 1808–1877), vital statistician; became secretary to the order of Odd Fellows, 1848, and compiled actuarial tobies in regard to mortality and which were of great value to friendly societies ; a public valuer under the Friendly Societies Act of 1870.
  336. ^ John Ratcliffe (d. 1610). See Sicklemore.
  337. ^ John Ratcliffe (d. 1776), book-collector ; kept chandler's shop in Southwark and became an ardent ok-co lector; his library sold by Christie after his teth, the talc lasting nltie day.
  338. ^ Thomas Ratcliffe or Ratliffe (d. 1599), divine; of Peterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1578; author of theShort Svmme of the whole Catechisme 1592.
  339. ^ Hannah Mary Rathbone (1798–1878), authoress of the Diary of Lady Willoughby; granddaughter of Richard Reynolds (1735-1816): married her half-cousin, Richard, sou of William Rathbone (1757-1809), 1817; brought out the Diary in 1844. Her publisher, Thomas Longman, made it an exact imitation of a seventeenth-century volume, and the Diary itself was an excellent imitation of a contemporary account of the civil war. A second part, carrying the narrative down to the Restoration, appeared in 1847.
  340. ^ John Rathbone (1750?–1807), artist; practised in Manchester, London, and Preston as a landscape painter, both in oil and water colour.
  341. ^ William Rathbone (1757–1809), merchant; was educated as a quaker, and took a prominent part in philanthropic enterprise in Liverpool; disowned by the Friends, 1805, for latitudinarian opinions,
  342. ^ William Rathbone (1787–1868), philanthropist; eldest son of William Rathboue (1757-1809); eminent in Liverpool as an educationist and philanthropist; mayor of Liverpool, 1837.
  343. ^ Wilson Rathborne (1748–1831), captain in the navy; entered the navy as an able seaman 1773: lieutenant, 1780; commander, 1795; O.B., 1815.
  344. ^ Gamaliel Ratsey (d. 1605), highwayman; son of a well-to-do inhabitant of Market Deeping; took to evil courses when a boy and enlisted for service in Ireland in 1600; took to highway robbery on his return in. 1603; his exploits noted for daring and rough humour; hanged at Bedford. He is the hero of several ballads and two pamphlets.
  345. ^ James Rattee (1820–1855), wood-carver; commenced business in Cambridge in 1842, where he was employed by the Camden Society; his masterpiece is the reredos in Ely cathedral.
  346. ^ Sylvester Rattray (fl. 1650–1666), medical writer; practised in Glasgow; author of two treatises.
  347. ^ Thomas Rattray (1684–1743), Scottish nonjuring bishop; consecrated, 1727, nonjuriug bishop of Brechin, and in the same year assisted to draw up the canons of the Scottish church: was not recognised by a section of the Scottish uoujuring bishops, because the Old Pretender had not assented to his election, and in consequence of some other points of difference; became bishop of Dunkeld, terms having been made in 1731; chosen primus in 1739, when a new dissension arose which remained unhealed until his death; his chief work was The Ancient Liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem posthumous, 1744.
  348. ^ John Raulston (d. 1452). See Ralston.
  349. ^ Matteo Rauzzini (1754–1791), singer ; brother of Veuanzio Rauzzini; born at Rome: came to England with his brother; professor of singing at Dublin.
  350. ^ Venanzio Rauzzini (1747–1810), tenor singer; musical composer and teacher; born at Rome; first appeared in England, 1774; devoted himself to teaching, 1777; several of his operas were produced in London.
  351. ^ Lord Ravelrig (1650?–1710). See John Maitland.
  352. ^ John Samuel Raven (1829–1877), landscape painter: frequently exhibited at the Royal Academy and British Institution.
  353. ^ Simon François Ravenet (1721?–1774), engraver: born in Paris: came to London, c. 1750, and founded an important school of line-engraving.
  354. ^ Edward Ravenscroft ( fl. 1671–1697), dramatist: member of the Middle Temple, 1671: Charles II and court pleased by his first play, Mamamouchi (taken from Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme), 1671; regarded by Dibdin as a mere plagiarist; ceased to write in 1697.
  355. ^ Thomas Ravenscroft (1592?–1635?), musician: published Pammelia the earliest col; r.:ii'K catches, and canons printed in Kngland, 1609, itixl:.- a supplementary collection, DeuteromeUa; pul)Ii-l.i"l his most famous work,The Whole Book of P-alni-V 1G21.
  356. ^ Richard de Ravenser (c. 1386), clerk in chancery and archdeacon of Lincoln; made keeper of the hanaper, i,ft7, iiml arrhdnumn of Lincoln, 1368; had temporary charge of the great seal, 1377 and 1386.
  357. ^ Ravensworth, second Baron and first Earl of (1707-1878). See Henry Thomas Liddell, seventh baronet.
  358. ^ Christian Ravis, Ravius, or Raue (1613-1677), orientalist and theologian; born at Berlin: M.A. Wittenberg, 1636; came to England, 1638, but (1639) proceeded to the Levant in search of manuscript; became a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1648; left England to become professor of oriental languages at Upsala, 1650: professor at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1672-7.
  359. ^ Thomas Ravis (1560?–1609), successively bishop of Gloucester and London: M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1582; D.D., 1595; vice-chancellor, 1596 and 1597; dean of Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1596-1605; consecrated bishop of Gloucester, 1605, and translated to London, 1607. He t assisted in translating the New Testament from 1604.
  360. ^ Christopher Rawdon (1780–1858), Unitarian benefactor; a mill-owner at Underbank: founded the Rawdon fund for augmenting the stipends of Unitarian ministers.
  361. ^ Sir George Rawdon , first baronet (1604–1684), soldier; in the service of the first and second Viscounts Conway; sat in the Irish parliament of 1639 as M.P. for Belfast; fought under Monck in the Irish rebellion, and continued to serve in Ulster till 1649: M.P., Carlingford (Irish parliament), 1660; actively promoted the Restoration after the Protector's death; created baronet, 1665.
  362. ^ Marmaduke Rawdon (1610–1669), traveller and antiquary; resided in the Canary islands, 1631-56; made extensive manuscript collections, and left an autobiography, edited for the Camden Society, 1863.
  363. ^ Francis Rawdon-Hastings (1754–1826). See Hastings.
  364. ^ Henry Augustus Rawes (1826–1885), Roman catholic divine; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1862; became a Roman catholic, 1856; created DJ). by Pius IX, 1875; well known in London as a preacher and writer. ist;
  365. ^ Francis Rawle (1660-1727), colonist; suffered persecution as a quaker, and (1686) emigrated to Pennsylvania, where he filled a number of important offices.
