Manjuer

Task by year

Task 2019 : Old quantum theory

Old quantum theory 1 : Concecpt/Idea/model
Bohr–Kramers–Slater theory

Old quantum theory 2 : People
Niels Bohr (1885-1962) Louis de Broglie Arnold Sommerfeld Max Planck

Old quantum theory 2 : Experiment
For photon Black-Body Radiation Photoelectric effect Oil drop experiment Compton scattering For electron Thomson’s cathode-ray experiment Michelson interferometer For spectrumn Zeeman effect

Task 2019 : 2015 : List of physicsts

2015 : List of physicsts

Democritus ─ Abdera ( -460 ─ 360 BC ) Mozi ─ China ( -450 ─ ) Heraclides Ponticus ─ Greece ( -387 ─ 312 BC ) Aristotle ─ Athens, Greece ( -384 ─ 322 BC ) Aristarchus of Samos ─ Samos, Greece ( -310 ─ ca. 230 BC ) Archimedes ─ Syracuse, Greece ( -287 ─ 212 BC ) Lucretius ─ Rome ( 98 ─ 55 BC ) Ibn al-Haytham ─ Iraq ( 965 ─ 1039 ) Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī ─ Persian ( 973 ─ 1048 ) Avicenna ─ Persian ( 980 ─ 1037 ) Shen Kuo ─ China ( 1031 ─ 1095 ) Nicole Oresme ─ France ( 1325 ─ 1382 ) William Gilbert ─ England ( 1544 ─ 1603 ) Simon Stevin ─ Belgium, Netherlands ( 1548 ─ 1620 ) Galileo Galilei ─ Italy ( 1564 ─ 1642 ) Johannes Kepler ─ Germany ( 1571 ─ 1630 ) Willebrord Snel van Royen (Snellius ─ Netherlands ( 1580 ─ 1626 ) Isaac Beeckman ─ Netherlands ( 1588 ─ 1637 ) Evangelista Torricelli ─ Italy ( 1608 ─ 1647 ) Blaise Pascal ─ France ( 1623 ─ 1662 ) Robert Boyle ─ Ireland, England ( 1627 ─ 1691 ) Christiaan Huygens ─ Netherlands ( 1629 ─ 1695 ) Robert Hooke ─ England ( 1635 ─ 1703 ) Sir Isaac Newton ─ England ( 1642 ─ 1727 ) Burchard de Volder ─ Netherlands ( 1643 ─ 1709 ) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ─ Germany ( 1646 ─ 1716 ) René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur ─ France ( 1683 ─ 1757 ) Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit ─ Prussia ( 1686 ─ 1736 ) Willem 's Gravesande ─ Netherlands ( 1688 ─ 1742 ) Pieter van Musschenbroek ─ Netherlands ( 1692 ─ 1762 ) Daniel Bernoulli ─ Switzerland ( 1700 ─ 1782 ) Benjamin Franklin ─ United States ( 1706 ─ 1790 ) Leonhard Euler ─ Switzerland ( 1707 ─ 1783 ) Laura Maria Caterina Bassi ─ Italy ( 1711 ─ 1778 ) Rudjer Josip Boscovich ─ Dubrovnik ( 1711 ─ 1787 ) Andreas Jaszlinszky ─ Hungary ( 1715 ─ 1783 ) Jean le Rond d'Alembert ─ France ( 1717 ─ 1783 ) Georges-Louis le Sage ─ Switzerland ( 1724 ─ 1803 ) Henry Cavendish ─ UK ( 1731 ─ 1810 ) Johann Baptiste Horvath ─ Slovakia ( 1732 ─ 1799 ) Charles-Augustin de Coulomb ─ France ( 1736 ─ 1806 ) Joseph-Louis Lagrange ─ France ( 1736 ─ 1813 ) James Watt ─ UK ( 1736 ─ 1819 ) Luigi Galvani ─ Italy ( 1737 ─ 1798 ) Alessandro Volta ─ Italy ( 1745 ─ 1827 ) Jean Henri van Swinden ─ Netherlands ( 1746 ─ 1823 ) Giovanni Battista Venturi ─ Italy ( 1746 ─ 1822 ) Ernst Chladni ─ Germany ( 1756 ─ 1827 ) Étienne-Gaspard Robert ─ Belgium ( 1763 ─ 1837 ) Johann Georg Tralles ─ Germany ( 1763 ─ 1822 ) John Dalton ─ UK ( 1766 ─ 1844 ) John Leslie ─ UK ( 1766 ─ 1832 ) Joseph Fourier ─ France ( 1768 ─ 1830 ) Thomas Johann Seebeck ─ Estonia ( 1770 ─ 1831 ) Thomas Young ─ UK ( 1773 ─ 1829 ) Jean-Baptiste Biot ─ France ( 1774 ─ 1862 ) André-Marie Ampère ─ France ( 1775 ─ 1836 ) Etienne-Louis Malus ─ France ( 1775 ─ 1812 ) Amedeo Avogadro ─ Italy ( 1776 ─ 1856 ) Carl Friedrich Gauss ─ Germany ( 1777 ─ 1855 ) Hans Christian Ørsted ─ Denmark ( 1777 ─ 1851 ) Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac ─ France ( 1778 ─ 1850 ) David Brewster ─ UK ( 1781 ─ 1868 ) Siméon Denis Poisson ─ France ( 1781 ─ 1840 ) Leopoldo Nobili ─ Italy ( 1784 ─ 1835 ) Pierre Louis Dulong ─ France ( 1785 ─ 1838 ) Jean Peltier ─ France ( 1785 ─ 1845 ) William Prout ─ UK ( 1785 ─ 1850 ) François Jean Dominique Arago ─ France ( 1786 ─ 1853 ) Joseph von Fraunhofer ─ Germany ( 1787 ─ 1826 ) Johann Gottlieb Nörremberg ─ Germany ( 1787 ─ 1862 ) Augustin-Jean Fresnel ─ France ( 1788 ─ 1827 ) Georg Ohm ─ Germany ( 1789 ─ 1854 ) Louis Rendu ─ France ( 1789 ─ 1859 ) John Herapath ─ UK ( 1790 ─ 1868 ) Michael Faraday ─ UK ( 1791 ─ 1867 ) Felix Savart ─ France ( 1791 ─ 1841 ) Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis ─ France ( 1792 ─ 1843 ) Peter Andreas Hansen ─ Denmark ( 1795 ─ 1874 ) Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot ─ France ( 1796 ─ 1832 ) Joseph Henry ─ United States ( 1797 ─ 1878 ) Macedonio Melloni ─ Italy ( 1798 ─ 1854 ) Abraham Bennet ─ England(1749 ( 1799 ─ ) Benoît Clapeyron ─ France ( 1799 ─ 1864 ) Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky ─ Russia ( 1801 ─ 1862 ) Joseph Plateau ─ Belgium ( 1801 ─ 1883 ) Karl August von Steinheil ─ Germany ( 1801 ─ 1870 ) Christian Doppler ─ Austria ( 1803 ─ 1853 ) Wilhelm Weber ─ Germany ( 1804 ─ 1891 ) William Rowan Hamilton ─ Ireland ( 1805 ─ 1865 ) James David Forbes ─ UK ( 1809 ─ 1868 ) Karl L. Littrow ─ Austria ( 1811 ─ 1877 ) John James Waterston ─ UK ( 1811 ─ 1883 ) Anders Jonas Ångström ─ Sweden ( 1814 ─ 1874 ) Gustave-Adolphe Hirn ─ France ( 1815 ─ 1890 ) Christophorus Buys Ballot ─ Netherlands ( 1817 ─ 1890 ) James Prescott Joule ─ UK ( 1818 ─ 1889 ) Hippolyte Fizeau ─ France ( 1819 ─ 1896 ) Léon Foucault ─ France ( 1819 ─ 1868 ) George Gabriel Stokes ─ Ireland , UK ( 1819 ─ 1903 ) John Tyndall ─ UK ( 1820 ─ 1893 ) Hermann von Helmholtz ─ Germany ( 1821 ─ 1894 ) Johann Loschmidt ─ Germany ( 1821 ─ 1895 ) Amédée Mouchez ─ Spain, France ( 1821 ─ 1892 ) Rudolf Clausius ─ Germany ( 1822 ─ 1888 ) August Krönig ─ Germany ( 1822 ─ 1879 ) John Kerr ─ UK ( 1824 ─ 1907 ) Gustav Robert Kirchhoff ─ Germany ( 1824 ─ 1887 ) William Thomson (Lord Kelvin ─ UK ( 1824 ─ 1907 ) Émile Verdet ─ France ( 1824 ─ 1866 ) Johann Jakob Balmer ─ Switzerland ( 1825 ─ 1898 ) Joseph Wilson Swan ─ UK ( 1828 ─ 1914 ) Johannes Bosscha ─ Netherlands ( 1831 ─ 1911 ) James Clerk Maxwell ─ UK ( 1831 ─ 1879 ) Sir William Crookes ─ UK ( 1832 ─ 1919 ) Maurice Loewy ─ Austria, France ( 1833 ─ 1907 ) Simon Newcomb ─ United States ( 1835 ─ 1909 ) Jožef Stefan ─ Austria-Hungary, Slovenia ( 1835 ─ 1893 ) Johannes Diderik van der Waals ─ Netherlands ( 1837 ─ 1923 ) George William Hill ─ United States ( 1838 ─ 1914 ) Ernst Mach ─ Austria-Hungary ( 1838 ─ 1916 ) Josiah Willard Gibbs ─ United States ( 1839 ─ 1903 ) Aleksandr Stoletov ─ Russia ( 1839 ─ 1896 ) Ernst Karl Abbe ─ Germany ( 1840 ─ 1905 ) Carlo Marangoni ─ Italy ( 1840 ─ 1925 ) Marie Alfred Cornu ─ France ( 1841 ─ 1902 ) Thomas Corwin Mendenhall ─ United States ( 1841 ─ 1924 ) James Dewar ─ UK ( 1842 ─ 1923 ) Lord Rayleigh ─ UK ( 1842 ─ 1919 ) Osborne Reynolds ─ UK ( 1842 ─ 1912 ) Ludwig Boltzmann ─ Austria ( 1844 ─ 1906 ) Gabriel Jonas Lippmann ─ France, Luxemburg ( 1845 ─ 1921 ) Ivan Pulyuy ─ Ukraine ( 1845 ─ 1918 ) Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen ─ Germany ( 1845 ─ 1923 ) Nikolay Umov ─ Russia ( 1846 ─ 1915 ) Alexander Graham Bell ─ UK ( 1847 ─ 1922 ) Friedrich Ernst Dorn ─ Germany ( 1848 ─ 1916 ) Loránd Eötvös ─ Austria-Hungary ( 1848 ─ 1919 ) Franz S. Exner ─ Austria ( 1849 ─ 1926 ) John Hopkinson ─ United Kingdom ( 1849 ─ 1898 ) Karl Ferdinand Braun ─ Germany ( 1850 ─ 1918 ) Oliver Heaviside ─ UK ( 1850 ─ 1925 ) Woldemar Voigt ─ Germany ( 1850 ─ 1919 ) George Francis FitzGerald ─ Ireland ( 1851 ─ 1901 ) Oliver Lodge ─ UK ( 1851 ─ 1940 ) Henri Becquerel ─ France ( 1852 ─ 1908 Nobel laureate ) Albert Abraham Michelson ─ United States ( 1852 ─ 1931 ) John Henry Poynting ─ UK ( 1852 ─ 1914 ) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ─ Netherlands ( 1853 ─ 1926 ) Heinrich Kayser ─ Germany ( 1853 ─ 1940 ) Hendrik Lorentz ─ Netherlands ( 1853 ─ 1928 ) Marcel Brillouin ─ France ( 1854 ─ 1948 ) Henri Poincaré ─ France ( 1854 ─ 1912 ) Janne Rydberg ─ Sweden ( 1854 ─ 1919 ) James Alfred Ewing ─ UK ( 1855 ─ 1935 ) Edwin Hall ─ United States ( 1855 ─ 1938 ) Leo Graetz ─ Germany ( 1856 ─ 1941 ) Nikola Tesla ─ Serbia, United States ( 1856 ─ 1943 ) J. J. Thomson ─ UK ( 1856 ─ 1940 ) Heinrich Rudolf Hertz ─ Germany ( 1857 ─ 1894 ) Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov ─ Imperial Russia ( 1857 ─ 1918 ) Jagadish Chandra Bose ─ India ( 1858 ─ 1937 ) John J. Montgomery ─ United States ( 1858 ─ 1911 ) Max Planck ─ Germany ( 1858 ─ 1947 ) Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin ─ Serbia, United States ( 1858 ─ 1935 ) Pierre Curie ─ France ( 1859 ─ 1906 Nobel laureate ) Charles Édouard Guillaume ─ Switzerland ( 1861 ─ 1931 ) Emil Wiechert ─ Prussia ( 1861 ─ 1928 ) Vilhelm Bjerknes ─ Norway ( 1862 ─ 1951 ) William Henry Bragg ─ UK ( 1862 ─ 1942 Nobel laureate ) Philipp Lenard ─ Hungary, Germany ( 1862 ─ 1947 ) Paul Drude ─ Germany ( 1863 ─ 1906 ) Wilhelm Wien ─ Germany ( 1864 ─ 1928 ) Pieter Zeeman ─ Netherlands ( 1865 ─ 1943 ) Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev ─ Imperial Russia ( 1866 ─ 1912 ) Marie Curie ─ Poland, France ( 1867 ─ 1934 Nobel laureate ) Robert Andrews Millikan ─ United States ( 1868 ─ 1953 ) Arnold Sommerfeld ─ Germany ( 1868 ─ 1951 ) John Townsend ─ UK ( 1868 ─ 1957 ) Robert W. Wood ─ United States ( 1868 ─ 1955 ) Gustaf Dalén ─ Sweden ( 1869 ─ 1937 ) Alfred-Marie Liénard ─ France ( 1869 ─ 1958 ) Georges Sagnac ─ France ( 1869 ─ 1926 ) Charles Thomson Rees Wilson ─ UK ( 1869 ─ 1959 ) Arthur Korn ─ Germany ( 1870 ─ 1945 ) Jean Baptiste Perrin ─ France ( 1870 ─ 1942 ) Martin Knudsen ─ Denmark ( 1871 ─ 1949 ) Ernest Rutherford ─ New Zealand, UK ( 1871 ─ 1937 ) Paul Langevin ─ France ( 1872 ─ 1946 ) Ludwik Silberstein ─ Poland, Germany, Italy, United States, Canada ( 1872 ─ 1948 ) Willem de Sitter ─ Netherlands ( 1872 ─ 1934 ) Marian Smoluchowski ─ Poland ( 1872 ─ 1917 ) John Zeleny ─ United States ( 1872 ─ 1951 ) Friedrich Hasenöhrl ─ Austria,Hungary ( 1874 ─ 1915 ) Guglielmo Marconi ─ Italy ( 1874 ─ 1937 ) Johannes Stark ─ Germany ( 1874 ─ 1957 ) William Eccles ─ UK ( 1875 ─ 1966 ) Ludwig Prandtl ─ Germany ( 1875 ─ 1953 ) Luigi Puccianti ─ Italy ( 1875 ─ 1952 ) Ernest Esclangon ─ France ( 1876 ─ 1954 ) Frederick Grover ─ United States ( 1876 ─ 1973 ) Willem Hendrik Keesom ─ Netherlands ( 1876 ─ 1956 ) G. B. Pegram ─ United States ( 1876 ─ 1958 ) Karl Schwarzschild ─ Germany ( 1876 ─ 1916 ) Charles Glover Barkla ─ UK ( 1877 ─ 1944,Nobel laureate ) Sir James Jeans ─ UK ( 1877 ─ 1946 ) Wander Johannes de Haas ─ Netherlands ( 1878 ─ 1960 ) Robert von Lieben ─ Austria-Hungary ( 1878 ─ 1913 ) Lise Meitner ─ Austria ( 1878 ─ 1968 ) Walter Ritz ─ Switzerland ( 1878 ─ 1909 ) Felix Ehrenhaft ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1879 ─ 1952 ) Albert Einstein ─ Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United States ( 1879 ─ 1955,Nobel laureate ) Otto Hahn ─ Germany ( 1879 ─ 1968 ) Max von Laue ─ Germany ( 1879 ─ 1960 ) Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1879 ─ 1944 ) Carl Ramsauer ─ Germany ( 1879 ─ 1955 ) Owen Willans Richardson ─ UK ( 1879 ─ 1959 ) Paul Ehrenfest ─ Austria-Hungary, Netherlands ( 1880 ─ 1933 ) Leonard Salomon Ornstein ─ Netherlands ( 1880 ─ 1941 ) Clinton Davisson ─ United States ( 1881 ─ 1958 ) Theodore von Kármán ─ Hungary, United States ( 1881 ─ 1963 ) Irving Langmuir ─ United States ( 1881 ─ 1957 ) Gunnar Nordström ─ Finland ( 1881 ─ 1923 ) Max Born ─ Germany, UK ( 1882 ─ 1970,Nobel laureate ) Percy Williams Bridgman ─ United States ( 1882 ─ 1961 ) Jacob Clay ─ Netherlands ( 1882 ─ 1955 ) Sir Arthur Eddington ─ UK ( 1882 ─ 1944 ) James Franck ─ Germany, United States ( 1882 ─ 1964 ) Emmy Noether ─ Germany ( 1882 ─ 1935 ) Victor Francis Hess ─ Austria, United States ( 1883 ─ 1964 ) Peter Debije ─ Netherlands ( 1884 ─ 1966 ) David Enskog ─ Sweden ( 1884 ─ 1947 ) Niels Bohr ─ Denmark ( 1885 ─ 1962, Nobel laureate ) Theodor Kaluza ─ Germany ( 1885 ─ 1954 ) Max Volmer ─ Germany ( 1885 ─ 1965 ) Karl Glitscher ─ Germany ( 1886 ─ 1945 ) Gilles Holst ─ Netherlands ( 1886 ─ 1968 ) Walter H. Schottky ─ Germany ( 1886 ─ 1976 ) Manne Siegbahn ─ Sweden ( 1886 ─ 1978 ) Geoffrey Ingram Taylor ─ UK ( 1886 ─ 1975 ) Karl Becker ─ Germany ( 1887 ─ 1955 ) Raymond T. Birge ─ United States ( 1887 ─ 1980 ) Karl Compton ─ United States ( 1887 ─ 1954 ) Charles Galton Darwin ─ UK ( 1887 ─ 1962 ) Kazimierz Fajans ─ Poland, United States ( 1887 ─ 1975 ) Johannes Fischer ─ Germany ( 1887 ─ ) Adriaan Fokker ─ Netherlands ( 1887 ─ 1972 ) Alfred Lee Loomis ─ United States ( 1887 ─ 1975 ) Henry Moseley ─ UK ( 1887 ─ 1915 ) Erwin Schrödinger ─ Austria-Hungary ( 1887 ─ 1961 ) Paul Peter Ewald ─ Germany, United States ( 1888 ─ 1985 ) Alexander Friedman ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1888 ─ 1925 ) Walther Kossel ─ Germany ( 1888 ─ 1956 ) Archibald Low ─ UK ( 1888 ─ 1956 ) Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman ─ India ( 1888 ─ 1970 ) Otto Stern ─ Germany ( 1888 ─ 1969 ) Frits Zernike ─ Netherlands ( 1888 ─ 1960 ) Léon Nicolas Brillouin ─ France ( 1889 ─ 1969 ) Ralph H. Fowler ─ UK ( 1889 ─ 1944 ) Walter Gerlach ─ Germany ( 1889 ─ 1979 ) Edwin Powell Hubble ─ United States ( 1889 ─ 1953 ) Edwin C. Kemble ─ United States ( 1889 ─ 1984 ) Balthasar van der Pol ─ Netherlands ( 1889 ─ 1959 ) William Lawrence Bragg ─ Australia ( 1890 ─ 1971,Nobel laureate ) Friedrich Burmeister ─ Germany ( 1890 ─ 1969 ) Walther Bothe ─ Germany ( 1891 ─ 1957 ) James Chadwick ─ UK ( 1891 ─ 1974 ) Sergei Vavilov ─ Soviet Union ( 1891 ─ 1951 ) Edward Victor Appleton ─ UK ( 1892 ─ 1965,Nobel laureate ) Louis-Victor de Broglie ─ France ( 1892 ─ 1987 ) Arthur Compton ─ United States ( 1892 ─ 1962 ) Karl Herzfeld ─ Austria, United States ( 1892 ─ 1978 ) George Paget Thomson ─ UK ( 1892 ─ 1975 ) Erwin Fues ─ Germany ( 1893 ─ 1970 ) Adolf Kratzer ─ Germany ( 1893 ─ ) Megh Nad Saha ─ Bengali India ( 1893 ─ 1956 ) Satyendra Nath Bose ─ India ( 1894 ─ 1974 ) Henk Dorgelo ─ Netherlands ( 1894 ─ 1961 ) Christian Gerthsen ─ Denmark, Germany ( 1894 ─ 1956 ) Pyotr Kapitza ─ UK, Soviet Union ( 1894 ─ 1984 ) Oskar Klein ─ Sweden ( 1894 ─ 1977 ) Hendrik Kramers ─ Netherlands ( 1894 ─ 1952 ) Georges Lemaître ─ Belgium ( 1894 ─ 1966 ) John Lennard-Jones ─ UK ( 1894 ─ 1954 ) Johannes Martinus Burgers ─ Netherlands ( 1895 ─ 1981 ) Robert Döpel ─ Germany ( 1895 ─ 1982 ) Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1895 ─ 1971 ) Friedrich Hund ─ Germany ( 1896 ─ 1997 ) Arthur Milne ─ UK ( 1896 ─ 1950 ) Robert S. Mulliken ─ United States ( 1896 ─ 1986 ) Nikolay Semyonov ─ Russia ( 1896 ─ 1986 ) Gleb Wataghin ─ Ukraine, Italy, Brazil ( 1896 ─ 1986 ) Boyd Bartlett ─ United States ( 1897 ─ 1965 ) Patrick Blackett ─ UK ( 1897 ─ 1947 ) John Cockcroft ─ UK ( 1897 ─ 1967 ) Douglas Hartree ─ UK ( 1897 ─ 1958 ) Irène Joliot-Curie ─ France ( 1897 ─ 1956 ) Francis G. Slack ─ United States ( 1897 ─ 1985 ) Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1898 ─ 1974 ) Carl Hermann ─ Germany ( 1898 ─ 1961 ) Ali Moustafa ─ Egypt ( 1898 ─ 1950 ) Isidor Isaac Rabi ─ Austria, United States ( 1898 ─ 1988 ) Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby ─ Sweden, United States ( 1898 ─ 1957 ) Leó Szilárd ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1898 ─ 1964 ) Gregor Wentzel ─ Germany ( 1898 ─ 1978 ) Charlotte (née Riefenstahl Houtermans ─ Germany ( 1899 ─ ) Lothar Nordheim ─ Germany ( 1899 ─ 1985 ) Charlotte Riefenstahl ─ Germany ( 1899 ─ ) Peter Adolf Thiessen ─ Germany ( 1899 ─ 1990 ) John Hasbrouck van Vleck ─ United States ( 1899 ─ 1980 ) Samuel King Allison ─ United States ( 1900 ─ 1965 ) Zoltán Lajos Bay ─ Hungary ( 1900 ─ 1992 ) Ernst Brüche ─ Germany ( 1900 ─ 1985 ) David M. Dennison ─ United States ( 1900 ─ 1976 ) Dennis Gabor ─ Hungary ( 1900 ─ 1979 ) William V. Houston ─ United States ( 1900 ─ 1968 ) Ernst Ising ─ Germany ( 1900 ─ 1998 ) Wolfgang Ernst Pauli ─ Austria-Hungary ( 1900 ─ 1958 ) John C. Slater ─ United States ( 1900 ─ 1976 ) George Eugene Uhlenbeck ─ Netherlands, United States ( 1900 ─ 1988 ) William Allis ─ United States ( 1901 ─ 1999 ) Karl Bechert ─ Germany ( 1901 ─ 1981 ) Enrico Fermi ─ Italy ( 1901 ─ 1954 ) Werner Karl Heisenberg ─ Germany ( 1901 ─ 1976 ) Ernest Lawrence ─ United States ( 1901 ─ 1958 ) Henry Margenau ─ Germany, United States ( 1901 ─ 1977 ) Sir Mark Oliphant ─ Australia ( 1901 ─ 2000 ) Egon Orowan ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1901 ─ 1989 ) Nikolaus Riehl ─ Germany ( 1901 ─ 1990 ) Lev Shubnikov ─ Russia, Netherlands, Ukraine ( 1901 ─ 1937 ) Max Steenbeck ─ ( 1901 ─ 1981 ) Walter Houser Brattain ─ United States ( 1902 ─ 1987 ) Edward Condon ─ United States ( 1902 ─ 1974 ) Paul Dirac ─ UK ( 1902 ─ 1984 ) Carl Eckart ─ United States ( 1902 ─ 1973 ) G. N. Glasoe ─ United States ( 1902 ─ ) Samuel Goudsmit ─ Netherlands, United States ( 1902 ─ 1978 ) Paul Harteck ─ Germany ( 1902 ─ 1985 ) Pascual Jordan ─ Germany ( 1902 ─ 1980 ) Alfred Kastler ─ France ( 1902 ─ 1984 ) Eugene Wigner ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1902 ─ 1993 ) Arpad Elo ─ Hungary ( 1903 ─ 1992 ) Mahmoud Hessaby ─ Iran ( 1903 ─ 1992 ) Helmut Hönl ─ Germany ( 1903 ─ 1981 ) Fritz Houtermans ─ Netherlands, Germany, Austria ( 1903 ─ 1996 ) Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov ─ Soviet Union ( 1903 ─ 1960 ) John von Neumann ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1903 ─ 1957 ) Lars Onsager ─ Norway ( 1903 ─ 1976 ) Cecil Frank Powell ─ UK ( 1903 ─ 1969 ) Bertha Swirles ─ UK ( 1903 ─ 1999 ) Ernest Walton ─ Ireland ( 1903 ─ 1995 ) Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1904 ─ 1990 ) Otto Frisch ─ Austria, UK ( 1904 ─ 1979 ) George Gamow ─ Russia, United States ( 1904 ─ 1968 ) Walter Heitler ─ Germany, Ireland ( 1904 ─ 1981 ) Adolfas Jucys ─ Lithuania ( 1904 ─ 1974 ) Julii Khariton ─ Soviet Union ( 1904 ─ 1996 ) Ralph Kronig ─ Germany, United States ( 1904 ─ 1995 ) Carolina Henriette Mac Gillavry ─ Netherlands ( 1904 ─ 1993 ) Louis Néel ─ France ( 1904 ─ 2000 ) Robert Oppenheimer ─ United States ( 1904 ─ 1967 ) Carl David Anderson ─ United States ( 1905 ─ 1991,Nobel laureate ) Felix Bloch ─ Switzerland ( 1905 ─ 1983 ) Thomas Townsend Brown ─ United States ( 1905 ─ 1985 ) Hermann Brück ─ Germany ( 1905 ─ 2000 ) Wolfgang Finkelnburg ─ Germany ( 1905 ─ 1967 ) Nevill Mott ─ UK ( 1905 ─ 1996 ) Heinz Pose ─ Germany ( 1905 ─ 1975 ) Emilio G. Segrè ─ United States, Italy ( 1905 ─ 1989 ) Ernst Stueckelberg ─ Switzerland ( 1905 ─ 1984 ) P.M. van Alphen ─ Netherlands ( 1906 ─ 1967 ) Hans Bethe ─ Germany, United States ( 1906 ─ 2005 ) Max Delbrück ─ Germany, United States ( 1906 ─ 1981 ) Eugene Feenberg ─ United States ( 1906 ─ 1977 ) Maria Goeppert-Mayer ─ Germany, United States ( 1906 ─ 1972 ) Maria Goeppert Mayer ─ Germany, United States ( 1906 ─ 1972 ) Ernst August Friedrich Ruska ─ Germany ( 1906 ─ 1988 ) Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ─ Japan ( 1906 ─ 1979 ) Ettore Majorana ─ Italy ( 1906 ─ 1938 ) Manfred von Ardenne ─ Germany ( 1907 ─ 1997 ) Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen ─ Germany ( 1907 ─ 1973 ) Lew Kowarski ─ France ( 1907 ─ 1979 ) William Markowitz ─ United States ( 1907 ─ 1998 ) Seth Neddermeyer ─ United States ( 1907 ─ 1988 ) Rudolf Peierls ─ Germany, UK ( 1907 ─ 1995 ) Edward Ramberg ─ United States ( 1907 ─ 1995 ) Samuel Tolansky ─ UK ( 1907 ─ 1973 ) Kan-Chang Wang ─ China ( 1907 ─ 1998 ) Hideki Yukawa ─ Japan ( 1907 ─ 1981 ) Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén ─ Sweden ( 1908 ─ 1995,Nobel laureate ) John Bardeen ─ United States ( 1908 ─ 1991,double Nobel laureate ) Louis Essen ─ UK ( 1908 ─ 1997 ) Ilya Frank ─ Soviet Union ( 1908 ─ 1990 ) Viktor Hambardzumyan ─ Armenia, Russia ( 1908 ─ 1996 ) Lev Davidovich Landau ─ Imperial Russia, Soviet Union ( 1908 ─ 1968 ) Harrie Massey ─ Australia ( 1908 ─ 1983 ) Milton S. Plesset ─ United States ( 1908 ─ 1991 ) Joseph Rotblat ─ Poland, UK ( 1908 ─ 2005 ) Edward Teller ─ Austria-Hungary, United States ( 1908 ─ 2003 ) Anatoly Vlasov ─ Russia ( 1908 ─ 1975 ) Victor Frederick Weisskopf ─ Austria, United States ( 1908 ─ 2002 ) Homi J. Bhabha ─ India ( 1909 ─ 1966 ) Nikolay Bogolyubov ─ Soviet Union, Russia ( 1909 ─ 1992 ) Hendrik Casimir ─ Netherlands ( 1909 ─ 2000 ) W.W. Hansen ─ United States ( 1909 ─ 1949 ) Erhard Kietz ─ Germany and United States ( 1909 ─ 1982 ) Otto Scherzer ─ Germany ( 1909 ─ 1982 ) Robert Serber ─ United States ( 1909 ─ 1997 ) Stanislaw Ulam ─ Poland ( 1909 ─ 1984 ) Gian-Carlo Wick ─ Italy ( 1909 ─ 1992 ) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ─ India, United States ( 1910 ─ 1995 ,Nobel laureate ) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin ─ England ( 1910 ─ 1994 ) José Enrique Moyal ─ Palestine, France, UK, United States, Australia ( 1910 ─ 1998 ) William Bradford Shockley ─ United States ( 1910 ─ 1989 ) Louis Slotin ─ United States ( 1910 ─ 1946 ) Arsenij Sokolov ─ Russia ( 1910 ─ 1986 ) Karl Wirtz ─ Germany ( 1910 ─ 1994 ) Yakov Lvovich Alpert ─ Russia, United States ( 1911 ─ 2010 ) Luis Walter Alvarez ─ United States ( 1911 ─ 1988 , Nobel laureate ) Heinz Barwich ─ Germany ( 1911 ─ 1966 ) William Alfred Fowler ─ United States ( 1911 ─ 1995 ) Walter Franz ─ Germany ( 1911 ─ 1992 ) Maurice Goldhaber ─ Austria, United States ( 1911 ─ ) Polykarp Kusch ─ Germany ( 1911 ─ 1993 ) Frederick Seitz ─ United States ( 1911 ─ ) Abraham Haskel Taub ─ United States ( 1911 ─ 1999 ) John Archibald Wheeler ─ United States ( 1911 ─ 2008 ) Karl Zimmer ─ Germany ( 1911 ─ 1988 ) Edward Mills Purcell ─ United States ( 1912 ─ 1997 ) Wernher Von Braun ─ Germany ( 1912 ─ 1977 ) Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker ─ Germany ( 1912 ─ 2007 ) Heinrich Welker ─ Germany ( 1912 ─ 1981 ) Chien-Shiung Wu ─ United States ( 1912 ─ 1997 ) Eugene T. Booth – United States ─ ( 1912 ─ 2004 ) Robert Adler ─ United States ( 1913 ─ 2007 ) Nicolás Cabrera ─ Spain ( 1913 ─ 1989 ) Willis Lamb ─ United States ( 1913 ─ ) Richard Makinson ─ Australia ( 1913 ─ 1979 ) Wolfgang Paul ─ Germany ( 1913 ─ 1993 ) John J. Turin ─ United States ( 1913 ─ 1973 ) Ludwig Waldmann ─ Germany ( 1913 ─ 1980 ) Herbert L. Anderson ─ United States ( 1914 ─ 1988 ) Raymond Davis Jr. ─ United States ( 1914 ─ 2006 ) Robert R. Wilson ─ United States ( 1914 ─ 2000 ) Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich ─ Russia ( 1914 ─ 1987 ) Robert Hofstadter ─ United States ( 1915 ─ 1990 ) Sir Fred Hoyle ─ UK ( 1915 ─ 2001 ) Evgeny Lifshitz ─ Soviet Union ( 1915 ─ 1985 ) Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. ─ United States ( 1915 ─ ) Clifford Shull ─ United States ( 1915 ─ 2001 ) Charles Townes ─ United States ( 1915 ─ Nobel laureate ) Alvin Weinberg ─ United States ( 1915 ─ 2006 ) Sudhansu Datta Majumdar ─ India ( 1915 ─ 1997 ) Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ─ Soviet Union, Russia ( 1916 ─ ) Per-Olov Löwdin ─ Sweden ( 1916 ─ 2000 ) Robert Marshak ─ United States ( 1916 ─ 1992 ) Aleksandr Prokhorov ─ Soviet, Russian ( 1916 ─ 2002 ) Robert G. Sachs ─ United States ( 1916 ─ 1999 ) Ernest William Titterton ─ UK, Australia ( 1916 ─ 1990 ) David Bohm ─ United States ( 1917 ─ 1992 ) Herman Feshbach ─ United States ( 1917 ─ 2000 ) Jacob Kistemaker ─ Netherlands ( 1917 ─ 2010 ) Nikolay Sergeevich Krylov ─ Soviet Union ( 1917 ─ 1947 ) Ilya Prigogine ─ Belgium ( 1917 ─ 2003 ) Dmitry Zubarev ─ Russia ( 1917 ─ 1992 ) James Rainwater- United States ─ ( 1917 ─ 1986 ) Bertram Brockhouse ─ Canada ( 1918 ─ 2003 ) Hans Buchdahl ─ Germany, Australia ( 1918 ─ 2010 ) Gersh Budker ─ Soviet Union ( 1918 ─ 1977 ) Richard Feynman ─ United States ( 1918 ─ 1988 Nobel laureate ) Abraham Pais ─ Netherlands, United States ( 1918 ─ 2000 ) John Pasta ─ United States ( 1918 ─ 1984 ) Frederick Reines ─ United States ( 1918 ─ 1998 ) Clemens C. J. Roothaan ─ Netherlands ( 1918 ─ ) Martin Ryle ─ UK ( 1918 ─ 1984 ) Julian Schwinger ─ United States ( 1918 ─ 1994 ) Kai Siegbahn ─ Sweden ( 1918 ─ 2007 ) Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov ─ Soviet Union ( 1919 ─ ) Robert B. Leighton ─ United States ( 1919 ─ 1997 ) Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky ─ Germany, United