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United States banknotes (1861 to the present) depict 53 people[1] central to the history of the United States. This list includes (but is not limited to) Presidents, Cabinet Members, Members of Congress, Founders, Jurists, and Military Leaders.

The complete list of individuals depicted on U.S. banknotes (not including Fractional Currency) is shown below alphabetically. The most commonly associated titles, positions held, or affiliations (with dates) are listed. Elected and appointed government positions in the Title/Comments list is fairly comprehensive. In cases where an individual occupied multiple elected or cabinet-level positions, the highest ranking position (determined by succession to the Presidency) is listed in italics. Positions are presented in ascending chronological order. Where available, political and religious affiliation are reported.

Selection process edit

The Secretary of the Treasury was given broad latitude in supervising the design, printing, and issue of United States banknotes.[nb 1] The Secretary, with input from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, has been given final approval over the design of U.S. banknotes.[nb 2]

Abraham Lincoln was depicted on the $10 Demand Note in 1861, while he was still living. Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln’s Secretary of the Treasury, approved his own portrait for the $1 Legal Tender Note in 1862. Both Francis Spinner and Spencer Clark approved the use of their portraits. In 1873, Congress added some direction by including the following provision to govern the use of portraits: “No portrait shall be placed upon any of the bonds, securities, notes, fractional or postal currency of the United States, while the original of such portrait is living.”[4]

The engraved portraits below are from a virtual exhibit of bank notes[5] which are part of the National Numismatic Collection at the Smithsonian Institution.

Key to banknote type abbreviations edit

Many of the individuals below were depicted on more than one note of a series or denomination. In the description of the banknotes, the date in parentheses indicates the individual’s first appearance on a given note type and denomination. When multiple banknotes are listed, the order, though seeming random, is in accordance with the Friedberg Number,[1] in ascending Friedberg order. Large size notes represent the earlier types or series of U.S. banknotes. Their average dimension is 7.375 x 3.125 inches (187 x 79 mm). Small size notes (described as such due to their size relative to the earlier large size notes) are an average 6.125 x 2.625 inches (156 x 67 mm), the size of modern U.S. currency.[6]

Key to Banknote Type Abbreviations
Abbr Note type Note size
DN Demand Note Large
LT Legal Tender Large
CITN Compound Interest Treasury Note Exception
IBN Interest Bearing Note Exception
RC Refunding Certificate Exception
SC Silver Certificate Large
TN Treasury Note Large
NBN National Bank Note Large
FRBN Federal Reserve Bank Note Large
FRN Federal Reserve Note Large
GC Gold Certificate Large
SSN Small Size Banknote Small

Exceptions to the large versus small categories are the CITN, IBN, and RC, all slightly larger than the large size note dimensions above.

Portraits edit

List of people on United States Bank Notes
Name Portrait Title/comments U.S. Banknote(s)[7]
John Quincy Adams[8]
Born: 11 July 1767
(Braintree, Massachusetts)
Died: 23 February 1848
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Federalist, Democratic-Republican; Unitarian[9] 		  U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1794–97), Prussia (1797–1801); State Senate (Massachusetts, 1802); United States Senate (Massachusetts, 1803–08); U.S. Minister to Russia (1809–14), Great Britain (1815–17); United States Secretary of State (1817–25); President of the United States (1825–29); United States House (Massachusetts, 1831–48).[9] LT $500 (1869)
Thomas Hart Benton[10]
Born: 14 March 1782
(Orange County, North Carolina)
Died: 10 April 1858
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Democratic-Republican, Jacksonian, Democrat 		  United States Senate (Missouri, 1821–51); United States House (Missouri, 1853–55). GC $100 (1870)
Salmon Portland Chase[11]
Born: 13 January 1808
(Cornish, New Hampshire)
Died: 7 May 1873
(New York, New York)
Free Soil, Republican, Free Soil Democrat; Episcopalian[12] 		  United States Senate (Ohio, 1849–55 & 1861); Governor (Ohio, 1856–60); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1861–64); Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1864–73).[nb 3]

LT $1 (1862)
CITN $10 (1863)
IBN $10 (1864)
IBN $1,000 (1861)
FRN $10,000 (1918)
SSN $10,000 (1928–1934)

William Clark
Born: 1 August 1770
(Caroline County, Virginia)
Died: 1 September 1838
(St. Louis, Missouri) 		  Explorer
Captain, United States Army (1789–96); Superintendent of Indian Affairs (1807–13 & 1822–38);[14] Governor, Missouri Territory (1813–20).[15]

LT $10 (1901)