  366. ^ Richard Rawle (1812–1889), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1836; M.A., 1838: bishop of Trinidad, 1872-88.
  367. ^ Samuel Rawle (1771–1860), topographical engraver and draughtsman; engraved for the Gentleman's Magazine and other publications,
  368. ^ John Rawlet (1642–1686), divine, of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; well known as a preacher in the north of England; published religious treatises,
  369. ^ William Rawley (1588?–1667), the 'learned chaplain of Francis Bacon; B.A., fellow, and tutor of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1610: became Bacon's chaplain and amanuensis, 1618; D.D., 1621; edited Bacon's works and wrote his life.
  370. ^ Richard Rawlin (1687–1757), independent minister; went to London, 1730, and became pastor at Fetter Lane.
  371. ^ Richard Rawlins (d. 1536), bishop of St. David's; elected fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1480, and warden, 1508, but deprived, 1521; D.D., 1496: consecrated bishop, 1523.
  372. ^ Thomas Rawlins (1620?-1670), medallist and playwright; worked under Nicholas Briot at tl* .bllshed (If,; u-llion; a soeoeesfnl and actually installed at the Restoration.
  373. ^ Christopher Rawlinson (1677–1733), antiquary: of Queen's College, Oxford; with Edward Thwaites published Alfred's Saxon version of Boethius, 1698.
  374. ^ Sir Christopher Rawlinson(1806–1888), Indian judge: of the Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 183 1; barrister, Middle Temple, 1811; knighted, 1817; appointed chicf-jutkc of Madras, 1849, retiring, 1869. xlvil. 117)
  375. ^ Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson , first baronet (1810-1896). Assyriologist; entered the Bast India Company's military service, acquired a goal knowledge of Persian and the Indian vernaculars, and (1833-9) served in Persia: became political agent at Kandahar, 1840; distinguished himself in the Afghan war of 1841: became political agent in Turkish Arabia, 1843, and (1844) consul at Bagdad; deciphered the celebrated cuneiform inscription of Darius Hystaspes at Bchistan. 1846; returned to England, 1856; K.C.B., 1866; M.P., Reigate, 1858-9, Frome, 1866-8; became a member of the India council, 1868: created baronet, 1891; president of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1878-81, and of the Royal Geographical Society, 1871-2 and 1874-6, contributing many valuable papers to both societies.
  376. ^ John Rawlinson (1576–1631), principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; of Merchant Taylor's School, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1602: D.D., 1608; principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1610-31: chaplain in ordinary to James I; published sermons.
  377. ^ Richard Rawlinson (1690–1756), topographer and nonjuring bishop; son of Sir Thomas Rawlinson (1647-1708); of Eton and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1713: F.RA, 1714; was ordained a nonjuring priest, 1716, and devoted himself to antiquarian pursuits and foreign travel; created D.C.L. Oxford in his absence, 1719; consecrated bishop, 1728; left his valuable manuscripts to the Bodleian Library, among them collections for a continuation of Wood's Athens:; wrote or edited numerous topographical works.
  378. ^ Sir Robert Rawlinson (1810–1898), civil engineer: entered employ of Jeree Hartley L 1831, and of Robert Stephensou, 1836; chief engineer under Brldgewater trust, 1843-7: inspector under Public Health Act, 1848; chief engineering inspector to local government board, 1848-88; bead of sanitary commission sent by government to seat of war in Crimea, 1865; knighted, 1883; K.C.B., 1888; M.I.C.E., 1848, and president, 1894; published technical works and reports.
  379. ^ Sir Thomas Rawlinson (1647–1708), lord mayor of London; knighted, 1686; macter of the Vintners Company, 1687 and 1696; chosen lord mayor, 1705.
  380. ^ Thomas Rawlinson (1681–1725), bibliophile; eldest son of Sir Thomas RawlinMm (1647-1708); of Eton and St. John's College, Oxford: barrister. Middle Temple, 1705: travelled in England and the Low Countries, making collections of books, manuscripts, and pictures; hired London house (1716) for the reception of his library, from which he supplied valuable material for many scholars, including Thomas Hearne. His manuscripts are in the Bodleian Library. Addition satirised him as Tom Folio ( faffer, No. 158).
  381. ^ Sir Thomas Rawlinson (d. 1769), lord msyor of London; grandson of Sir Thomas Hawlinson (1471708) tq. T.; master of the Grocers Company: elected lord mayor, 1753; knighted, 1760.
  382. ^ Sir William Rawlinson (1640–1696), serjeant-at-law; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1667: practised as a chancery lawyer: serjeant-at-law, 1686: a commissioner of the great seal, 1689-93; knighted, 1689.
  383. ^ George Rawson (1807–1889), hymn-writer: practised as a solicitor at Leeds; wrote many hymns Including By Christ redeemed 4 A
  384. ^ John Rawson, Viscount Clontarff (1470?-1547), joined the knights of St. John, 1497, and (1511) became prior of Kilmainham and head of the order in Inland: made treasurer of Ireland, 1517; on the dissolution of the order of the knight* of St. John by Henry VIII wa. created viscount, 1541.
  385. ^ Sir William Rawson (1783–1827), oculist; son . Henry Adams; M.R.O.S., 1807; established himself in London, 1810, and (1814) was made surgeon and oculist extraordinary to George, the prince regent; knighted, 1814; took hia wife's name, Rawson, 1825; published three treatises on the eye.
  386. ^ Benjamin Ray (1704–1760), antiquary; numismatist; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1730; perpetual curate of Oowbit and Surtieet; secretary of the known Gentlemen's Society at Spalding, 1735, and afterwards vice-president.
  387. ^ James Ray (fl. 1746–1746), chronicler of the '45; was with the Duke of Cumberland army at Oulloden; published A Complete History of the Rebellion 1746.
  388. ^ John Ray (1627–1705), naturalist; spelt his name Wray until 1670; at first of Catharine Hall, Cambridge; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1649-62; M.A., 1651; junior dean, 1658; commenced his botanical tours, 1658, and with Francis Willughby agreed to attempt a systematic description of the whole organic world, himself undertaking the plants, 1662; published (1670) 0atalogus Plantarum Angliae which was recast (1690) as Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Britaunicarum: on the death of Willughby (1672) took up his friend's unfinished zoological labours; published (1682) his Methodus Plantarum Nova in which he first showed the true nature of buds, and employed the division of Sowering plants into dicotyledons and monocotyledons; produced (1686) the first volume of his general His tori a I'l uitarum which was followed by a second volume in 1688, and by a third in 1704; devoted his attention to insects from 1690, and at his death left a completed classification and a less complete history of the group, in which he practically adopted the modern division of inaepts into the Metabola and Ametabola. His herbarium was placed in the botanical section of the British Museum in 1862; his library was sold by auction in 1707. His varied labours have justly caused him to be regarded as the father of natural history in this country, and as a botanist he has won the highest commendation from his greatest successors...
