User:The man from Gianyar/Sandbox II

In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic.

Wilopo
Official portrait, 1958
7th Prime Minister of Indonesia
In office 3 April 1952 – 1 August 1953
Deputy	Prawoto Mangkusasmito
Preceded by	Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
Succeeded by	Ali Sastroamidjojo
Ministerial offices Minister of Defense Ad interim In office 2 June – 1 August 1953 Preceded by Hamengkubuwono IX Succeeded by Iwa Kusumasumantri Minister of Foreign Affairs Ad interim In office 3 April – 29 April 1952 Preceded by Achmad Soebardjo Succeeded by Mukarto Notowidigdo 9th Minister of Economic Affairs In office 16 July 1951 – 3 April 1952 Preceded by Sujono Hadinoto Succeeded by Soemanang 4th Minister of Labor In office 20 December 1949 – 21 January 1950 Preceded by Koesnan Succeeded by Soeroso
Legislative offices Speaker of the Constitutional Assembly In office 20 November 1956 – 5 July 1959 Member of the Constitutional Assembly In office 9 November 1956 – 5 July 1959 Member of the People's Representative Council In office 24 March – 1 December 1956
Advisory offices Chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council In office 4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978 Member of the Supreme Advisory Council In office 4 March 1968 – 31 March 1978
Personal details
Born	(1909-08-21)21 August 1909 Purworejo, Kedu Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died	1 June 1981(1981-06-01) (aged 71) Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting place	Tanah Kusir Cemetery
Political party	Partindo (1932–1936) Gerindo (1937–1942) PNI (1946–1973) PDI (1973–1981)
Spouse	Soemikalimah ​ (m. 1937)​
Alma mater	Rechts Hogeschool (Mr.)
Occupation	Politician lawyer

Wilopo (21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer. A capable administrator, he served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1952 to 1953. He also held various other positions during his career, including as Minister of Labor, Minister of Economic Affairs, speaker of the Constitutional Assembly, and chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council.

Born into a Muslim family in Purworejo, Wilopo attended the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta). During his studies, he was involved in various educational and nationalist groups, becoming active in the Indonesian nationalist movement. After graduating in 1939, Wilopo worked as a lawyer and was involved in several Japanese-sponsored organizations during the their occupation period (1942–1945). Following the proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945, Wilopo joined the newly formed Republican government, later becoming a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee. During the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), he joined the Indonesian National Party (PNI) and served as Junior Minister of Labor in the Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet. Within an independent Indonesia, he was appointed Minister of Labor in the Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet (1949–1950) and Minister of Economic Affairs in the Soekiman Cabinet (1951–1952).

Following the fall of the Soekiman Cabinet in 1952, Wilopo became prime minister by forming a coalition government with the Masyumi Party and several minor political parties, creating the Wilopo Cabinet. As prime minister, he lifted martial law in most of the country, released political prisoners, introduced various measures to balance the budget, and passed an election bill in parliament. During his tenure, the country experienced several important political developments, including the increasingly large divide between the PNI and Masyumi, the secession of the Nahdlatul Ulama from the Masyumi, and the re-entry of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) to the political scene. Meanwhile, his cabinet was discredited by the collapse of its demobilization scheme following the 17 October affair. In 1953, opposition to the government's agrarian reform plan led to the deaths of several peasants in the Tanjung Morawa affair. Public outrage and pressure from the PNI and PKI resulted in his resignation.

After the end of his premiership, Wilopo was elected to the Constitutional Assembly in 1955, later becoming its first and only speaker (1956–1959). However, the assembly failed to draft a constitution and was dissolved in 1959. Thereafter, Wilopo left politics and only returned in 1968, following the emergence of the New Order, when he was appointed chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council (1968–1978), a respected but powerless advisory body. In 1970, Wilopo became chairman of the short-lived Commission of Four which was tasked with investigating the extent of corruption in government. He died in Jakarta in 1981, with his body being interred in Tanah Kusir Cemetery.

Early life

Wilopo was born on 21 October 1909 in Purworejo, the son of a sugar mill employee. He was educated at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (a primary school for native Indonesians), then a Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (a lower secondary school), before attending an Algemeene Middelbare School (a general secondary school) in Yogyakarta. After finishing his secondary education in 1930, Wilopo began attending the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (a technical college in Bandung). However, he was unable to complete his studies following an illness. He later taught at a Taman Siswa school before pursuing a law degree from the Rechts Hogeschool (a law school in Batavia) in 1933. Both before and during his studies, Wilopo was active in various educational and nationalist groups. He joined the nationalist Partindo in the early 1930s, becoming vice chairman of a local party branch in Sukabumi. After Partindo's dissolution in 1936, he joined the leftist Gerindo and established a journalistic institute."

After graduating in 1939, Wilopo began working as a lawyer.

Premiership

See also: Wilopo Cabinet

References

Sources

• Sejarah Departemen Tenaga Kerja [History of the Department of Manpower] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Department of Manpower. 1992.
• Seperempat Abad Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia [Quarter of a Century of the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Jakarta: People's Representative Council. 1970.
• Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (1972). Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-0687-4.
• Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
• Dhesita, Syela Joe (2022). Program Kerja Pemerintahan Kabinet Wilopo 1952–1953 [Work Program of the Wilopo Cabinet 1952–1953] (in Indonesian). Tulung, Klaten: Penerbit Lakeisha. ISBN 978-6-2342-0179-6.
• Feith, Herbert (1971) [1957]. The Indonesian Election of 1955. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
• Feith, Herbert (2006) [1962]. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-9-7937-8045-0.
• Feith, Herbert (2009) [1958]. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-6-0283-9715-5.
• Ghazali, Zulfikar (1986). "DPA Dalam Sejarah Konstitusi Republik" [The DPA in the History of the Constitution of the Republic]. Hukum dan Pembangunan (in Indonesian). 16 (5): 450–468. ISSN 0125-9687.
• Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-9108-5.
• Lucius, Robert E. (2003). A House Divided: The Decline and Fall of Masyumi (1950–1956) (PDF) (Thesis). Naval Postgraduate School – via Wikimedia Commons.
• Mackie, J. A. C. (1970). "The Commission of Four Report on Corruption". Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 6 (3): 87–101. doi:10.1080/00074917012331331728. ISSN 0007-4918.
• McVey, Ruth T. (April 1974). "The Post-Revolutionary Transformation of the Indonesian Army". Indonesia. 11 (11): 131–176. doi:10.2307/3350748. hdl:1813/53507. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350748.
• Ricklefs, M. C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200. Basingstoke: Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-3338-0100-0.
• Rocamora, J. Eliseo (October 1970). "The Partai Nasional Indonesia, 1963–1965". Indonesia. 10 (10): 143–182. doi:10.2307/3350638. hdl:1813/53493. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350638.
• Vu, Tuong (2010). Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-1076-1810-7.