Henry Clay[16]
Born: 12 April 1777
(Hanover County, Virginia)
Died: 29 June 1852
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Democratic-Republican, National Republican, Whig; Baptist[17] 		  State House (Kentucky, 1803); United States Senate (Kentucky, 1806–07 & 1810–11); Speaker of the House (1811–14, 1815–20, 1823–25);[nb 4] United States Secretary of State (1825–29); United States Senate, KY (1831–43 & 1849–52).[17]

LT $50 (1869)

Grover Cleveland[19]
Born: 18 March 1837
(Caldwell, New Jersey)
Died: 24 June 1908
(Princeton, New Jersey)
Democrat; Presbyterian 		  Governor (New York, 1883–85); President of the United States (1885–89, 1893–97).[nb 5]

FRBN $20 (1915)
FRN $20 (1914)
SSN $1,000 (1928–1934)

DeWitt Clinton[20]
Born: 2 March 1769
(Napanoch, New York)
Died: 11 February 1828
(Albany, New York)
Federalist, Democratic-Republican 		  State House (New York, 1797–98); State Senate, (New York, 1798–1802 & 1805–11); United States Senate (New York, 1802–03); Mayor, New York City (1803–07, 1808-1810 & 1811-15); Lieutenant Governor (New York, 1811–13); Candidate for President (1812); Governor (New York, 1817–23, 1825–28).[21]

LT $1,000 (1869)

Stephen Decatur[22]
Born: 5 January 1779
(Sinepuxent, [Maryland]])
Died: 22 March 1820
(Bladensburg, Maryland)[nb 6] 		  Commodore, United States Navy; Quasi-War, First Barbary War; Awarded Congressional Gold Medal(1813).

SC $20 (1878)

Edward Everett[24]
Born: 11 April 1794
(Charlestown, Massachusetts)
Died: 15 January 1865
(Boston, Massachusetts)
Republican; Unitarian[25] 		  United States House (Massachusetts, 1825–35); Governor (Massachusetts, 1836–40); U.S. Minister to Great Britain (1841–45);[nb 7] United States Secretary of State (1852–53); United States Senate (Massachusetts, 1853–54).

SC $50 (1878)

David Glasgow Farragut[27]
Born: 5 July 1801
(Campbell’s Station, Tennessee)
Died: 14 August 1870
(Portsmouth, [New Hampshire]]) 		  Admiral, Commander-in-Chief (1861–70),[28] United States Navy (1810–1868); War of 1812, West Indies, American Civil War;[nb 8] Received Thanks of Congress (1862[nb 9] & 1866).[nb 10]

TN $100 (1890)

William Pitt Fessenden[30]
Born: 16 October 1806
(Boscawen, New Hampshire)
Died: 8 September 1869
(Portland, Maine)
Whig, Opposition, Republican 		  State House (Maine, 1832, 1840, 1845–46, 1853–54); United States House (Maine, 1841–43); United States Senate (Maine, 1854–64); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1864–65).[31]

NBN $20 (1882, reverse)

Benjamin Franklin[32]
Born: 17 January 1706
(Boston, Massachusetts)
Died: 17 April 1790
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Federalist 		  Founder; Delegate, Pennsylvania, Continental Congress; U.S. Postmaster General (1775, Inaugural Holder); Signer, Declaration of Independence (1776); U.S. Minister to France (1778–85), Sweden (1782–83); President of Pennsylvania (1785–88); Delegate, Pennsylvania, U.S. Constitutional Convention (1787).

LT $50 (1874)
RC $10 (1879)
FRN $100 (1914)
SSN $100 (1928–present)

Robert Fulton[33]
Born: 14 November 1765
(Little Britain, Pennsylvania)
Died: 24 February 1815
(New York, New York) 		  Engineer; Inventor[nb 11]

SC $2 (1896, reverse)

Albert Gallatin[35]
Born: 29 January 1761
(Geneva, Switzerland)
Died: 12 August 1849
(Astoria (Queens), New York)
Democratic-Republican; Huguenot[36] 		  State House (Pennsylvania, 1790–92); United States Senate (Pennsylvania, 1793–94);[nb 12] United States House (Pennsylvania, 1795–1801); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1801–14); U.S. Minister to France (1815–23), Great Britain (1826–27).[36]

LT $500 (1862)

James Abram Garfield[38]
Born: 19 November 1831
(Orange, Ohio)
Died: 19 September 1881
(Elberon, New Jersey)
Republican; Disciples of Christ[36] 		  State Senate, (Ohio, 1859–61);[39] Major General, United States Army, (1861–63), American Civil War;[40] United States House (Ohio, 1863–81); President of the United States (1881). Shot by Charles J. Guiteau[nb 13] on 2 July 1881.[42][nb 14]

NBN $5 (1882)
GC $20 (1882)