  389. ^ Martha Ray (rf. 1779), mistress of the Earl of Sa-id wieh; daughter of a London stay maker; possessed a fine voice, and was a favourite pupil of Guardini. She became the mistress of Sandwich about the age of eighteen, and influenced naval appointments made by him; was shot dead while leaving Coveut Garden Theatre by Jamea Hackman
  390. ^ Thomas Matthew Ray (1801–1881), secretary of the Loyal National Repeal Association: a protégé of Daniel O'Connell; became secretary of the associat.oa in 1840; possessed great powers of organisation.
  391. ^ Jacob Rayman (fl. 1641–1648), violin-maker; possibly a Tyrolese by birth; regarded as the founder of violin-making in England. He lived in Southwark.
  392. ^ Raymond le Gros (d. 1182). See Raymond Fitzgerald.
  393. ^ Sir Robert Raymond, first Baron Raymond (1673-1733), lord chief-justice: only son of Sir Thomas Raymond: barrister. Gray's Inn, 1697; solicitorKewral, 1710-14; knighted, 1710; attorney -general, 1720-i; conservative M.P. for Bwhop's Cattle, 1710-13, Yarmouth (Ule of Wluht), 1716-17 (unseated on petition), Ludlow, 1719-22, Hasten. 1722-4; appointed a puisne judge in the king's bench, 1724; nominated lord chief-justice, 1725; created baron, 1781.
  394. ^ Sir Thomas Raymond (1627–1683), judge; barr, Gray's Inn, 1660; serjeant-at-law, 1677; became a . e on the exchequer bench, 1679; knighted, 1679 transferred to the common pleas, 1680; advanced to the king's bench. 1680.
  395. ^ Thomas Raynalde (fl. 1540–1551), physician : trjinsliiti-d Eucharius Roesslin's De Partu Hominis 1515. He is probably distinct from Thomas Reynold.
  396. ^ Lionel Benjamin Rayner (1788?–1865), actor ; appeared at Druy Lane, London, 1 822, after acting in the country, and (1831) opened Rayner's New Subscription Theatre, where the Strand Theatre, London, now stands; retired from the stage almost ruined by the venture; a good serio-comic actor.
  397. ^ Samuel Rayner (fl. 1841–1872), water-colour painter; painted interiors of abbeys, churches, and mansions in the style of George Cattermole.
  398. ^ John Rea (d. 1681), nursery gardener; lived at Kinlet in Worcestershire; published Flora, or a Complete Florilege 1666.
  399. ^ Angus Bethune Reach ( 1821–1856), journalist; studied at Edinburgh University; became parliamentary reporter to the Morning Chronicle and wrote largely for other periodicals; published novels, and (1849) joined the staff of Punch.
  400. ^ Catherine Read (d. 1778), portrait-painter ; for some years a fashionable artist in London, exhibiting portraits of several of the royal family.
  401. ^ Charles Anderson Read (1841–1878), miscellaneous writer; failed in business and took to literature as a profession; published The Cabinet of Irish Literature (4 vols. 1876-8) and other works.
  402. ^ David Charles Read (1790–1851), painter and etcher; began work as an etcher at Salisbury, 1826, and produced numerous plates, 1826-44; devoted himself to painting in oils after 1846.
  403. ^ John Read (fl. 1587–1588), surgeon; practised in Gloucester, and from 1588 in London; published a treatise on wounds, 1588.
  404. ^ Nicholas Read (d. 1787), sculptor; pupil of Louis Francois Roubiliac, whose extravagant style he imitated.
  405. ^ Richard Read 1745?–1790?), engraver in stipple and mezzotint.
  406. ^ Samuel Read (1815?–1883), water-colour painter ; began to exhibit, 1857; his early sketches chiefly architectural; tried landscape-painting at a later period, but attained little success.
  407. ^ Thomas Read or Reade (1606–1669), royalist; nephew of Sir Francis Windebank: was appointed Latin secretary to the crown for life, 1620: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1626; D.O.L., 1638; on the outbreak of the civil war enlisted at Oxford as a royalist; went abroad, 1648, and soon afterwards was ordained a Roman catholic priest at Douay; returned at the Restoration, and lived in London.
  408. ^ Sir William Read (d. 1715), empiric : originally a tailor; became an itinerant quack: knighted (1705) for curing seamen and soldiers of blindness gratis; became oculist to Queen Anne, c. 1705, and acquired great wealth.
  409. ^ William Read (1795?–1866), Irish verse-writer; published two volumes of Irish verse, 1818 and 1821.
  410. ^ Charles Reade (1814–1884), novelist and dramatist; grandson of John Scott (1747-1819); elected fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1835, but while retaining his fellowship and college rooms till his death, spent much of his time in London; M.A., 1838; Vinerian fellow. 1842; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1843; Started as an author with dramas, of which the first appeared at the Olympic, London, in 1851, and the most successful, Masks and Faces at the Haymarket, London, in 1852: turned his Masks and Faces into a novel under the title of Peg Woffington 1852, which attained immense popularity; brought out It is never too late to mend 1858, the first instance of his employment of fiction to expose social abuses; published his great historical novel, The Cloister and the Hearth,* 1861, and (1868) 'Hani Ca,h;,,ui,l,,l,l (1867)Griffith Gaunt, 1 was with I Mm Uoucicault wrote his novelFoul 1869; pp-hu.nl the autobiographicalTerrible Tempt*tion whi.-h scandalised the American reviewer-. ni-vi-r m cm-red from the blow caused by the death of his irii-iid Laura Seymour, the actress, 1879; gave m.. his time and money toward* helping the poor. At his bast lie was an admirable storyteller, but be had an unfortunate weakness for exaggerated effects.
  411. ^ Edward Anderdon Reade (1807–1886), Anglo-Indian official: brother of Charles Reade; entered the East India Company's service, 1823; senior civilian at Agra on the outbreak of the mutiny with John Russell Colvin, and after Coltvin's death took temporary command; earned the gratitude of the loyal after the mutiny by interposing to shield them from an Indiscriminate spirit of vengeance, and received many tokens of their affection; retired 1860, and was made C.B.
