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Steven Seagal
File:XSteven seagalpa.jpg
Seagal at the Pollstar Awards, February 2006
Other namesChungdrag Dorje, Takeshigemichi
Spouse(s)Miyako Fujitani (1975–1986)
Adrienne La Russa (1984–1987)
Kelly LeBrock (1987–1996)
Websitehttp://www.stevenseagal.com/

Steven F. Seagal (born April 10 1951) is an American actor, producer, writer, director, martial artist and recording artist. He is best known for his portrayal of action heroes.

Seagal first came to fame in the 1988 film Above the Law which was a success and grossed $20 million at the box office[citation needed]. Seagal's film debut was the result of being an Aikido master. Seagal moved to Japan at age XX to study Aikido[citation needed]. Whilst living there he became fluent in Japanese[citation needed]. After years training and fighting in a dojo there, Seagal was promoted to 7th degree black belt making him a Master of Aikido[citation needed]. This award of the title of master is disputed by Seagal's ex-wife, Miyako Fujitani[citation needed]. Seagal became the first westerner to successfully operate an Aikido dojo in Japan[citation needed], the XXXX dojo owned by his Japanese in-laws[citation needed]. During his time in Japan, Seagal became a devout Buddhist, a faith he still practices[citation needed] In 19XX, he left Japan and returned to the United States settling in Los Angeles where he opened a new dojo. Seagal's ability as a master of Aikido attracted a celebrity clientele. It was this celbraty contact at the dojo that led to his film debut. Other notable films are; Under Siege (1992) and Under Siege 2. In total his movies have grossed over $850 million worldwide.[1]. Seagal s also a sherrif's deputy for Jefferson Parish, LA, USA[citation needed].

Seagal is also an accomplished blues guitarist[citation needed] and has performed on stage with B.B. King[citation needed] and Ja Rule[citation needed] and has released two albums[citation needed]. He speaks on issues affecting American Indians[citation needed] and the environment[citation needed]. He has given away a large portion of his wealth to charities such as; XXXXa, XXXXb and XXXXc[citation needed][citation needed][citation needed].

Early years edit

Youth edit

Seagal was born in Lansing, Michigan, where he lived until he was five years old. His mother, Patricia, was a medical technician, and his father a high school math teacher.[2] The family relocated to Fullerton, California, where Seagal attended the Buena Park High School in Buena Park, California[citation needed]. Following his graduation, Seagal held one of his first jobs at the local Burger King[citation needed].

At the age of seven Seagal first began studying martial arts under the direction of Shito-ryu karate master Fumio Demura and Aikido under Rod Kobayashi[citation needed]. He earned belts[citation needed] in Aikido, Karate, Judo, and Kendo and in his late teens, Seagal became part of Demura's Karate Demonstration Team and performed daily demonstrations in the former Japanese Village and Deer Park, in Southern California[citation needed]. In 1974, he was promoted by Kobayashi-sensei to shodan in Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido[citation needed] however this is disputed by his ex-wife Miyako Fujitani[citation needed].

[[Image:Seagalearly.jpg|thumb|right|170px|A young Steven Seagal in Japan.]]

Japan edit

After graduating from Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa, California, Seagal moved to Japan with then-girlfriend Miyako Fujitani, native of Japan whom he later married, and lived with her parents, who owned an aikido school; allegations surfaced that he left to avoid the Vietnam draft at the time, and married Ms. Fujitani to provide reasonable evidence to his remaining there in spite of a possible draft-call.[3]

During this time in Japan, Seagal changed affiliation from Koichi Tohei's Ki Society and Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido to the Aikikai. Under the title Master Take Shigemichi, Seagal was reputedly the first foreigner ever to own and operate an aikido dojo in Japan (though his in-laws, and not himself, were the actual owners): the Aikido Tenshin Dojo in the city of Osaka. Seagal claims that he battled the yakuza (Japanese mafia) over the rights to the Aikido Tenshin Dojo, which he claims that his wife's father lost in a gambling game; however, his former wife Miyako Fujitani, claims "it's a lie", and that he "yelled at some drunks, but never fought anyone".[3]

Fujitani likewise claims that Seagal never properly earned his aikido titles — a claim supported by the fact that Seagal, despite claiming world-class fighting skills, never has once competed in any notable match-up — while, like-wise, either losing or surrendering to all physical confrontations; however, advanced rank in Aikido does not rely on "match ups", but examinations by superior teachers. Meanwhile, in 1988, he was offered the title role in Above the Law, because of his Master 6th Degree Black Belt in Aikido. He also impressed many Hollywood actors and actresses with his Martial Arts. Although people believe that Steven Seagal has claimed he was trained by Ōsensei Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, in a recent book by Vern titled Seagology (2008) he has only claimed to have seen him a couple of times demonstrate and has not had any other contact.

