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User:MyMoloboaccount/EconPol

Emigration:

Poverty:

Wages http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Klopotliwa-placa-minimalna-Ile-wyniesie-w-2015-roku-3135419.html Working hours

Prices


Economy

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Main article: Economy of Poland
 
The financial center in Warsaw.
 
Casual clothing, shoes, and cosmetics belong to Poland's most successful exports.[1]

Poland's high-income economy[2] Having a strong domestic market, low private debt, flexible currency, and not being dependent on a single export sector, Poland is the only European economy to have avoided the late-2000s recession.[3][4] Since the fall of the communist government, Poland has pursued a policy of liberalising the economy which resulted in high GDP growth at cost of millions of jobs[citation needed]. It is an example of the transition from a centrally planned to a primarily market-based economy. In 2009 Poland had the highest GDP growth in the EU - 1.6%.[5][6][7], while its unemployed rose to XX since 1992[citation needed]. After the period of liberalization several branches of Polish economy such as mining, textiles,shipbuilding have collapsed, leaving millions out of work and largely reducing industrial output of Polish economy{fact}}. The country's most successful exports today include machinery{{fact}, furniture, organic foods and meats,[8] motor boats, light planes, hardwood products, casual clothing, shoes and cosmetics.[9] While pre-1989, the main Polish export market was Soviet Union, which bought Polish electronic, military and machinery products, after Soviet collapse Germany gradually became the biggest importer of Poland's exports as of 2013, [1] buying mostly basic products and unprocessed and processed food[citation needed]

The privatization of small and medium state-owned companies and a liberal law on establishing new firms have allowed the development of the private sector[citation needed]. As a consequence, consumer rights organizations have also appeared. Restructuring and privatisation of "sensitive sectors" such as coal, steel, rail transport and energy has been continuing since 1990 without much success and especially Polish energy sector is in need of heavy investment, as infrastructure build by Polish People's Republic is slowly deteriorating[citation needed]. Between 2007 and 2010, the government plans to float twenty public companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, including parts of the coal industry. The biggest privatisations have been the sale of the national telecoms firm Telekomunikacja Polska to France Télécom in 2000, and an issue of 30% of the shares in Poland's largest bank, PKO Bank Polski, on the Polish stockmarket in 2004.

The Polish banking market is the largest in East Central and Eastern European region,[10] with 32.3 branches per 100,000 adults(tak, najwiekszy sektor liczy sie liczba placowek na mieszkanca a nie aktywami jak w City?),[11] the 27th most financially inclusive in the world.[12] The banks are the largest and most developed sector of the country's financial markets. They are regulated by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. During the transformation to a market-oriented economy, the government privatized some of them, recapitalized the rest, and introduced legal reforms that made the sector competitive. This has attracted a significant number of strategic foreign investors (ICFI). Poland's banking sector has approximately 5 national banks, a network of nearly 600 cooperative banks and 18 branches of foreign-owned banks. In addition, foreign investors have controlling stakes in nearly 40 commercial banks, which make up 68% of the banking capital.[10] Most of the banks in Poland are owned by Western companies and lack of sufficient local bank has been quoted as dangerous to Polish fiscal independence and hindering development of Polish owned companies[citation needed]

 
Poland is part of the Schengen Area and the EU single market.

Poland has a large number of private farms in its agricultural sector, with the potential to become a leading producer of food in the European Union{fact}}. The biggest money-makers abroad include smoked and fresh fish, fine chocolate, and dairy products, meats and specialty breads,[13] with the exchange rate conducive to export growth.[14] Food exports ammounted to 62 billion zloty in 2011, increasing by 17% from 2010.[15] Structural reforms in health care, education, the pension system, and state administration have resulted in larger-than-expected fiscal pressures. Warsaw leads Central Europe in foreign investment.[16](really? compared to Austria or Germany?-check figures) GDP growth had been strong and steady from 1993 to 2000 with only a short slowdown from 2001 to 2002. Comperatively, despite the GDP growth, Poland experienced rise in extreme poverty and rising inequility in wages[citation needed](zrodlo o rosnacej przepasci zarobkach, raport o roznicy w zarobkach miedzy kierownictwem and szerogowymi pracownikami-najwiekszy w Europie, i wiekszy od tego w Rosji czy Rumunii)

The economy had growth of 3.7% annually in 2003, a rise from 1.4% annually in 2002. In 2004, GDP growth equaled 5.4%, in 2005 3.3% and in 2006 6.2%.[17] According to Eurostat data, Polish PPS GDP per capita stood at 67% of the EU average in 2012.[18] Dodac zrodlo ze A-w 1990 mowiono ze wystarczy 20 lat by dogonic Europe Zachodnia, obecnie sie mowi ze trzeba 40 lat.