  412. ^ John Edmund Reade (1800–1870), poetaster and novelist; chiefly remarkable for his talent for plagiarism, Byron serving as bis chief model. In his longest poem, Italy he reproduced the dying gladiator.
  413. ^ Joseph Bancroft Reade (1801–1870), chemist, microscoplst, and photographic discoverer; of Trinity and Caius Colleges, Cambridge; M.A., 18S8; was successively rector of Stone (l3-59), Ellesborough ( 1889-63), and Bisbopsbourne (1863-70); F.R., 1838; discovered (1839) a method of separating heat-rays from those of light, and effected improvements in photography; inventedReade's kettledrum(1881), a hemispherical condenser for the microscope.
  414. ^ Robert Reade (d. 1415), successively bishop of Waterford and Lismore, Carlisle, and Chichester; probably appointed to Waterford and Lismore, 1394; translated to Carlisle, 1396, and again to Chichester, 1397.
  415. ^ William Winwood Reade (1838–1875), traveller, novelist, and controversialist; nephew of Charles Reade ; of Magdalen Hall, Oxford; between 1H62 and 1866 travelled extensively in Western Africa: a special correspondent in the Ashanti war, 1873: published novels, and wrote against Roman Catholicism and other forms of religion.
  416. ^ William Reader (fl. 1680), portrait-painter; chiefly known by his portrait of John Blow.
  417. ^ William Reader (1782–1852), topographer; was in early life a printer at Coventry, but died in poverty in London; wrote on Coventry topography,
  418. ^ Burnet Reading (fl. 1776–1822), engraver and draughtsman; practised in London, and illustrated Granger's History of England (1820 and 1822 and other works.
  419. ^ John Reading (1588 - 1667), prebendary of Canterbury; of Magdalen Hall and St. Mary HalL Oxford; M.A., 1610; chaplain to Charles I; prebendary of Canterbury, 1643; his livings sequestered and himself imprisoned by the parliamentarians, but restored to his prebend after the Restoration; published doctrinal works of Calvinistic character.
  420. ^ John Reading (d. 1692), musician and author of Dulce Domum; was organist of Winchester Cathedral (1675-81), of Winchester College, 1681-92; composed the Winchester College song, Dulce Domum
  421. ^ John Reading (1677–1764), organist; became organist at Lincoln Cathedral, 1702, and ultimately master of the choristers; organist in London after 1707; published two elaborate books of songs and anthems, and composed the tune, Adeste Fideles (well known as come, all ye faithful).
  422. ^ Robert de Reading (d. 1325), historian; a monk of Westminster; author of the portion of the Floras Historiarum from 1307 to 1326.
  423. ^ William Reading (1674–1744), library keeper at Sion College, London Wall, London; B.A., University College, Oxford, 1697; M.A. St. Mary HalL Oxford, ..;;:.:-.:, - r........ -;,,, 708; published an excellent Greek and LedlUoaol the early ecclesiastical historians, 1710. xlvll. iw)
  424. ^ William James Durant Ready (18*1 . -;,-.,,.,..,,.,;,.. v,..,. J*L; *?**** Ohl6fljr oanei o" " * " xlrtLIWJ
  425. ^ Florence MacCarthy Reagh (1562?–1640?). See MacCarthy Reagh.
  426. ^ Barons Reay. See MACKAY, SIR DONALD, flrst " 9; MACKAY, SIR J T,
  427. ^ Stephen Reay (1782-1861), orientalist; M.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1821: B.D. 1841; Ttoe-princtaai of 6t Alban Hall: sab-librarian of tot Bodleian Library, 1828-61; Laudian professor of Arabic, 1840-61.
  428. ^ Biagio Rebecca (1734–1808), painter; born in Italy; painted portraits and historical subject* of little m.Tit, but was skilled in decorative painting; A.R.A., '71.
  429. ^ Robert Recorde (1510?–1558), mathematician: B.A. and perhaps M.A. Oxford; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1531; taught mathematics and other subjects both at Cambridge and Oxford; died in prison in South war k, probably in debt; be was the flrrt writer in English on arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy, and introduced algebra into Jfrgland; publishing The Grotmde of Artes (1640), The Pathway to Knowledge on geometry (1551), "The Castle of Knowledge on astronomy (1551), "The Whetstone of Witte on algebra (1567), and other works, some of which are lost. He discovered the method of extracting the square root of multinomial algebraic expression*, and was the first to use the Kign =.
  430. ^ James Reddie (1773 - 1852), legal author; studied at Edinburgh University and Glasgow College; a Scottish advocate and town clerk of Glasgow, 1804-62. He published lour legal works.
  431. ^ Cyrus Redding (1786–1870), journalist; worked as a journalist in London, Paris, and the Went of England; from 1841 devoted himself more exclusively to Ixiokinaking; published numerous works, including a History and Description of Modern Wines 1833.
  432. ^ Samuel Reddish (1736–1785), actor; made a reputation in Dublin and appeared at Drury Lane, London, 1767, where he remained during ten seasons; acted at Covent Garden, London, 1778, but lost his reason, 1779; died a lunatic at York asylum.
  433. ^ Leman Thomas Rede (or Tertius) (1799–1832), miscellaneous writer; took to the stage and taught elocution; published a Memoir of George Canning ( 1827) and other works.
  434. ^ Sir Richard Rede (1811–1679), master of requests; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1628; D.C.L., 164U; knighted, 1546; became lord chancellor of Ireland. 1546, and ( 1648) master of requests in England.
  435. ^ Sir Robert Rede (d. 1519), chief-justice of the common pleas; made justice of the king's bench, 1496; knighted, 1495; made chief- justice of the common pleas, 1506; he founded three public lectureships at Cambridge, the endowment being reorganised in 1868, when it was directed that one lecture should be delivered annually by a man of eminence in science or literature.
  436. ^ William Rede or Reade (d. 1385), bishop of Chichester; of Exeter and Merton Colleges, Oxford; fellow of Merton College, Oxford; consecrated bishop at Avignon, 1368; a trier of petitions in various parliaments, 1868-80: built the library at Merton College, Oxford, and bequeathed It many manuscripts: enjoyed a high reputation as a mathematician and astrologer.
  437. ^ William Leman Rede (1802–1847), dramatist; was brother of Leman Thomas Rede, the two being known as the inseparables; wrote farces and extravaganzas.
  438. ^ Rederech (fl. 573–590). See Rhydderch Hale.
  439. ^ Redesdale, Earl of (1805–188C). See John Thomas Freeman-Mitford.