Return to the U.S. edit

Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with senior student, and later stuntman, Craig Dunn. There, they opened a dojo, but Seagal spent much of his time pursuing a film career and other ventures. Dunn stayed in New Mexico and currently still runs the dojo. After another period in Japan, he returned to the U.S. with senior student Haruo Matsuoka in 1983. They opened an aikido dojo, initially in Burbank, California, but later moved it to the city of West Hollywood. Seagal left Matsuoka in charge of the dojo, which he ran until the two parted in 1997. It was during that period that Seagal first found himself in contact with Hollywood. Initially, he worked as the martial arts co-ordinator for the films The Challenge (1982) starring Scott Glenn and Toshirô Mifune, and Never Say Never Again (1983) starring Sean Connery. Seagal then became a bodyguard to celebrities, such as future wife Kelly Le Brock and Hollywood agent Michael Ovitz. It was Ovitz who, impressed with Seagal's martial arts abilities, personally financed his screen test in front of Warner Bros. Executives, too, were impressed, and signed Seagal for his first film.

Hollywood career edit

The 1990s: the action hero years edit

In 1988, Seagal began work on his first film, Above the Law (titled Nico in Europe), with director Andrew Davis. Following its success, Seagal made three more movies — Hard to Kill, Marked for Death, and Out for Justice — that were box office hits, making him an action hero. Later, he achieved wider, mainstream success in 1992 with the release of Under Siege (1992). That film reunited Seagal with director Andrew Davis, and was a blockbuster in the U.S. and abroad, grossing $156.4 million worldwide. [4]

After the success of Under Siege, Seagal made his directorial debut with On Deadly Ground (1994) in which he starred with Michael Caine. The movie failed with audiences and critics, and was an estimated financial loss of $50 million to make, while grossing less than $39 million in the U.S. [5]

To recuperate popularity, he filmed a sequel to his most successful film Under Siege titled Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995) and the cop drama The Glimmer Man (1996). In 1996, he had his first supporting role, in the Kurt Russell film Executive Decision (1996), which featured him as in a starring role, but kept secret his character's fate. Then, he again made an environmentally-conscious film, Fire Down Below (1997), wherein he was an EPA agent fighting industrialists dumping toxic waste in the Kentucky hills, but the movie was commercially unsuccessful. This film ended his original multi-picture contract with Warner Bros., and because of its failure, his contract was not renewed.

Direct-to-video years edit

The next year, Seagal made The Patriot, another environmental thriller which was his first direct-to-video release in the United States (though it was released theatrically in most of the world). Seagal produced this film with his own money, and the film was shot on-location on and near his farm in Montana.

After taking a couple years to produce Prince of Central Park, Seagal returned to cinema screens with the release of Exit Wounds in March 2001. The film had fewer martial arts scenes than Seagal's previous films, but it was a commercial success, taking almost $80 million worldwide. However, he was unable to capitalise on this success and his next two projects were both critical and commercial failures. Ticker co-starring Tom Sizemore and Dennis Hopper, and filmed in San Francisco before Exit Wounds, went straight to DVD while Half Past Dead, starring rap star Ja Rule, made less than $20 million worldwide.

As of May 2008, all of the films Seagal has made since 2003 have been released direct-to-video (DTV) in North America, with only limited theatrical releases in the rest of the world. Though Seagal is credited as a producer (and sometimes a writer) on many of these DTV movies, it is unclear how deeply involved he was in their production - his voice is often dubbed in by another actor as seen in the film Attack Force and a double is used in almost any scene where his face is not shown clearly. The most notable stunt doubles are in his films Black Dawn, Belly of the Beast, Out of Reach and Submerged.

His latest direct-to-video films include Urban Justice (2007) and Pistol Whipped (2008). Another DTV film, Kill Switch, is due out in 2008. He is currently filming Ruslan for a projected 2009 release, and a self directed project, Prince of Pistols is also in the works. He has signed on with Sony to make a action film called The Keeper for director Keoni Waxman.

