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Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /æmˈloʊdɪˌpiːn/[1] |
Trade names | Norvasc, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a692044 |
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Calcium channel blocker |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 64–90% |
Protein binding | 93% [5] |
Metabolism | Liver |
Metabolites | Various inactive pyrimidine metabolites |
Onset of action | Highest availability 6–12 hours after oral dose |
Elimination half-life | 30–50 hours |
Duration of action | At least 24 hours |
Excretion | Urine |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H25ClN2O5 |
Molar mass | 408.88 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease.[6] While not typically recommended in heart failure, amlodipine may be used if other medications are not sufficient for treating high blood pressure or heart-related chest pain.[8] It is taken by mouth and has an effect that lasts for at least a day.[6]
Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea.[6] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack.[6] Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear.[2][6] When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced.[6] Amlodipine works partly by increasing the size of arteries.[6] It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.[6]
Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[6] Wholesale cost in the developing world is US$0.003 to 0.066 per day for a typical dose as of 2015.[11] In the United States, a month's supply costs less than $25.[12] In 2017, it was the fifth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 72 million prescriptions.[13][14]
References
edit- ^ "Medical Definition of AMLODIPINE". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ a b c "Amlodipine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 28 October 2019. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ "Poisons Standard June 2017". legislation.gov.au. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Norvasc- amlodipine besylate tablet". DailyMed. 14 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Amlodipine Besylate". Drugs.com. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
who
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ The ESC Textbook of Preventive Cardiology: Clinical Practice. Oxford University Press. 2015. p. 261. ISBN 9780199656653.
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- ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 465. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Amlodipine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia (Deluxe Lab-Coat ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 154. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Amlodipine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.