  440. ^ Barons Redesdale. See MITPORD, JOHN FRKEMak -, first BARON, 1748–1830 ; MITFORD, JOHN THOMAS, Fhkkman -, second BARON, 1805–1886.
  441. ^ Robin of Redesdale (fl. 1469). See Robin.
  442. ^ James Frank Redfern (1838–1876), sculptor; began to exhibit at the Royal Academy in 1859, and executed manv works for Gothic church decoration.
  443. ^ George Redford (1785–1860), nonconformist divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1811; lion. LL.D. Glasgow, 1834: founded the Congregational Magazine: independent minister at Uxbridge, 1812-26, and Worcester, 1826-56.
  444. ^ Sir Henry Redford (d. 1404?), speaker of the House of Commons; represented Lincolnshire in parliament, 1400-1, 1402, and 1404; privy councillor, 1401; elected speaker, 1402.
  445. ^ John Redford (fl. 1535), musician, poet, and dramatist; said to have been organist and almoner at St. Paul's, London; composed instrumental works of great importance in musical history, twenty-three of which are in the famous manuscript written by Thomas Mulliner. Similar organ pieces are in the Additional MSS. at the British Museum.
  446. ^ Richard Redgrave (1804–1888), subject and landscape painter; brother of Samuel Redgrave; a student of the Royal Academy; R.A., 1851; became inspector-general for art in the government school of design in 1857, and also surveyor of the crown pictures.
  447. ^ Samuel Redgrave (1802 - 1876), writer on art; successively private secretary to several English statesmen, including Lord John Russell; published his valuable Dictionary of Artists of the English School 1874, and was also the author of several other useful works on art.
  448. ^ Sir James William Redhouse (1811–1892), oriental scholar: educated at Christ's Hospital, London; employed at Constantinople under the Turkish government and afterwards in the Turkish navy; secretary, Royal Asiatic Society, 1861-4; K.C.M.G., 1888; leading authority on the Osmanli-Turkish language, publishing several treatises and dictionaries in connection with it.
  449. ^ Sir Thomas Nicholas Redington 1815-1862), Irish administrator; educated at Oscott College and Christ's College, Cambridge; liberal M.P. for Dundalk, 1837-46; appointed under-secretary of state for Ireland, 1846; K.C.B., 1849.
  450. ^ John Redman (1499–1551), master of Trinity College, Cambridge; of Corpus Christi College, Oxford and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A. Cambridge, 1630; D.D., 1637; became a fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1530, Lady Margaret professor, 1538-44 and 1549; first master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546-51.
  451. ^ Sir Richard Redman (d. 1426), speaker of the House of Commons; M.P. for Yorkshire between 1406 and 1421; elected speaker, 1415.
  452. ^ Richard Redman (d. 1505), successively bishop of St Asaph, Exeter and Ely;Probably great-grandson of Sir Richard Redman q. v.; perhaps educated at Cambridge; was abbot of Shap; consecrated bishop of St. Asaph, 1471, translated to Exeter, 1496, and to Ely 1601. He restored the cathedral of St. Asaph.
  453. ^ Thomas Redmond (1745?–1785), miniature painter; practised at Bath; exhibited at the Royal Academy and elsewhere.
  454. ^ Peter Redpath (1821–1894), Canadian merchant and philanthropist; a leading citizen of Montreal; made munificent donations to the McGill College and University, including a caair of natural philosophy (1871) and: the Redpath Museum and Library.
  455. ^ Family of Redvers, so named from the vill of Reviers in the Bessin, held lauds in Devonshire and other parte of England after the Conquest. Among its members were Baldwin of Moeles (d. 1 100 V), brother of Richard de Clare (d. 1090 ?), and Baldwin of Redvew, first earl of Devon The earldom became extinct in 1262 and the family in 1293.
  456. ^ Redwald or Raewald (d. 627?), king of the East-Angles; reigned during the supremacy of Ethelbert (552?-616), king of Kent, under whose influence he accepted Christianity; subsequently worshipped Christ and his old gods at the same time, threw off the control of Ethelbert, and became fourth Bretwalda; defeated Ethelfrid on the bank of the Idle, 617, and placed Edwin q. vJ ou the throne of Northumbria.
  457. ^ Richard Reece (1775–1831), physician ; M.R.C.S., 1796: obtained a considerable practice in London, and. published a number of medical treatises.
  458. ^ Robert Reece (1838–1891), dramatist; born in Barbados; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1864; student at the Inner Temple, 1860; began to write in 1865, and produced a number of comic pieces and librettos.
  459. ^ Robert Redman (d. 1540), printer; started business in London, c. 1525; known chiefly as printer of law books.
  460. ^ William Redman (d. 1602), bishop of Norwich;  ? W o f Trinlt y College, Cambrfdge; M.A., 1666; D.D. e. 1678; consecrated bishop, 1695; described by Chamberlain M one of the wisest of his coat
  461. ^ Alfred German Reed (1847-1895), actor; son of Thomas German Reed; entered into partnership with Richard Corney Grain on his parents' retirement, for the purpose of continuing the Entertainment and directed thn dramatic part of the performances.
  462. ^ Andrew Reed (1787–1862), philanthropist and independent minister; pastor of the New Road Chapel, London, 1811-31, and of Wycliffe Chapel, London, 18311861; commenced the formation of the London Orphan Asylum, 1813, of the Infant Orphan Asylum, 1827, of the Reedham Orphan Asylum, 1841, and of the Hospital for Incurables, 1855; author of several well-known hymns.
  463. ^ Sir Charles Reed (1819–1881), chairman of the London school board; son of Andrew Reed: was the founder of the type-founding firm, Sir Charles Reed & Sons, Limited; interested himself in education from early life, and devoted his public life to the affairs of the London school board, of which be was chairman, 1870-81: knighted, 1874; M.P., St. Ives, 1880. He was also an antiquary of some note.
  464. ^ Charles Edward Baines Reed (1845–1884), secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society; eldest son of Sir Charles Reed; of the City of London School and Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1868; one of the secretaries of the Bible Society, 1874-84.
  465. ^ Isaac Reed (1742–1807), editor of Shakespeare ; had a good practice as a conveyancer, but devoted himself as much as possible to literature and archaeology; collected a valuable library at Staple Inn, and (1781) furnished Johnson with notes for his l Lives of the Poets; publishedBiographia Dramatica (see Baker, David Erskine), 1782 and 1785, re-edited Johnson and Steevens's edition of Shakespeare; produced (1803) an elaborate edition of Shakespeare, known as the first variorum.