Ulysses Simpson Grant[44]
Born: 27 April 1822
(Point Pleasant, Ohio)
Died: 23 July 1885
(Mt. McGregor, New York)
Republican, Methodist[nb 15] 		  Commanding General (1864–69), United States Army (1843–54, 1861–69 & 1877–85);[nb 16] United States Secretary of War, (Interim, 12 August 1867 – 12 January 1868);[45] President of the United States (1869–77)
Mexican-American War, American Civil War; Received Thanks of Congress (1863) and awarded The Congressional Gold Medal(1863).[nb 17]

SC $1 (1899)
SC $5 (1886), (1896, reverse)
FRBN $50 (1918)
FRN $50 (1914)
GC $50 (1913)
SSN $50 (1928–present)

Alexander Hamilton[48]
Born: 11 January 1757
(Charlestown, Nevis)
Died: 12 July 1804[nb 18]
(New York, New York)
Federalist[50] 		  Founder; Lieutenant Colonel, Continental Army (1775–); Continental Congress (1782–83); State House (New York, 1787);[nb 19] United States Secretary of the Treasury (1789–95); Major General, Senior Officer, United States Army (1799–1800);[51] American Revolutionary War, Quasi-War.

DN $5 (1861)
LT $2 (1862)
LT $5 (1862)
LT $20 (1869)
LT $50 (1862)
CITN $50 (1863)
IBN $50 (1864)
IBN $500 (1864)
FRN $1,000 (1918)
GC $1,000 (1870)
SSN $10 (1928–present)

Winfield Scott Hancock[52]
Born: 14 February 1824
(Montgomery County, Pennsylvania)
Died: 9 February 1886
(Governors Island, New York)
Democrat; Baptist 		  Major General (1866–1886), United States Army (1844–1886); Mexican-American War, American Civil War. Supervised the execution of the Lincoln assassination conspirators; Received Thanks of Congress (1866);[nb 20] Candidate for President (1880).

SC $2 (1886)

Benjamin Harrison[54]
Born: 20 August 1833
(North Bend, Ohio)
Died: 13 March 1901
(Indianapolis, Indiana)
Republican; Presbyterian[55] 		  Brigadier General, United States Army (1862–65),[56] American Civil War; United States Senate (Indiana, 1881–87); President of the United States (1889–93).[nb 21]

NBN $5 (1902)

Thomas Andrews Hendricks[58]
Born: 7 September 1819
(Muskingum County, Ohio)
Died: 25 November 1885
(Indianapolis, Indiana)
Democrat; Presbyterian, Episcopalian[59] 		  State House (Indiana, 1848–49); United States House (Indiana, 1851–55); Assistant Treasurer of the United States (1853); United States Senate (Indiana, 1863–69); Governor (Indiana, 1873–77); Vice President of the United States (1885, Died in Office).[59]

SC $10 (1886)

Michael Hillegas[60]
Born: 22 April 1729
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Died: 29 September 1804
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 		  Provincial Assembly (Pennsylvania, 1765–75); Treasurer of the United States (1775–89, Inaugural Holder).

GC $10 (1907)

Andrew Jackson[61]
Born: 15 March 1767
(The Waxhaws, South Carolina)
Died: 8 June 1845
(Nashville, Tennessee)
Democratic-Republican, Democrat; Presbyterian[62] 		  United States House (Tennessee, 1796–97); United States Senate (Tennessee, 1797–98); Judge, Tennessee Supreme Court (1798–1804); Major General, United States Army, American Revolutionary War, Creek War, War of 1812, Awarded Congressional Gold Medal(1815); Military Governor of Florida (10 March 1821 – 18 July 1821); United States Senate (Tennessee, 1823–25);[nb 22]President of the United States (1829–37). An assassination attempt (the first on a U.S. President) was made by Richard Lawrence[nb 23] on 30 January 1835 outside the Capitol building.[63]

LT $5 (1869)
LT $10,000 (1878)
IBN $50 [Two-Year] (1861)
FRBN $10 (1915)
FRN $10 (1914)
GC $10,000 (1870)
SSN $20 (1928–present)

Thomas Jefferson[64]
Born: 13 April 1743
(Shadwell, Virginia)
Died: 4 July 1826
(Albemarle County, Virginia)
Democratic-Republican; nondenominational Protestant[65] 		  Founder; House of Burgesses (Virginia, 1769); Delegate, Virginia Continental Congress (1775–76 & 1783–84); Signer, Declaration of Independence (1776); Governor (Virginia, 1779–81); U.S. Minister to France (1785–89); United States Secretary of State (1790–93, Inaugural Holder ); Candidate for President (1796); Vice President of the United States (1797–1801); President of the United States (1801–09).[nb 24]

LT $2 (1869)
FRBN $2 (1918)
SSN $2 (1928–present)

John Jay Knox, Jr. [66]
Born: 19 March 1828
(Augusta, New York)
Died: 12 February 1892
(New York, New York) 		  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the Treasury (1872–84).[67]