States ( 1919 ─ ) Vikram Sarabhai ─ India ( 1919 ─ 1971 ) Peter Westervelt ─ United States ( 1919 ─ ) Nicolaas Bloembergen ─ Netherlands, United States ( 1920 ─ ) Owen Chamberlain ─ United States ( 1920 ─ 2006 ) Ernest Courant ─ United States ( 1920 ─ ) Rosalind Franklin ─ UK ( 1920 ─ 1958 ) Ryogo Kubo ─ Japan ( 1920 ─ 1995 ) Jean-Pierre Vigier France ─ ( 1920 ─ 2004 ) Ronald Ernest Aitchison ─ Australia ( 1921 ─ ) Ralph Asher Alpher ─ United States ( 1921 ─ 2007 ) Feza Gürsey ─ Turkey ( 1921 ─ 1992 ) Yoichiro Nambu ─ Japan, United States ( 1921 ─ ) Arthur Leonard Schawlow ─ United States ( 1921 ─ 1999 ) Jack Steinberger ─ Germany, United States ( 1921 ─ ) Igor Ternov ─ Russia ( 1921 ─ 1996 ) Bruno Touschek ─ Italy ( 1921 ─ 1978 ) Sergei Tyablikov ─ Russia ( 1921 ─ 1968 ) Rosalyn Yalow ─ United States ( 1921 ─ ) Nikolay Basov ─ Russia ( 1922 ─ 2001 ) Aage Bohr ─ Denmark ( 1922 ─ 2009 , Nobel laureate ) Hans Georg Dehmelt ─ Germany, United States ( 1922 ─ ) Marvin Leonard Goldberger ─ United States ( 1922 ─ ) Rudolf Haag ─ Germany ( 1922 ─ ) Edwin Jaynes ─ United States ( 1922 ─ 1998 ) Behram Kurşunoğlu ─ Turkey ( 1922 ─ 2003 ) Leon Max Lederman ─ United States ( 1922 ─ ) Oscar Sala ─ Brazil ( 1922 ─ ) Valentine Telegdi ─ Hungary, United States ( 1922 ─ 2006 ,Wolf laureate ) Arthur Wightman ─ United States ( 1922 ─ ) Emil Wolf ─ Czechoslovakia, United States ( 1922 ─ ) Chen Ning Yang ─ China ( 1922 ─ ) Philip Warren Anderson ─ United States ( 1923 ─ Nobel laureate ) Freeman Dyson ─ UK, United States ( 1923 ─ Wolf laureate ) Val Logsdon Fitch ─ United States ( 1923 ─ ) Jack St. Clair Kilby ─ United States ( 1923 ─ 2005 ) Alladi Ramakrishnan ─ India ( 1923 ─ 2008 ) Aaldert Wapstra ─ Netherlands ( 1923 ─ 2006 ) Lincoln Wolfenstein ─ United States ( 1923 ─ ) Georges Charpak ─ France ( 1924 ─ Nobel laureate ) Geoffrey Chew ─ United States ( 1924 ─ ) Allan McLeod Cormack ─ South Africa, United States ( 1924 ─ 1998 ) Antony Hewish ─ UK ( 1924 ─ ) Cesar Lattes ─ Brazil ( 1924 ─ 2005 ) Yuri Orlov ─ Soviet Union, United States ( 1924 ─ ) Edwin Ernest Salpeter ─ Austria, Australia, United States ( 1924 ─ ) Léon Van Hove ─ Belgium ( 1924 ─ 1990 ) John Clive Ward ─ England, Australia ( 1924 ─ 2000 ) Richard Dalitz ─ UK, United States ( 1925 ─ 2006 ) Leo Esaki ─ Japan ( 1925 ─ ) Roy Jay Glauber ─ United States ( 1925 ─ ) Martin Gutzwiller ─ Switzerland ( 1925 ─ ) John H. Hubbell ─ United States ( 1925 ─ 2007 ) Simon van der Meer ─ Netherlands ( 1925 ─ ) Yuval Ne'eman ─ Israel ( 1925 ─ 2006 ) Juras Požela ─ Lithuania ( 1925 ─ ) Sam Treiman ─ United States ( 1925 ─ 1999 ) Sidney Drell ─ United States ( 1926 ─ ) Donald Arthur Glaser ─ United States ( 1926 ─ ) Henry Way Kendall ─ United States ( 1926 ─ 1999 ) Masatoshi Koshiba ─ Japan ( 1926 ─ ) Tsung-Dao Lee ─ China, United States ( 1926 ─ ) Ben Roy Mottelson ─ Denmark, United States ( 1926 ─ ) Abdus Salam ─ Pakistan, UK ( 1926 ─ 1996 Nobel laureate ) Dennis William Sciama ─ UK ( 1926 ─ 1999 ) Manfred Eigen ─ Germany ( 1927 ─ ) Rolf Landauer ─ United States ( 1927 ─ 1999 ) Martin Lewis Perl ─ United States ( 1927 ─ ) Theodore Maiman ─ United States ( 1927 ─ 2007 ) Karl Alexander Müller ─ Switzerland ( 1927 ─ ) Gerard K. O'Neill ─ United States ( 1927 ─ 1992 ) Bernhard Philberth ─ Germany ( 1927 ─ ) Marshall Rosenbluth ─ United States ( 1927 ─ 2003 ) Mendel Sachs ─ United States ( 1927 ─ ) Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ─ Soviet Union, Russia ( 1928 ─ Nobel laureate ) John Stewart Bell ─ UK ( 1928 ─ 1990 ) Boris Chirikov ─ Soviet Union, Russia ( 1928 ─ 2008 ) Ali Javan ─ Iran ( 1928 ─ ) Herbert Kroemer ─ Germany ( 1928 ─ ) M. G. K. Menon ─ India ( 1928 ─ ) Dmitry Shirkov ─ Russia ( 1928 ─ ) David Finkelstein ─ United States ( 1929 ─ ) Murray Gell-Mann ─ United States ( 1929 ─ Nobel laureate ) Ivar Giaever ─ Norway, United States ( 1929 ─ ) Lev Gor'kov ─ United States ( 1929 ─ ) Peter Higgs ─ UK ( 1929 ─ ) Rudolf Mössbauer ─ Germany ( 1929 ─ ) Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov ─ Soviet Union ( 1929 ─ 1989 ) Richard Edward Taylor ─ United States ( 1929 ─ ) Antonino Zichichi ─ Italy ( 1929 ─ ) Zhores Ivanovich Alferov ─ Russia ( 1930 ─ Nobel laureate ) Leon Cooper ─ United States ( 1930 ─ Nobel laureate ) Jerome Isaac Friedman ─ United States ( 1930 ─ ) Vladimir Gribov ─ Russia ( 1930 ─ 1997 ) Jens Martin Knudsen ─ Denmark ( 1930 ─ 2005 ) John Polkinghorne ─ UK ( 1930 ─ ) James Cronin ─ United States ( 1931 ─ Nobel laureate ) Revaz Dogonadze ─ Soviet Union, Georgia ( 1931 ─ 1985 ) Thomas Edison ─ United States(1847 ( 1931 ─ ) Riccardo Giacconi ─ Italy, United States ( 1931 ─ ) Werner Israel ─ Canada ( 1931 ─ ) David Lee ─ United States ( 1931 ─ ) Roger Penrose ─ UK ( 1931 ─ Wolf laureate ) Tullio Regge ─ Italy ( 1931 ─ ) Burton Richter ─ United States ( 1931 ─ ) John Robert Schrieffer ─ United States ( 1931 ─ ) George Sudarshan ─ India, United States ( 1931 ─ ) Martinus J. G. Veltman ─ Netherlands, United States ( 1931 ─ ) Pierre-Gilles de Gennes ─ France ( 1932 ─ 2007 ) Sheldon Lee Glashow ─ United States ( 1932 ─ ) Walter Marshall ─ UK ( 1932 ─ 1996 ) Hubert Reeves ─ Canada ( 1932 ─ ) Melvin Schwartz ─ United States ( 1932 ─ 2006 ) Claude Cohen-Tannoudji ─ France ( 1933 ─ ) Gerald Feinberg ─ United States ( 1933 ─ 1992 ) Steven Frautschi ─ United States ( 1933 ─ ) Jeffrey Goldstone ─ UK, United States ( 1933 ─ ) Peter Mansfield ─ UK ( 1933 ─ ) Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh ─ Ireland ( 1933 ─ 2000 ) Arno Allan Penzias ─ United States ( 1933 ─ ) Heinrich Rohrer ─ Switzerland ( 1933 ─ ) Steven Weinberg ─ United States ( 1933 ─ ) James Bjorken ─ United States ( 1934 ─ ) Ludvig Faddeev ─ Russia ( 1934 ─ ) James Glimm ─ United States ( 1934 ─ ) John Lewis Hall ─ United States ( 1934 ─ ) Carlo Rubbia ─ Italy ( 1934 ─ ) Carl Sagan ─ United States ( 1934 ─ 1996 ) Fred Alan Wolf ─ United States ( 1934 ─ ) Nicola Cabibbo ─ Italy ( 1935 ─ 2010 ) Joseph H. Eberly ─ United States ( 1935 ─ ) Benjamin Lee ─ Korea, United States ( 1935 ─ 1977 ) David Ruelle ─ Belgium, France ( 1935 ─ ) Evgeny Velikhov ─ Russia ( 1935 ─ ) Terence James Elkins ─ Australia, United States ( 1936 ─ ) Peter Freund ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) B. Roy Frieden ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Abdul Qadeer Khan ─ Pakistan ( 1936 ─ ) Mario Rabinowitz ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Samuel Chao Chung Ting ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Juris Upatnieks ─ Latvia, United States ( 1936 ─ ) Kenneth Geddes Wilson ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Robert Woodrow Wilson ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Louis Anthony Tamburino ─ United States ( 1936 ─ ) Hans Henrik Andersen ─ Denmark ( 1937 ─ ) Charles H. Henry ─ United States ( 1937 ─ 2016 ) David Olive ─ UK ( 1937 ─ ) Jogesh Pati ─ United States ( 1937 ─ ) Robert Coleman Richardson ─ United States ( 1937 ─ ) Colin Webb ─ UK ( 1937 ─ ) Aiyalam Parameswaran Balachandran ─ India ( 1938 ─ ) Albert Fert ─ France ( 1938 ─ ) Anthony James Leggett ─ UK, United States ( 1938 ─ ) Jayant Narlikar ─ India ( 1938 ─ ) Martin Schadt ─ Switzerland ( 1938 ─ ) Stephen L. Adler ─ United States ( 1939 ─ ) Fritjof Capra ─ Austria, United States ( 1939 ─ ) Mary K. Gaillard ─ France, United States ( 1939 ─ ) Peter Grünberg ─ Germany ( 1939 ─ ) Roman Jackiw ─ Poland, United States ( 1939 ─ ) Robert K. Logan ─ United States ( 1939 ─ ) Heinz Pagels ─ United States ( 1939 ─ 1988 ) Roman U. Sexl ─ Austria ( 1939 ─ 1986 ) Daniel Chee Tsui ─ China, United States ( 1939 ─ ) John Iliopoulos ─ Greece ( 1940 ─ ) Brian David Josephson ─ UK ( 1940 ─ ) Toshihide Maskawa ─ Japan ( 1940 ─ ) Ward Plummer ─ United States ( 1940 ─ ) Leonard Susskind ─ United States ( 1940 ─ ) Kip Stephen Thorne ─ United States ( 1940 ─ ) Denis Weaire ─ Ireland ( 1940 ─ ) Francisco Jose Yndurain ─ Spain ( 1940 ─ 2008 ) William A. Bardeen ─ United States ( 1941 ─ ) David Gross ─ United States ( 1941 ─ ) Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch ─ Germany ( 1941 ─ ) Hagen Kleinert ─ Germany ( 1941 ─ ) Luciano Maiani ─ Italy, San Marino ( 1941 ─ ) Holger Bech Nielsen ─ Denmark ( 1941 ─ ) John Henry Schwarz ─ United States ( 1941 ─ ) Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. ─ United States ( 1941 ─ ) Curtis Callan ─ ( 1942 ─ ) Brandon Carter ─ Australia ( 1942 ─ ) David J. Griffiths ─ United States ( 1942 ─ ) Stephen Hawking ─ UK ( 1942 ─ Wolf laureate ) Algis Petras Piskarskas ─ Lithuania ( 1942 ─ ) Martin John Rees ─ UK ( 1942 ─ ) Gabriele Veneziano ─ Italy ( 1942 ─ ) Giovanni Ciccotti ─ Italy ( 1943 ─ ) Samuel T. Durrance ─ United States ( 1943 ─ ) Klaus von Klitzing ─ Germany ( 1943 ─ ) Helen Quinn ─ United States ( 1943 ─ ) Mitchell Feigenbaum ─ United States ( 1944 ─ ) Makoto Kobayashi ─ Japan ( 1944 ─ ) Richard A. Muller ─ United States ( 1944 ─ ) Anthony Ichiro Sanda ─ Japan, United States ( 1944 ─ ) Marek Artur Abramowicz ─ Poland ( 1945 ─ ) Peter Goddard ─ UK ( 1945 ─ ) Douglas Dean Osheroff ─ United States ( 1945 ─ ) Alexander M. Polyakov ─ Russia-United States ( 1945 ─ ) George Smoot ─ United States ( 1945 ─ ) Rafael Sorkin ─ United States ( 1945 ─ ) Richard Louis Amoroso ─ United States ( 1946 ─ ) Paul Davies ─ Australia ( 1946 ─ ) John Ellis ─ UK ( 1946 ─ ) Gary Gibbons ─ UK ( 1946 ─ ) John Gribbin ─ UK ( 1946 ─ ) Gerardus 't Hooft ─ Netherlands ( 1946 ─ ) John Cromwell Mather ─ United States ( 1946 ─ ) Joël Scherk ─ United States ( 1946 ─ 1979 ) Kees A. Schouhamer