  466. ^ Joseph Reed (1723–1787), dramatist; by trade a ropemaker; produced several plays, which were acted at the London theatres with indifferent success, including a comic opera adapted from Fielding's Tom Jones; as a pungent controversialist was to the front with an attack on Smollett, 1759, and a defence of Garrick, 1772.
  467. ^ Joseph Charles Reed (1822–1877), landscape painter; exhibited chiefly at the gallery of the New Water-colour Society.
  468. ^ Priscilla Reed (1818–1895), actress ; nee Horton; went on the stage at the age of ten and acted at Coveut Garden, the Haymarket, and other Ixiion theatres, in tragedy: married Thomas German Reed {q. v., 1844: pOHSeased a fine contralto voio-: win npaK-l in later life iu theGerman Reed EnU-rtainmcnt
  469. ^ Talbot Baines Reed (1852–1893), writer of boys' books; son of Sir Charles Reed; published a iweful History of Old Einrlish Iticr-fouiiilriw 1887, but U better known for his tales of school-life and other books for boys.
  470. ^ Sir Thomas Reed (1796–1883), general; entered the army, 1813; commanded a brigade at Perozeshah, 1846, was In command of the forces in the Punjab on the outbreak of the mutiny, 1847; general. 1868; C.O.B., 1875.
  471. ^ Thomas German Reed (1817–1888), musician; first appeared at the Bath concert* at the age of ten; became musical director at the Haymarket, London, 1838, and with bis wife, Priscilla Heed, commenced Mr. and Mrs. German Iteed's Entertainment in order to provide dramatic amusement for persons reluctant to visit illMltli., 1855. The entertainment* began at St. Martin's Hall, 1865, and were removed to 14 Regent Street, 1856, and to St. George's Hall, 1874. They were subsequently carried on by the son, Alfred German Heed
  472. ^ John de Reede, Baron Reede (1593–1683), of Dutch parentage; acquired title and landa of Ren-woudf, 1623, and was elected to the States-General of Holland; came to England as joint-ambassador extraordinary, in the attempt to reconcile Charles I and the parliament, 1644, on which occasion he was crated a baron by Charles I; failed in consequence of the resentment felt by the Commons at the interposition of the ambassadors, and shortly returned to Holland, where he was afterwards president of the States-General.
  473. ^ Abraham Rees (1743–1825), cyclopaedist; was resident tutor at the independent academy at Hoxton, 1762-85; tutor in Hebrew and mathematics at Hackney College, 1786-96, and pastor to the Old Jewry congregation, London, 1783-1825; re-edited theCyclopaediaof Ephraim Chambers, 1778, 1781-6, and 1788-91; engaged between 1802 and 1830 onThe New Cyclopedia which appeared in forty-five volumes.
  474. ^ David Rees (1801–1869), independent minister and editor; minister at Capel Al, Llanelly; edited the Diwygiwr Reformer), a monthly political journal, 1*35-65.
  475. ^ George Rees (1776–184C), medical writer ; M.D. Glasgow, 1801; practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1808; medical superintendent of the Cornwall lunatic asylum, Bodmin; published medical treatises.
  476. ^ George Owen Rees (1813–1889), physician; M.D. Glasgow, 1836; physician at Guy's Hospital, London, 1866-79; Gulstonian lecturer, 1846, Croonian lecturer, 1856-8, Harveian orator, 1869, and senior censor, Royal College of Physicians, 1863-4; was constantly associated with Alfred Swaine Taylor in important criminal investigations; one of the flrrt to turn his attention to the chemistry of the urine. Journal; subsequently practi
  477. ^ Henry Rees (1798-1869), Calvinistic methodist leader; superintendent of the Liverpool churches, 1836-1869; as a preacher had hardly a rival in the denomination,
  478. ^ Josian Rees (1744–1804), Welsh presbyterian minister; minister of Gellionen, 1766-1804; and made important contributions to Welsh literature, including fie vi- ra 1 1 iy m 1 1 -.
  479. ^ Owen Rees (1770–1837), publisher; son of Josiah Rees; was a partner of Thomas Norton Longman (q. v., and an intimate friend of the poet Moore.
  480. ^ Rice Rees (1804–1839), Welsh historical scholar, fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, 1828; M.A., 1828; professor at St. David's, Lampeter; published an Essay on toe Welsh Saints 1836.
  481. ^ Thomas Rees (1777–1864), Unitarian minister and historical writer, brother of Owen Rees; hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1819: mim-trr in sumford Mreet. Ulackfrlars, London. 1823-31; had great knowledge of the history of auti-trinitarian opinion.
  482. ^ Thomas Rees (1816–1884), independent minister ; odd several charges In Wales, and wrote on Welsh nonconformist history.
  483. ^ William Rees (1802-1883), Welsh minister and author; brother of Henry Ren; held ministerial office in Liverpool for thirty-two years (1848-76); exerted a powerful influence on the politics, poetry, and literature of Wales; powesMd great literary versatility, appearing in prose as a biographer, novelist, journalist, divine, and even dramatist, and writing lyric, epic, and occasional
  484. ^ William Jenkins Rees (1772-1855), Welsh antiquary; M.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1797; prebemlarjr of Brecon, 1820-66, and one of the editors of the Welsh MSS. Society.
  485. ^ Clara Reeve (1729–1807), novelist; first attempted authorship, 1772, and (1777) produced her most famous work, The Champion of Virtue entitled in the second and all subsequent editions The Old English Baron.
  486. ^ Edmund Reeve (1586?–1647), judge; of Caius College, Cambridge; became member of Gray's Inn, 1607; reader, 1632; justice of common pleas, 1639; adhered to parliament on the outbreak of war.
  487. ^ Edmund Reeve (d, 1660), divine; was ejected from his vicarage of Hayes-cum- Norwood by the parliamentarytrier; wrote on behalf of the high church party.
  488. ^ Henry Reeve (1780–1814), physician; helped to found (1805) the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical; practised at Norwich.
  489. ^ Henry Reeve (1813–1895), man of letters; son of Henry Reeve; joined the staff of the Times 1840, and guided ite foreign policy for fifteen years; editor of the Edinburgh Review 1856-95; edited the Greville Memoirs 1865; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1869; C.B., 1871; vice-president, Society of Antiquaries, 18791882; hadd many friends among men of letters in all parts of Europe.
  490. ^ John Reeve (1608–1658), sectary; originally a puritan; became a universalist; presented himself and his cousin, Lodowicke Muggleton, as thetwo witnessesof Revelation, 1652; formulated the six foundations of the Muggletonian theology, but had a distinct following known as Reevites.