NBN $100 (1902)

Meriwether Lewis[68]
Born: 18 August 1774
(Ivy, Virginia)
Died: 11 October 1809
(Hohenwald, Tennessee) 		  Explorer; Governor, Louisiana/Missouri Territory (1807–09).[69]

LT $10 (1901)

Abraham Lincoln[70]
Born: 12 February 1809
(Hardin County, Kentucky)
Died: 15 April 1865
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Whig, Republican; [Non-denominational][71] 		  State House (Illinois, 1834–41); United States House (Illinois, 1847–49); President of the United States (1861–65).[71] Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth[nb 25] on 15 April 1865.[72]

DN $1 (1861)
LT $10 (1862)
LT $100 (1869)
CITN $20 (1863)
IBN $20 (1864)
SC $1 (1899)
SC $5 (1923)
FRBN $5 (1915)
FRN $5 (1914)
GC $500 (1870)
SSN $5 (1928–present)

James Madison[73]
Born: 16 March 1751
(Port Conway, Virginia)
Died: 28 June 1836
(Montpelier, Virginia)
Opposition, Republican; Episcopalian[74] 		  Founder; Member, First General Assembly of Virginia (1776); Delegate, Virginia, Continental Congress (1780–83 & 1786–88); Virginia House of Delegates (1783–86); U.S. Constitutional Convention (1787); United States House (Virginia, 1789–97);[nb 26] United States Secretary of State (1801–09); President of the United States (1809–17).

LT $5,000 (1878)
FRN $5,000 (1918)
GC $5,000 (1870)
SSN $5,000 (1928–1934)

Daniel Manning[nb 27]
Born: 16 May 1831
(Albany, New York)
Died: 24 December 1887
(Albany, New York)
Democrat[75] 		  United States Secretary of the Treasury (1885–87)

SC $20 (1886)

Joseph King Fenno Mansfield[76]
Born: 22 December 1803
(New Haven, Connecticut)
Died: 18 September 1862
(Sharpsburg, Maryland) 		  Major General (1862), United States Army (1822–62);[nb 28] Mexican-American War, American Civil War.

LT $500 (1874)

William Learned Marcy[78]
Born: 12 December 1786
(Southbridge, Massachusetts)
Died: 4 July 1857
(Ballston Spa, New York)
Jacksonian, Democrat[75] 		  Adjutant General, New York State Militia (1821–23); New York State Comptroller (1823); Judge, New York Supreme Court (1829–31); United States Senate (New York, 1831–33); Governor (New York, 1833–39); Commissioner of Mexican Claims (1839–42); United States Secretary of War (1845–49); United States Secretary of State (1853–57).[75]

SC $1,000 (1878)

John Marshall[79]
Born: 24 September 1755
(Germantown, Virginia)
Died: 6 July 1835
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Federalist; Episcopalian[80] 		  Captain, Continental Army (1776–81),[81] American Revolutionary War; Virginia General Assembly (1782–91, 1797);[nb 29] U.S. Minister to France (1797); United States House (Virginia, 1799–1800); United States Secretary of State (1800–01); Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801–35).[nb 30][nb 31]

TN $20 (1890)
FRN $500 (1918)

Hugh McCulloch[84]
Born: 7 December 1801
(Kennebunk, Maine)
Died: 24 May 1895
(Prince George's County, Maryland)
Republican 		  Comptroller of the Currency (1863–65);[nb 32] United States Secretary of the Treasury (1865–69 & 1884–85).

NBN $20 (1902)

William McKinley, Jr.[86]
Born: 29 January 1843
(Niles, Ohio)
Died: 14 September 1901
(Buffalo, New York)
Republican; Methodist[87] 		  Major, United States Army (1861–65),[nb 33] American Civil War; United States House (Ohio, 1877–84 & 1885–91); Governor (Ohio, 1892–96);[87] President of the United States (1897–1901). Shot by Leon Czolgosz[nb 34] on 6 September 1901.[89]

NBN $10 (1902)
SSN $500 (1928–1934)

James Birdseye McPherson[90]
Born: 14 November 1828
(Clyde, Ohio)
Died: 22 July 1864
(Atlanta, Georgia) 		  Major General (1862–64), United States Army (1853–64), American Civil War; Killed in battle.[91]

TN $2 (1890)

George Gordon Meade[92]
Born: 31 December 1815
(Cadiz, Spain)
Died: 6 November 1872
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 		  Major General (1862–69), United States Army (1835–69); Mexican-American War, American Civil War; Received Thanks of Congress (1864).[nb 35]

TN $1,000 (1890)

James Monroe[94]
Born: 28 April 1758
(Westmoreland County, Virginia)
Died: 4 July 1831
(New York, New York)
Democratic-Republican; Episcopalian[95] 		  Major, Continental Army (1776–79); Colonel, Virginia State Militia (1780); American Revolutionary War;[96] Continental Congress (1783–86); State House (Virginia, 1786 & 1810–11); United States Senate (Virginia, 1790–94); U.S. Minister to France (1794–96); Governor (Virginia, 1799–1802 & 1811); U.S. Minister to Great Britain (1803–07); United States Secretary of State (1811–14 & 1815–17); United States Secretary of War (Interim, 27 August 1814 – 15 March 1815);[97] President of the United States (1817–25).

