Varman dynasty (Cambodia)

The Varman dynasty (Khmer: រាជវង្សវរ្ម័ន) was the ruling dynasty of ancient Cambodia.

Varman dynasty
រាជវង្សវរ្ម័ន
Parent familyHouse of Kaundinya (lunar)
House of Kambuj (solar)
House of Mahidharapura
CountryFunan
Chenla
Khmer Empire
EtymologyVarman
Foundedlate 1st century
FounderKaundinyavarmandeva
Final headJayavarmadiparamesvara
Historic seatVyadhapura
TitlesKing of Funan
King of Chenla
King of the Khmer Empire
Members55
Connected membersJayavarman II
Suryavarman II
Jayavarman VII
Estate(s)Yasodharapura
Dissolution1336
Cadet branchesHouse of Mahidharapura

History

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The Varman Dynasty was established by King Kaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យវរ្ម័នទេវ), who married Queen Soma (Khmer: សោមា), who ruled the indigenous kingdom and established her spouse as the king of the Nokor Phnom or Funan kingdom, forming the Varman dynasty. There is evidence in the Sanskrit stone inscription mentioning that the Brahmin Kaundinya who received the magic spear from the Brahmin Ashwatthama (Sanskrit: अश्वत्थामा, Roman: Aśvatthāmā), the son of Drona (Sanskrit: द्रोण, Roman: Droṇa), had arrived in the kingdom of the Nāga (IAST: nāga; Devanāgarī: नाग) tribe and had finally waged a war and negotiated with them peacefully. Through marriage, Kaundinya Brahmin therefore was established as King Kaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យទី១), the first King of the Varman Dynasty.[1]

Zhou Daguan, the Chinese diplomat during the reign Emperor Nian Chengzong of the Nguyen dynasty traveled to Angkor in 1296 to record the traditions and places, including the royal family and court traditions which corresponds to the reign of King Indravarman III (ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី៣). Zhou Daquan was not the first Chinese to enter the kingdom but made the most detailed record of the lives of the Angkorians known as Zhenla Feng Tuji (Chenla Tradition Record). This record is an important record about Angkor and the Khmer Empire. In addition to the stone inscriptions and other documents depicting the daily lives of the residents of Angkor. From this record, the order of kings in the Varman dynasty is known in detail, which later became the original version of the Cambodian royal chronicles.[2][3]

