About Gregory Gai

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cd player,candy,surgery,&scalpels

Interests

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Friends

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  • "Friends" are also Interests

Merck Study

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Nutrition: General Considerations

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  • Macronutrients
    • Carbohydrates, Fats (including Essential Fatty Acids), Proteins, Macrominerals, H2O. These macronutrients are interchangeable as energy.
      • Carbohydrates --> glucose and other monosaccharides (4 kcal/g)
      • Fats --> fatty acids and glycerol (9 kcal/g)
      • Proteins --> peptides and amino acids (4 kcal/g)
      • Ethanol --> (7 kcal/g)
    • Nitrogen & Protein
      • "Carbohydrates and fat spare tissue protein. Unless sufficient nonprotein calories are available from either dietary sources or tissue stores (particularly of fat), protein can not be used efficiently for tissue maintenance, replacement, or growth, and considerably more protein is required for a positive nitrogen balance."
  • Essential Amino Acids (EAAs)
        • (9/20 amino acids) 8/20 required by all humans
    • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein
      • Decreases from...
        • 2.2 g/kg in 3-mo-old infants to...
        • 1.2 g/kg in 5-yr-old children and...
        • 0.8 g/kg in adults.
    • Biological Value (BV) determined by
        • the extent to which a protein matches the amino acid composition of animal tissues.
      • A perfect match is egg proetin with a BV of 100.
      • Animal proteins in milk and meat have a high BV of ~90.
      • Cereal and vegetables have a BV of ~40.
      • Derived proteinslike gelatin lack tryptophan & valine have a BV of ~0.
    • -RDA for protein assures that the average mixed diet has a Biological Value of ~70.