SC $100 (1878)

Robert Morris[98]
Born: 31 January 1734
(Liverpool, England)
Died: 8 May 1806
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Pro-Administration, Federalist 		  Founder; Delegate, Pennsylvania, Continental Congress (1776); Signer, Declaration of Independence (1776); State House (Pennsylvania, 1778–81 & 1785–87); United States Superintendent of Finance (1781–84).

LT $1,000 (1862)
SC $10 (1878)

Samuel Finley Breese Morse [99]
Born: 27 April 1791
(Charlestown (Boston), Massachusetts)
Died: 2 April 1872
(New York, New York) 		  Inventor,[100] Morse Telegraph; Co-Inventor, Morse Code; Painter.[101]

SC $2 (1896, reverse)

Running Antelope
Born: c.1821
Died: c.1896 		  Sioux Chief of the Hunkpapa

SC $5 (1899)

Winfield Scott[102]
Born: 13 June 1786
(Dinwiddie County, Virginia)
Died: 29 May 1866
(West Point, New York)
Whig 		  Commanding General (1841–61), United States Army (1808–61); War of 1812, Seminole Wars, Black Hawk War, Mexican-American War, American Civil War; Military Governor, Mexico City (1847–48); United States Secretary of War (Interim, 24 July 1850 – 15 August 1850);[103] Candidate for President (1852). Awarded Congressional Gold Medal(1814[nb 36] and 1848).[nb 37]

IBN $500 [Two-Year] (1861)
IBN $100 [Three-Year] (1864)

William Henry Seward[105]
Born: 16 May 1801
(Florida, New York)
Died: 16 October 1872
(Auburn, New York)
Whig, Republican[106]
  State Senate (New York, 1831–34); Governor (New York, 1839–43); United States Senate (New York, 1849–61);[106] United States Secretary of State (1861–69).[nb 38] An assassination attempt was made by Lewis Powell, a co-conspirator of John Wilkes Booth, the same night President Lincoln was shot (15 April 1865).[107]

TN $50 (1891)

Philip Henry Sheridan[108]
Born: 6 March 1831
(Albany, New York)
Died: 5 August 1888
(Dartmouth, Massachusetts) 		  Commanding General (1883–88), United States Army (1853–88);[nb 39] American Civil War, Indian Wars. Received Thanks of Congress (1865).[nb 40]

SC $5 (1896, reverse)
TN $10 (1890)

John Sherman[109]
Born: 10 May 1823
(Lancaster, Ohio)

Died: 22 October 1900
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Republican; Methodist[110]

  United States House (Ohio, 1855–61); United States Senate (Ohio, 1861–77 & 1881–97);[nb 41] United States Secretary of the Treasury (1877–81); United States Secretary of State (1897–98).

NBN $50 (1902)

William Tecumseh Sherman[111]
Born: 8 February 1820
(Lancaster, Ohio)
Died: 14 February 1891
(New York, New York) 		  United States Secretary of War (Interim, 9 September 1869 – 18 October 1869);[110] Commanding General (1869–83), United States Army (1840–84); American Civil War, Indian Wars. Received Thanks of Congress (1864[nb 42] & 1865).[nb 43]

TN $500 (1891)

Edwin McMasters Stanton[113]
Born: 19 December 1814
(Stubenville, [Ohio]])
Died: 24 December 1869
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Democratic-Republican; Quaker 		  United States Attorney General (1860–61); United States Secretary of War (1862–68);[nb 44] United States Supreme Court (appointed 1869, died before taking office).[113]

TN $1 (1890)

Charles Sumner[114]
Born: 6 January 1811
(Charlestown (Boston), Massachusetts)
Died: 11 March 1874
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Free Soil, Opposition, Republican 		  United States Senate (Massachusetts, 1851–74).