Immink ─ Netherlands ( 1946 ─ ) George Sterman ─ United States ( 1946 ─ ) Gerd Binnig ─ Germany ( 1947 ─ Nobel laureate ) Howard Georgi ─ United States ( 1947 ─ ) Alan Guth ─ United States ( 1947 ─ ) Nathan Isgur ─ United States, Canada ( 1947 ─ 2001 ) Michio Kaku ─ United States ( 1947 ─ ) Brian May ─ UK ( 1947 ─ ) Frank J. Tipler ─ United States ( 1947 ─ ) Steven Chu ─ United States ( 1948 ─ ) Predhiman K. Kaw ─ India ( 1948 ─ ) William Daniel Phillips ─ United States ( 1948 ─ ) Gilles Saint-Hilaire ─ Canada ( 1948 ─ ) Isidor Sauers ─ Austria ( 1948 ─ ) R. Keith Ellis ─ UK, United States ( 1949 ─ ) Hugh David Politzer ─ United States ( 1949 ─ ) Mikhail Shifman ─ Russia, United States ( 1949 ─ ) Horst Ludwig Störmer ─ Germany ( 1949 ─ ) Johannes Georg Bednorz ─ Germany ( 1950 ─ Nobel laureate ) James Binney ─ England ( 1950 ─ ) Sylvester James Gates ─ United States ( 1950 ─ ) Pervez Hoodbhoy ─ Pakistan ( 1950 ─ ) Russell Alan Hulse ─ United States ( 1950 ─ Nobel laureate ) Gabriel Kotliar ─ United States ( 1950 ─ ) Robert Betts Laughlin ─ United States ( 1950 ─ ) Ronald E. McNair ─ United States ( 1950 ─ 1986 ) Jagadeesh Moodera ─ India, United States ( 1950 ─ ) Oleg Sushkov ─ Australia-Russia ( 1950 ─ ) Denis Evans ─ Australia ( 1951 ─ ) Harald Fuchs ─ Germany ( 1951 ─ ) Sidney Redner ─ Canada, United States ( 1951 ─ ) Alexei Smirnov ─ Russia, Italy ( 1951 ─ ) Carl Wieman ─ United States ( 1951 ─ ) Frank Wilczek ─ United States ( 1951 ─ ) Edward Witten ─ United States ( 1951 ─ ) Basilis C. Xanthopoulos ─ Greece ( 1951 ─ 1990 ) Savas Dimopoulos ─ United States ( 1952 ─ ) David Deutsch ─ Israel, UK ( 1953 ─ ) Mark B. Wise ─ Canada, United States ( 1953 ─ ) Lawrence Krauss ─ United States ( 1954 ─ ) Joseph Polchinski ─ UK ( 1954 ─ ) Serge Rudaz ─ Canada, United States ( 1954 ─ ) Barton Zwiebach ─ United States ( 1954 ─ ) Mark G. Raizen ─ New York City United States ( 1955 ─ ) Lee Smolin ─ United States ( 1955 ─ ) Andrew Strominger ─ United States ( 1955 ─ ) David Lindley ─ United States ( 1956 ─ ) Fulvio Melia ─ United States ( 1956 ─ ) Nathan Seiberg ─ United States ( 1956 ─ ) Ashoke Sen ─ India ( 1956 ─ ) Wolfgang Ketterle ─ Germany ( 1957 ─ ) Joseph Lykken ─ United States ( 1957 ─ ) Thanu Padmanabhan ─ India ( 1957 ─ ) Jan Zaanen ─ Netherlands ( 1957 ─ ) Ann Nelson ─ United States ( 1958 ─ ) Neil deGrasse Tyson ─ United States ( 1958 ─ ) Bob Lazar ─ United States ( 1959 ─ ) Saul Perlmutter ─ United States ( 1959 ─ ) Stephen Wolfram ─ UK ( 1959 ─ ) Derek Abbott ─ Australia ( 1960 ─ ) Robbert Dijkgraaf ─ Netherlands ( 1960 ─ ) Joseph Romm ─ United States ( 1960 ─ ) Eric Allin Cornell ─ United States ( 1961 ─ Nobel laureate ) Michael R. Douglas ─ United States ( 1961 ─ ) Bruce G. Klappauf ─ United States ( 1961 ─ ) Matthew Koss ─ United States ( 1961 ─ ) Jim Al-Khalili ─ UK ( 1962 ─ ) Marcela Carena ─ Argentina ( 1962 ─ ) Lisa Randall ─ United States ( 1962 ─ ) David Carroll ─ United States ( 1963 ─ ) Brian Greene ─ United States ( 1963 ─ ) Paolo Tripodi ─ Italy ( 1963 ─ ) Jenny Darja Vinko ─ Slovenija ( 1963 ─ ) Miguel Alcubierre ─ Mexico ( 1964 ─ ) Andrew D. Huxley ─ United Kingdom ( 1966 ─ ) Alejandro Corichi ─ Mexico ( 1967 ─ ) Max Tegmark ─ Sweden, United States ( 1967 ─ ) Antony Garrett Lisi ─ United States ( 1968 ─ ) Brian Cox ─ UK ( 1968 ─ ) Juan Martín Maldacena ─ Argentina ( 1968 ─ ) Alain Haché ─ Canada ( 1970 ─ ) Gregory Jaczko ─ United States ( 1970 ─ ) Maria Spiropulu ─ West Macedonia, Greece ( 1970 ─ ) Nima Arkani-Hamed ─ United States ( 1972 ─ ) Tom Baehr-Jones ─ United States ( 1980 ─ ) David Z Albert, United States ─ ( ─ ) Thomas Appelquist ─ United States ( ─ ) Carl M. Bender ─ United States ( ─ ) Ikaros Bigi ─ Germany, United States ( ─ ) Stanley Brodsky ─ United States ( ─ ) W.G. Burgers ─ Netherlands ( ─ ) Gerald B. Cleaver ─ United States ( ─ ) John C. Collins ─ United States ( ─ ) F. J. Duarte ─ United States ( ─ ) Daniel Friedan ─ United States ( ─ ) William R. Kanne ─ United States ( ─ ) Toichiro Kinoshita ─ Japan, United States ( ─ ) James W. LaBelle ─ United States ( ─ ) Kenneth Lane ─ United States ( ─ ) Walter Lewin ─ Netherlands, United States ( ─ ) William J. Marciano ─ United States ( ─ ) David Merritt ─ United States ( ─ ) Stanislav Mikheyev ─ Russia ( ─ ) Shiraz Minwalla ─ India ( ─ ) Alfred Mueller ─ United States ( ─ ) Susumu Okubo ─ Japan, United States ( ─ ) Eric Poisson ─ Canada ( ( ─ ) Karl-Heinrich Riewe ─ Germany ( ─ ) Craige Schensted ─ United States ( ─ ) Alberto Sirlin ─ Argentina, United States ( ─ ) Davison E. Soper ─ United States ( ─ ) Charles Thorn ─ United States ( ─ ) Arkady Vainshtein ─ Russia, United States ( ─ ) Mikhail Voloshin ─ Russia, United States ( ─ ) Valentin Zakharov ─ Russia, Germany ( ─ ) Anthony Zee ─ United States ( ─ )