 
Seaport of Gdynia at the Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea

In terms of the clarity, efficiency and neutrality of Poland's legal framework for multinational investors, a 2012 report by the World Economic Forum concluded that the on-going foreign business disputes may "have damaged Poland's reputation as an attractive location for FDI" from other countries by creating the impression of "substandard reputation for maintaining an efficient and neutral framework to settle business disputes."[19] Ernst and Young's 2010 European attractiveness survey reported that Poland saw a 52% decrease in FDI foreign job creation and a 42% decrease in number of FDI projects since 2008.[20]

Average salaries in the enterprise sector in December 2010 were 3,848 PLN (1,012 euro or 1,374 US dollars)[21] and growing sharply.[22] Salaries vary between the regions: the median wage in the capital city Warsaw was 4,603 PLN (1,177 euro or 1,680 US dollars) while in Kielce it was 3,083 PLN (788 euro or 1125 US dollars). There is a wide distribution of salaries among the various districts of Poland. They range from 2,020 PLN (517 euro or 737 US dollars) in Kępno County, which is located in Greater Poland Voivodeship to 5,616 (1,436 euro or 2,050 US dollars) in Lubin County, which lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship.[23] To jest znana manipulacja-firmy tylko na umowie o prace sa wliczane i zatrudnieniu powyzej 5 osob, czyli nie liczy sie osob na umowie zlecenie,dzielo oraz zmuszonych do prowdzania jednosobwek.

Dodac obszerny fragment o bezrobociu.

 
Solaris Bus & Coach is a family-owned bus, coach and tram manufacturer near Poznań

According to a Credit Suisse report, Poles are the second wealthiest (after Czechs) of the Central European peoples.[24][25][26][27][28] Even though since World War II Poland is almost an ethnically homogeneous country, the number of foreign investors among immigrants is growing every year.[28][29]

Since the United Kingdom, Ireland and some other European countries opened their job markets for Poles, many workers, especially from rural regions, have left the country to seek a better wages abroad.

  1. ^ a b Ministerstwo Gospodarki, Polska - kierunki eksportu i najchętniej kupowane produkty z naszego kraju. 8 December 2013 Euro-Dane :: Ekonomia Unii Europejskiej (Internet Archive). Most important importers of Poland's 2012 exports, graph. Manifo.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference worldbank8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference How Poland became only EU nation to avoid recession was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Real GDP growth rate - volume. Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) 2013.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Central Europe Risks Downgrades on Worsening Finances (Update1) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zloty to Gain, Says LBBW, Most Accurate Forecaster (Update1) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ PAP, 9 May 2013 Polska żywność - fundament polskiego eksportu - 2012 kolejnym rokiem rekordowego eksportu żywności. Ministerstwo Skarbu Państwa (Internet Archive).
  9. ^ GUS, Najwięksi partnerzy handlowi Polski: kto kupuje nasze produkty? 9 July 2014 (Internet Archive)
  10. ^ a b Thomas White International (September 2011), Prominent Banks in Poland. Emerging Market Spotlight. Banking Sector in Poland (Internet Archive). Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  11. ^ Worldbank.org, Global Financial Development Report 2014. Appendix B. Key Aspects of Financial Inclusion (PDF file, direct download). Retrieved 6 November 2014. There are 32.3 providers per 100,000 adults in Poland by IMF’s Financial Access Survey (FAS). Comparatively, in the United States there are 35.4 but in Cyprus a whopping(slownictwo?) 103.9.
  12. ^ World Bank, Financial Inclusion Data. Country Dashboard: Poland. The World Bank Group. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  13. ^ Patrycja Maciejewicz, Leszek Baj, Polska żywność jedzie w świat. Pełno niespodzianek 2012-04-07, Wyborcza.biz (Internet Archive).
  14. ^ PAP, Więcej niż 80 proc. eksportu żywności z Polski to przetworzone produkty spożywcze 10-10-2014 Portal Spozywczy.pl (Internet Archive).
  15. ^ Wiesław Łopaciuk, Padł rekord wartości eksportu produktów rolno-spożywczych z Polski. Powód: słaby złoty Rzeczpospolita, 27-01-2012 (Internet Archive). "Z analizy "Rzeczpospolitej" wynika, że łączna wartość eksportu produktów rolno-spożywczych Polski mogła w 2011 r. sięgnąć 62 mld zł. W porównaniu z 2010 r. była o niemal 17 proc. wyższa."
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference warsawvoice was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency. News was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ eurostat (12 December 2013). "Eurostat: PKB na mieszkańca w Polsce wzrosło do 67% średniej w UE w 2012 r." biznes.pl. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference Foreign Direct Investments in Developing Nations: Issues in Telecommunications and the Modernization of Poland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Waking up to the new economy: Ernst & Young's 2010 European attractiveness survey was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference Communication on the average monthly salary in enterprise sector excluding payments from profit awards in December 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference OECD Economic Outlook No. 82 – Poland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Statistic Office of Poland(GUS) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference thenews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference forsal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference cespi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference chicagotribune1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference egospodarka1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference interia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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