SC $500 (1878)

George H. Thomas[115]
Born: 31 July 1816
(Newsom's Depot, Virginia)
Died: 28 March 1870
(San Francisco, California) 		  Major General (1864–70),[nb 45] United States Army (1840–70); Mexican-American War, American Civil War. Received Thanks of Congress (1865).[nb 46]

TN $5 (1890)

George Washington[117]
Born: 22 February 1732
(Westmoreland County, Virginia)
Died: 14 December 1799
(Mt.Vernon, Virginia) 		  Founder; Virginia House of Burgesses (1758–75);[118] Delegate, VA, Continental Congress (1774–75); Commander-in-Chief, Continental Army (1775–83);[119] Member, U.S. Constitutional Convention (1787); President of the United States (1789–97); Lieutenant General, Commander of the United States Army (1798–99).[120][nb 47]

LT $1 (1869)
CITN $100 (1863)
IBN $100 (1864)
IBN $1,000 [Two-Year] (1861)
IBN $500 [Three-Year] (1861)
SC $1 (1896, reverse)
SC $1 (1923)
SC $2 (1899)
FRBN $1 (1918)
GC $20 (1905)
SSN $1 (1928–present)

Martha Washington[122]
Born: 2 June 1731
(Chestnut Grove, Virginia)
Died: 22 May 1802
(Mt.Vernon, Virginia) 		  First Lady of the United States (1789–97).

SC $1 (1886)
SC $1 (1896, reverse)

Daniel Webster[123]
Born: 18 January 1782
(Salisbury, New Hampshire)
Died: 24 October 1852
(Marshfield, Massachusetts)
Whig, Anti-Jacksonian (Adams), Federalist; Presbyterian[124] 		 

United States House (New Hampshire, 1813–17); United States House (Massachusetts, 1823–27); United States Senate (Massachusetts, 1827–41 & 1845–50); Candidate for President (1836); United States Secretary of State (1841–43 & 1850–52).[124]

LT $10 (1869)

Woodrow Wilson[125]
Born: 28 December 1856
(Staunton, Virginia)
Died: 3 February 1924
(Washington, District of Columbia)
Democrat; Presbyterian[125] 		  Governor (New Jersey, 1911–13);[nb 48] President of the United States (1913–21). Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (1919).[126]

SSN $100,000 (1934)

William Windom[127]
Born: 10 May 1827
(Belmont County, Ohio)

Died: 29 January 1891
(New York, New York)
Republican; Quaker[125]

  United States House (Minnesota, 1859–69); United States Senate (Minnesota, 1870–71, 1871–81 & 1881–83); United States Secretary of the Treasury (1881, 1889–91).[125]

SC $2 (1891)

Silas Wright, Jr. [128]
Born: 24 May 1795
(Amherst, Massachusetts)

Died: 27 August 1847
(Canton, New York)
Jacksonian, Democrat

  United States House (New York, 1827–29 & 1829–30); United States Senate (New York, 1833–44); Governor (New York, 1845–47).

GC $50 (1882)

Summary of titles/positions edit

The table below summarizes the titles/positions held, at one time or another, by the 53 individuals depicted on United States Bank Notes from 1861 to the present. The list of positions is not exhaustive, but does address the central elected federal and state officials, members of the President’s cabinet, military figureheads, and the founders and framers of our government.

The table indicates that 53 people held at least 132 elected and appointed positions for a cumulative total of over 763 years of public service.

Summary of titles/positions held
Position/title # People Total years
President of the United States 13 81
Vice President 2 5
Speaker of the House 1 10
President pro tem 1 2
Secretary of State 11 51
Secretary of the Treasury 8 39
Secretary of War 3 12
Attorney General 1 1
United States Senate 20 214
United States House 17 122
State Senate 6 20
State House 11 48
Governor 15 59
Delegate, Continental Congress 7
Signer, Declaration of Independence 3
Member, U.S. Constitutional Convention 5
Commanding General 6 56
Supreme Court 2 43