  491. ^ John Reeve (1799–1838), actor; began at an amateur, while still a banker's clerk, but in 1819 appeared at Drury Lane, London, as a mimic, and afterwards appeared successfully in comedy and farce at several London theatres; was addicted to excessive drinking and constantly failed to learn his parts, but was so great a favourite with the public that managers were compelled to engage him.
  492. ^ Joseph Reeve (1733–1820), biblical scholar and Latin poet; became a Jesuit, 1770; chaplain to Lord Clifford, 1767-1820; published, among other works, a History of the Bible 1780.
  493. ^ Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814–1868), conchologist; set up a natural-history shop in King William Street, Strand, London: F.L.8., 1846; K.GJ3., 1863; published many works, including Conchologia Iconic* 1843-78 (completed by George Brettingbam Sowerby, 1812-1884 ).
  494. ^ Richard Reeve (1642–1693), Benedictine monk; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1666; joined Roman catholic church, 1667; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1668; was master of Magdalen School, Oxford, 1670-1; went in 1674 to Douay, where he became a monk; returned to England, 1688; published Latin treatises.
  495. ^ Thomas Reeve (1594–1672), royalist divine; M.A. Cains College, Cambridge, 1617: D.D., 1660; incumbent of Waltham Abbey, Essex; published devotional works.
  496. ^ Sir Thomas Reeve (d. 1737), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1713, Ix-m-her, I72u, reader, 1722; K.C., 1718; became judge of the common pleas, 1733; knighted, 1781; became chief-justice of the common pleas in 1736.
  497. ^ William Reeve (1757–1815), actor and musical compOM-T; became an organist, but accepted the post of composer to Astley's (1783); appeared at the Royalty, London, 1787; a successful composer of dramatic music In later life.
  498. ^ Charles Reeves (1816-1866), architect; became architect to the county courts in England and Wales, 1847, and designed sixty-four new courts in various parts of the country.
  499. ^ John Reeves (1752?–1829), king's printer; of Eton and Merton College, Oxford: B.A., 1776; fellow of Queen V College, Oxford, 1778; M.A., 1778; barrister, Middle Temple, 1779, bencher, 1824: a commissioner of bankruptcy, 1780: appointed king's printer. 1800; author of aHistory of English Law* (5 voLs. 1783-1829) and other works.
  500. ^ John Reeves (1774–1856), naturalist ; educated at Christ's Hospital, London; was an inspector of tea in China in the service of the East India Company (1812-31), and devoted his leisure to the study of the natural products of the country, of which he transmitted many specimens to England; F.RJS. and F.L.S., 1817.
  501. ^ John Sims Reeves (1818–1900), tenor vocalist; assumed name of Sims, c. 1847; studied pianoforte under Johann Baptist Cramer, singing under Tom Cooke and J. W. Hobbs; first appeared publicly as vocalist, 1839, at Newcastle; sang at Grecian Theatre, City Road, London, 1842, and joined Macready's Drury Lane Company; studied under Bordogni in Paris and Alberto Mazzucato hi Milan; appeared with success at Drury Lane, London, 1847; made first appearances in oratorio at Worcester and Norwich, 1848, and thenceforward ranked as the premier English tenor; professor of singing at Guildhall School of Music; published Life and Recollections 1888, and My Jubilee 1899.
  502. ^ William Reeves (1667–1726), divine; fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and M.A., 1692; became. chaplain to Queen Anne; published the Apologies of Justin Martyr, Tertullian, and Minucius Felix a trans- j lation, 1716.
  503. ^ William Reeves (1815–1892), Irish antiquary and bishop of Down, Connor, and Drornore; Berkeley j medallist, and (1837) M.B. (B.A., 1835) Trinity College, Dublin; consecrated bishop, 1886; published Acts of Archbishop Colton 1850, and his most famous work, The Life of St. Columba 1867.
  504. ^ Morice Regan (fl. 1171), Irish interpreter; was in the service of Diarmaid MacMurchada as interpreter and herald; wrote an account of the English invasion,
  505. ^ Regenbald (fl. 1062–1066), chancellor of Edward the Confessor; witnessed several charters as caucellarius; appears in Domesday as holding land in several counties.
  506. ^ Assuerus Regimorter or Regermorter (1614-1650), physician; practised in London; M.D. Leyat Oxford, Gulstonian lecturer, 1645, and censor, 1649; part-author of the famous Tractatus de Rachitide 1650.
  507. ^ Reginald (fl. 1125), reputed chancellor of England; was, according to Lelaud, chancellor to Henry I.
  508. ^ Reginald of Coldingham, or of Durham (fl. 1162-1173), hagiologist; a monk of Durham; wrote the life of Godric, of St. Cuthbert, of Oswald (605 ?-642), and of St. Ebba. The first two have been edited for the Surtees Society.
  509. ^ Reginald, Earl of Cornwall (d. 1175), natural son of Henry I; made Cornwall a basis of operations against King Stephen, and was created earl by the Empress Matilda in 1141; remained attached to Henry II until his death.
  510. ^ Reginald Fitzjocelin (1140?-1191). See Fitzjocelin.
  511. ^ Reginald (d. 1200), abbot of Walden ; became prior in 1164 and abbot in 1190, on the elevation of the priory into an abbey; erroneously reckoned among the chancellors of England.
  512. ^ Giulio Regondi (1822–1872), guitarist and concertina-player; born at Geneva; arrived in England, 1831, and afterwards developed the capabilities of the concertina.
  513. ^ Regulus or Rule (fl. 8th cent.?), saint; was the legendary founder of the see of St. Andrews, and is a leading character in the story of the jourueyings of the relics of St. Andrew.
  514. ^ Alexander Reid or Rhead (1586?–1641), anatomist and surgeon; educated at Aberdeen University (M.A. after 1600); afterwards studied surgery in France; practised in North Wales, acquired fame as a surgeon, and (1632) was appointed lecturer on anatomy at Barber Surgeons Hall; published.a number of medical works, but made no original additions of importance to the theory of medicine.
  515. ^ Alexander Reid (1747–1823), painter; had a studio at Dumfries at the end of the eighteenth century, and is chiefly remembered hi connection with a miniature of Robert Burns, which he painted in 1796. Its identity is uncertain, but a miniature in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery is most probably the authentic portrait.
  516. ^ Alexander Reid (1802–1860), schoolmaster; M.A. Edinburgh; was proprietor and head-master of the Edinburgh Institution, 1850-8; published A Dictionary of English Language 1844 (18th edit. 1864).
  517. ^ Andrew Reid (d. 1767?), compiler; published several works on literary and scientific subjects between 1728 and 1767.