Monarchs of the Varman dynasty

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Kingdom Title Reign Royal House Notes
Funan Kingdom Queen Soma (Liu-Yeh) late 1st cent.
Funan Kingdom Kaundinyavarmandeva late 1st cent.
Funan Kingdom Hun P'an-huang late 2nd cent. Fàn dynasty Founder of Vyadhapura, "city of the hunter king"[4]
Funan Kingdom Srei Meara (Fàn Shīmàn) 205–225 Fàn dynasty He was the first king from Fàn dynasty.
Funan Kingdom Fàn Jīnshēng 225 Fàn dynasty
Funan Kingdom Fàn Zhān 225–244 Fàn dynasty
Funan Kingdom Fàn Chāng 244 Fàn dynasty
Funan Kingdom Fàn Xún 244–289 Fàn dynasty
Funan Kingdom Fàn Tiānzhú 289–357 Fàn dynasty
Funan Kingdom Chandana (Chu Chān-t’án) 357–410 Murunda
Funan Kingdom Kaundinya II 410~434 Kaundinya
Funan Kingdom Srindravarman 434~478 Kaundinya
Funan Kingdom Kaundinyajayavarman 478 - 514 Kaundinya
Funan Kingdom Rudravarman I 514—540 Kaundinya The last Funan King
Funan Kingdom Queen Kulaprabhavati 514—517 Kaundinya Claimed to the throne (529—550)
Sreshthapura Srutavarman 550–555 Kambuj
Sreshthapura Sreshthavarman 555–560 Kambuj
Sreshthapura Queen Kambujarajalakshmi 575–580 Kambuj
Bhavapura Viravarman 560–575 Bhavapura
Chenla Kingdom Bhavavarman I 550—590 Bhavapura First King of the Chenla Kingdom
Chenla Kingdom Mahendravarman 590—611 Bhavapura
Chenla Kingdom Hiranyavarman I ~611 Bhavapura He reigned at the same time as Mahendravarman.
Chenla Kingdom
(Isanapura)
Isanavarman I 611–640 Vyadhapura Isanapura was found in 618 AD. Annexation of Funan was complete.
Chenla Kingdom Bhavavarman II 639–657 Vyadhapura
Chenla Kingdom Jayavarman I 640—681 Vyadhapura
Chenla Kingdom Queen Jayadevi 690—713 Vyadhapura
Sambhupura Sambhuvarman I 713–716 Sambhupura
Aninditapura Baladítya Unknown Baladityapura Founder of Baladityapura
Aninditapura Visvarupa Unknown Baladityapura
Aninditapura Nripatindravarman Unknown Baladityapura
Aninditapura Indraloka 716–730 Baladityapura
Aninditapura Sambhuvarman II 730–760 Baladityapura
Sambhupura Rajendravarman I 760–790 Baladityapura
Sambhupura Mahipativarman 790-802 Baladityapura Javanese Kingdom occupied the Chenla Kingdom.
Khmer Empire
(Indrapura)
Jayavarman II 802—850 House of Sambhupura First King of Khmer Empire, declared himself as Emperor at Mahendraparvata.
Khmer Empire Jayavardhana 850–877 Sambhupura He reigned the throne at Hariharalaya.
Khmer Empire Indravarman I 877–889 Baladityapura He reigned the throne at Hariharalaya.
Khmer Empire Yasovarman I 889—910 Yasodharapura Founder of Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Harshavarman I 910–925 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Ishanavarman II 925–928 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Jayavarman IV 928–941 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Harshavarman II 941–944 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Rajendravarman II 944–968 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Jayavarman V 968–1001 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Udayadityavarman I 1001–1002 Yasodharapura
Khmer Empire Jayaviravarman
(Narapativiravarman)
1002—1010 Yasodharapura Suryavarman I was son of King Jivaka of Shailendra dynasty, who usurped the throne.
Khmer Empire Suryavarman I
(Kambojaraja)
1002—1050 Shailendra His father was Jivaka (Sujitaraja), King of Tam-bralinga. He claimed the throne through his mother, a royal member descended from Fàn dynasty.
Khmer Empire Udayadityavarman II 1050-1066 Shailendra
Khmer Empire Harshavarman III 1066-1088 Shailendra
Khmer Empire Nripatindravarman 1088–1113 Shailendra He was the last king from Shailendra dynasty.
Khmer Empire Jayavarman VI 1082–1107 House of Mahidharapura He usurped the throne from Vimayapura.
He was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura. He built Prasat Phimai.
Khmer Empire Dharanindravarman I 1107–1113 Mahidharapura He reigned the throne from Vimayapura.
Khmer Empire Suryavarman II 1113–1145 Mahidharapura He was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura, who reigned in Yasodharapura.
Khmer Empire Dharanindravarman II 1150–1160 Mahidharapura
Khmer Empire Yasovarman II 1160–1165 House of Mahidharapura He was seized the throne by King Tribhuvanadityavarman, a Chinese nobleman.
Khmer Empire Tribhuvanadityavarman 1165–1177 He was executed during Champa attacked Angkor.
Khmer Empire Jayavarman VII 1181~1215 House of Mahidharapura He successfully expelled Champa and established Angkor Thom as the capital.
Khmer Empire Indravarman II ~1215-1243 Mahidharapura
Khmer Empire Jayavarman VIII 1243–1295 Mahidharapura
Khmer Empire Srindravarman 1295–1307 Mahidharapura
Khmer Empire Srindrajayavarman 1308–1327 Mahidharapura
Khmer Empire Jayavarman Paramesvara 1327–1336 House of Mahidharapura The last King of Cambodia whose name appears on a Sanskrit stone inscription
End of rule by the House of Mahidharapura

References

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  1. ^ Kaundinya,Preah thong,and_the "Nagi Soma" jstor.org.com
  2. ^ Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossab
  3. ^ Zhou Daguan (2007). A Record of Cambodia. Translated by Peter Harris. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-9749511244.
  4. ^ Hall, K. R. (1982). The “Indianization” of Funan: An Economic History of Southeast Asia's First State. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 13(1), 81–106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20070472