Notes edit

  1. ^ An Act to Authorize the Issue of United States Notes, and for the Redemption or Funding Thereof, and for Funding the Floating Debt of the United States. Feb 25, 1862 Vol. XII, p.345 (original).[2]
  2. ^ Placement of an individual on a banknote by an Act of Congress supersedes Treasury Department approval .[3]
  3. ^ As Chief Justice, Chase presided over the 1868 impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson.[13]
  4. ^ According to Presidential succession at the time, the Speaker of the House was not positioned above members of the Cabinet. This change occurred in 1945.[18]
  5. ^ Cleveland is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms in office[19]
  6. ^ Decatur was fatally wounded in a duel by court-martialed former Naval Commodore James Barron on 22 March 1820.[23]
  7. ^ Everett, a Harvard University graduate and ordained pastor, served as President of his alma mater from 1846 to 1849[26]
  8. ^ One of the heroes of the Civil War, Farragut is remembered for his battle cry when attacking Forts Gaines and Morgan during the Battle of Mobile Bay, “Damn the torpedos [mines]!” Farragut was the first naval officer to be awarded the rank of Vice Admiral (1864) and Admiral (1866).[29]
  9. ^ 11 July 1862 Thanks of Congress were presented to Farragut and his troops “…for their successful operations on the lower Mississippi River and for their gallantry displayed in the capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and the city of New Orleans, and in the destruction of the enemy’s gunboats and armed flotilla.”[28]
  10. ^ 10 February 1866 Thanks of Congress were presented to Farragut and his troops “…for the unsurpassed gallantry and skill exhibited by them in the engagement in Mobile Bay, on the fifth day of August, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, and for their long and faithful service and unwavering devotion to the cause of the country in the midst of the greatest difficulties and dangers…”[28]
  11. ^ Fulton is credited with designing and constructing the first commercially successful steamship. He is also noted for engineering canals, and submarine design.[34]
  12. ^ Gallatin’s 1793 election to the U.S. Senate was nullified in 1794 after it was pointed out he had not been a citizen for the required nine years.[37]
  13. ^ A 1985 psychological study based on U.S. Secret Service archival files suggests that Guiteau had psychopathic traits and was aware of the consequences of his actions when he shot President Garfield.[41]
  14. ^ Guiteau, an attorney, in a letter dated the day of the assassination attempt, stated “I have just shot the President. I shot him several times, as I wished him to go as easily as possible. His death was a necessity. I am a lawyer, theologian and politician...[43]
  15. ^ Grant was baptized Methodist four months before his death.[45]
  16. ^ Grant graduated from West Point in 1843 and served in the U.S. Army until 1854. He was a farmer and worked in real estate until the onset of the Civil War in 1861.[46]
  17. ^ 17 December 1863 Thanks of Congress were presented “to Major-General Ulysses S. Grant, and through him to the officers and soldiers who have fought under his command during the rebellion, for their gallantry and good conduct in the battles in which they have been engaged, and that the President of the United States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck, with suitable emblems, devices, and inscriptions, to be presented to Major-General Grant…”[47]
  18. ^ Hamilton was fatally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr on 11 July 1804.[49]
  19. ^ Hamilton began publishing the “Federalist” series on 27 October 1787.[50]
  20. ^ 21 April 1866 Thanks of Congress were presented "...to the officers and soldiers of the Army of the Potomac for the skill and heroic valor which at Gettysburg repulsed, defeated, and drove back broken and dispirited the veteran army of the rebellion, the gratitude of the American people and the Thanks of their representatives in Congress are likewise due, and are hereby tendered, to Major General Winfiled S. Hancock, for his gallant, meritorious, and conspicuous share in that great and decisive victory.”[53]
  21. ^ Election results were split, Cleveland (the incumbent President) won the popular vote while Harrison won the electoral vote.[57]
  22. ^ Jackson resigned from the U.S. Senate in 1825 following an unsuccessful Presidential candidacy in 1824. Jackson won the majority of electoral votes but the U.S. House of Representatives chose his opponent, John Quincy Adams.[62]
  23. ^ Psychological evidence based on U.S. Secret Service archival files suggests that Lawrence was mentally unstable and suffering from delusions (e.g., he believed he was the King of England) at the time he attacked President Jackson.[41]
  24. ^ The 1800 Presidential election resulted in a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The U.S. House of Representatives elected Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.[65]
  25. ^ A study using archival file information from the U.S. Secret Service suggests that Booth was a chronically frustrated outcast, who sought acceptance, attention, and recognition from others.[41]
  26. ^ In 1794, Madison declined both U.S. Minister to France and Secretary of State posts offered by President Washington.[74]
  27. ^ Manning was editor and president of the Albany Atlas. He was a director of the National Commercial Bank of Albany (1873), and Vice President (1881)and President (1882) of the National Bank of Albany, NY.[75]
  28. ^ Mansfield was Inspector General of the United States Army from 1853 to 1861. He was shot in the stomach during the Battle of Antietam on 17 September 1862.[77]
  29. ^ Marshall declined the posts of Attorney General (offered by Washington) and an appointment to the Supreme Court in 1798 (by Madison).[80]
  30. ^ Marshall presided over the Aaron Burr trial for treason (1807).[82]
  31. ^ Marshall wrote over 500 decisions including landmark cases addressing the Court’s right to interpret the Constitution and exercise judicial review (e.g., Marbury v. Madison, 1803; McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819).[83]