  518. ^ David Boswell Reid (1805–1863), inventor; son of Peter Reid q. v.l; obtained medical diploma at Edinburgh, 1830; taught chemistry privately at Edinburgh (1833-47) and published a work on Ventilation 1844, the principles laid down in it being adopted in the new houses ot parliament; died at Washington,
  519. ^ George William Reid (1819–1887), keeper of the department of prints and drawings in the British : Museum; appointed an attendant in the department, i 1842, assistant, 1865, and keeper, 1866; retimi, 18'83. His
  520. ^ Reginald called Godfreyson (d. 944?), king of the Danes; brother of Olaf (d. 941); was ruling In Northurnbria in 943 conjointly with Olaf (d. 981) q. r.J, and accepted Christianity.
  521. ^ Reginald or Rainald (d. 1097), abbot of Abingdon; a chaplain of William of Normandy, who gave him the abbacy of Abingdon in 1085. The convent was deprived of much of ite property by William Rufus.
  522. ^ Reginald of Canterbury (fl. 1112), Latin poet; native of Fagia, perhaps Tiffauges, in the north of Poitou; became a monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury. His gngest poem is the life of St. Malchus, a Syrian hermit. IK poems are among the Cotton MSB. and in the Bodleian Llorw 7
  523. ^ Hugo Reid (1809–1872), educational writer ; son of Peter Reid; went to the United States, 1868; for some years principal of Dalhousie College, Halifax, Nova Scotia; wrote a number of school text-books on scientific subjects.
  524. ^ James Seaton Reid (1798–1851), church historian; M.A. Glasgow, 1816; entered the Irish presbyterian ministry; hon. D.D. Glasgow, 1833; published a History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland of which the first volume appeared in 1833.
  525. ^ John Reid (1721–1807), general; entered the army, 1745; became general (1798) after considerable active service: a proficient flute player and a musical composer. He bequeathed 50,000l. to found a chair of music at Edinburgh University. The bequest took effect in 1839.
  526. ^ John Reid (1776–1822), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1798; practiml in Indun, ttml wrote- on Infinity (1816) and l Hynocuonlriaii.
  527. ^ John Reid (1808–1841?), compiler of Bibliotheca Scoto-Celtica; nephew of William M'Gavin (q. v.), a Glasgow bookseller. Hi- puiili-Jit.il his Bibliotheca r In IH:V..ni.l also wrote biographic* ami a book on Turkey, 1840; died at Hongkong, whither he had gone to edit an English journal and prepare a Chinese dictionary.
  528. ^ John Reid (1809–1849), anatomist; took his diploma at Edinburgh, 1840; Chandos professor of anatomy at St. Andrews 1841-9; published a collection of papers entitled Physiological, Anatomical, and Pathological Researches 1848.
  529. ^ Mayne Reid, originally Thomas Mayne (1818-1883), novelist; passed an adventurous life in the United States between 1840 and 1849, and served in the Mexican war, 1847; publishedThe Rifle Rangers I860, and from that time until bis death continued to write romances and tales of adventure, which attained great popularity among boys.
  530. ^ Peter Reid (1777–1838), educational reformer; studied medicine at Edinburgh University; succeeded in effecting important changes in the methods of teaching at Edinburgh University; was also known as a medical writer.
  531. ^ Richard Tuohill Reid (d. 1883), jurist; called to the Irish bar, 1853; was Perry professor of jurisprudence in Elphinstone College, Bombay, for over a quarter of a century; edited from 1864 the Reports of the High Court.
  532. ^ William Reid (1764–1831), minor poet; of Glasgow; wrote humorous verse in Scottish dialect.
  533. ^ Sir William Reid (1791-1858), major-general and colonial governor; entered tb. peditlon against New Orleans, 1816, and in the expedition against Algiers, 1816; while in the West Indies (1811-4) matariaUj Moped UM e fca kheorj oi hontasm puhlUhing (1838)An Attempt to develop the Law of Storms served in the British legion In Spain, coma brigade, 18U-6; P.R.S., 16S9; appointed nor of the Bermudas, when be was to active ti.:.i t..- i- nr. (1889) governor of in improving the condition of the people that be is still remembered as the good governor: transferred to Barbados M governor-in-chief of the Windward Wano. 1846, bat resigned, 1848; K.C.B., 1851: became governor of Malta, 1851-8; major-general, 1856; author of Important works on military subject*.
  534. ^ Robert Reid (d. 1558), bishop of Orkney; M.A. St. Andrews, 1515; became abbot of Kinloss, 1526, and frequently acted as secretary to James V of Scotland, who employed him on (several diplomatic missions to England and France; appointed bishop of Orkney, 1541; after James V's death supported Cardinal Beaton; took part in arranging (1558) Mary Stuart's marriage with the Dauphin; died on the way home, Knox accuses him of being a miser, but without justice.
  535. ^ Robert Reid (1776–1856), architect ; designed St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews, 1820.
  536. ^ Robert Reid (1773–1865), topographer and antiquary; educated at Glasgow University; a Glasgow merchant; published Glasgow Past and Present 1851-6, andGlasgow and ite Environs 1864, both of which works were reprinted in 1884 with additions.
  537. ^ Thomas Reid, Read, or Rhaedus (d. 1624), Latin secretary to James I; brother of Alexander Reid (1586?-1641); M.A. Aberdeen, 1600; taught humanity at Rostock for several years as a docent; became Latin secretary to James I, 1618. By his will he bequeathed his library to Aberdeen town and college, with an endowment, thus founding the first reference library In Scotland.
  538. ^ Thomas Reid (1710–1796), philosopher; graduated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1726: became librarian of Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1733; minister of New Machar in 1737, and professor of philosophy at Marischal College, Aberdeen, in 1751; hon. D.D. Marischal College, Aberdeen, 1762; published hisInquiry into the Human Mind 1764, an answer to Hume, and was appointed (1764) professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow, where he remained till his death; published his essay on the Intellectual Powers 1786, and that on the Active Power? 1788. He is the leading representative of the school of common sense, by which phrase he meant not vulgar opinion, but the beliefs common to rational beings as such. His most important doctrine was that belief in an external world is intuitive or immediate.
  539. ^ Thomas Reid (1791–1825), naval surgeon; laboured earnestly to improve the condition of prisoners in BatfUod, as well as of transported convicts; published two books of travels.
  540. ^ Sir Thomas Mayne Reid(1818-1883). See Mayne Reid.
  541. ^ Lord Reidfurd (1645?–1711). See James Foulis, 3rd Baronet.
  542. ^ Lord Reidie (d. 1683). See David Nevoy.
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