  32. ^ McCulloch practiced law in Indiana (1833–35) before becoming director of the Fort Wayne branch of the Indiana state bank (1836–56). Following his first tenure as Secretary of the Treasury (1865–69), McCulloch partnered with Jay Cooke (1870) to form a New York banking firm.[85]
  33. ^ McKinley enlisted as a private and was promoted through the ranks to Brevet Major.[88]
  34. ^ An archival study using U.S. Secret Service data suggests that Czolgosz was a socially inept, highly detached, and introverted person. Evidense suggests that Czolgosz was once an ardent Catholic who was reasonably well grounded. His subsequent loss of faith and adoption of an anarchistic belief system contributed to his break with reality.[41]
  35. ^ 28 January 1864 Thanks of Congress were presented to “Maj. Gen. George G. Meade and the officers and soldiers of [the Army of the Potomac], for the skill and heroic valor which at Gettyburg repulsed, defeated, and drove back, broken and dispirited, beyond the Rappahannock, the veteran army of the rebellion.” [93]
  36. ^ 3 November 1814 Congress issued a resolution “that the President of the United States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck, with suitable emblems and devices, and presented to Major General Scott, in testimony of the high sense entertained by Congress of his distinguished services in the successive conflicts of Chippewa and Niagra [Canada], and of his uniform gallantry and good conduct in sustaining the reputation of the arms of the United States [on 5–25 July 1814].”[104]
  37. ^ On 9 March 1848, a second Congressional Gold Medal was authrorized to be presented to “Winfield Scott, Major General commanding in chief of the army in Mexico, and through him to the officers and men of the regular and volunteer corps under him, for their uniform gallantry and good conduct conspicuously displayed at the siege and capture of the city of Veracruz and Castle San Juan de Ulloa, March twenty-ninth, eighteen hundred and forty-seven; and in the successive battles of Cerro Gordo, April eighteenth; Contreras, San Antonio, and Churubusco, August nineteenth and twentieth; and for the victories achieved in front of the city of Mexico, September eight, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth, and the capture of the metropolis, September fourteenth, eithteen hundred and forty-seven in which the Mexican troops, greatly superior in numbers, and in every advantage of position, were in every conflict signally defeated by the American arms, and that the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, requested to cause to be struck a gold medal with devices and emblematical of the series of brilliant victories achieved by the army, and presented to Major-General Winfield Scott as a testimony of the high sense entertained by congress of his valor, skill, and judicious conduct in the memorable campaign of eighteen hundred and forty-seven.”[104]
  38. ^ In 1867 Seward negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which contemporary critics termed “Seward’s Folly.”[106]
  39. ^ Sheridan was suspended from West Point for one year for fighting with a classmate, William R. Terrill.[108]
  40. ^ On 9 February 1865, Thanks of Congress were presented “to Major-General Philip H. Shewridan and to the officers and men under his command for the gallantry, military skill, and courage displayed in the brilliant series of victories achieved by them in the valley of the Shenandoah, and especially for their service at Cedar Run on the nineteenth day of October, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, which retrieved the fortunes of the day and thus averted a great disaster.”[108]
  41. ^ Sherman served as president pro tem of the U.S. Senate from 1885 to 1887.[110]
  42. ^ 19 February 1864, Thanks of Congress were presented “to Major-General W.T. Sherman, commander of the department and army of the Tennessee, and the officers and soldier under him, for their gallant and arduous services in marching to the relief of the Army of the Cumberland, and for their gallantry and heroism in the battle of Chattanooga, which contributed in a great degree to the success of our arms in that glorious victory.”[112]
  43. ^ 10 January 1865, Thanks of Congress were presented “to Major-General William T. Sherman, and through him to the officers and the men of his command, for their gallantry and good conduct in their late campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and the triumphal march thence through Georgia to Savannah, terminating in the capture and occupation of that city.”[112]
  44. ^ In 1867, Stanton ignored President Johnson’s request for his resignation. Stanton was suspended and temporarily replaced by Ulysses S. Grant. This was a factor leading to Johnson's impeachment trial.[113]
  45. ^ Thomas was nominated for promotion to Lieutenant General and General in 1868, but the nomination was dropped.[116]
  46. ^ 3 March 1865 Thanks of Congress were presented “to Major-General George H. Thomas and the officers and soldiers under his command for their skill and dauntless courage, by which the rebel army under General Hood was signally defeated and driven from the state of Tennessee.”[116]
  47. ^ Washington was posthumously conferred the rank of General of the Armies, a rarely awarded 5-Star title.[121]
  48. ^ Wilson was president of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910.[125]

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Books edit

  • Eicher, John H. and David J. (2001). Civil War High Commands Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
  • Friedberg, Arthur L. and Ira S. (2010). Paper Money of the United States, 19th Edition. Clifton, NJ, The Coin & Currency Institute, Inc. ISBN 0-87184-519-9.
  • Heitman, Francis B. (1914). Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During The War of the Revolution. Washington, DC, The Rare Book Shop Publishing Company, Inc.
  • Rosenberg, Charles E. (1968). The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau: Psychiatry and the Law in the Gilded Age. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72717-3.
  • Sobel, Robert, (ed.) (1990). Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch 1774–1989. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26593-3.
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