Work as filmmaker edit

Seagal intends to have his films remembered; "I am hoping that I can be known as a great writer and actor some day, rather than a sex symbol."[6] Seagal has clarified the purpose of his films: "Above the Law was a politically conscientious movie. On Deadly Ground was environmentally conscientious so I want to keep making movies like that which are more geared with a certain entertainment value but also bring people forward into contemplation."[7]

Seagal has produced many of the movies that he stars in, and has also participated in writing and directing. Seagal's roles do not fit the standard action hero archetype; instead, Seagal's characters are usually "born perfect", displaying no limitations, character flaws, or character development (as is typically included in the story arc for most action heroes). His characters are often associated with attributes given to action movie antagonists or villains, such as clandestine government associations (Under Siege), great wealth and high-level corporate ties (On Deadly Ground), high-level biochemical research skill (The Patriot). Seagal's characters are normally nigh-on invincible and are unable to be beaten or even slowed down. Reports state that Seagal insists on such roles, even allegedly becoming hysterical when his character was scripted to die a heroic death in the movie Executive Decision, when director Stuart Baird insisted he must do it as scripted. Seagal held up filming for a few days, and finally acted the death scene as scripted after threat of contractual breach.

While his acting performance in Above The Law gained praise from the likes of Roger Ebert,[8] Seagal has repeatedly faced criticism from both actors and fans who accuse him of playing the same character in many of his movies, as well as displaying a lack of emotional range.

Others have surmised that Seagal's unorthodox approach to film is actually an elaborate joke.[9] This is supported by Seagal's statement regarding humor: "I’m a very funny guy, if you’ll forgive me for saying so. When I did The Glimmer Man with Keenan Ivory Wayans, he and I were talking about who was funniest, and...I kicked his ass every day."[10] In addition, some of Seagal's own self-parody supports this view. In at least one commercial for Orange SA[11], Seagal pokes fun at his action star archetype.

Other career areas edit

Music edit

Seagal plays the guitar and writes his own songs[citation needed], which have been featured in several of his movies (such as Fire Down Below and Ticker)[citation needed]. In 2005, he released his first album entitled; Songs from the Crystal Cave It is a mixture of pop, world, and blues music[citation needed]. It features duets with Tony Rebel, Lt. Stichie, Lady Saw, and Stevie Wonder[citation needed]. The soundtrack to Seagal's 2005 film Into the Sun features several songs from the album[citation needed]. One of his album tracks, "Girl It's Alright", was also released as a single in parts of the world alongside an accompanying music video created for it[citation needed].

Seagal's second album, titled Mojo Priest, was released in April 2006[citation needed]. He toured the United States and Europe in 2006 with his band, Thunderbox, in support of the album[citation needed]. Having received good support from UK audiences[citation needed], the tour continued through early 2007. Seagal's music is a blend of Blues, Country, and World Music[citation needed]. Seagal is also known for his live cover versions including seminal works like Don Macleans' 'American Pie' and Hot Gossips' 'I Fell In Love With a Starship Trooper'[citation needed].

Work as a Deputy Sheriff edit

On the British TV program, The Friday Night Project, while appearing as the guest host in episode 6 of the fourth series of The Friday Night Project on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom,[12],[13]Mr. Seagal said that he is currently an active police officer of his home community of Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. Deputy Seagal provides support to the S.W.A.T. team in Jefferson Parish, training them in unarmed combat and firearms handling. Seagal was given an honorary US Customs ID by the US Customs in New Orleans, La. This led to an incident where Seagal attempted to board a commercial plane with a firearm. Seagal was not allowed to board because he was not a real federal agent. This also caused some embarrassment for the US Customs Service.

Desmond Tutu Body Guard edit

On the same show, "The Friday Night Project", Steven said that during the days of Apartheid in South Africa he was a bodyguard for Archbishop Desmond Tutu[14].

Business ventures edit

Seagal Enterprises markets an energy drink known as Steven Seagal's Lightning Bolt, as well as an herbal oil product line.[15] Seagal personally endorsed the drink saying, "I have traveled the world creating this drink; there is none better that I know."[citation needed] He also has his own aftershave called Scent of Action[citation needed], and his own imprint of Kershaw Knives[citation needed].

Personal life edit

An only son, he has three sisters, one older and two younger[citation needed]. He now keeps a ranch in Colorado and a home in the Mandeville Canyon section of Brentwood, a wealthy suburb of Los Angeles[citation needed]. He has adopted many animals from shelters, including the cats "Sylvester" and "Gap", and the dogs "Gruff", "Cole", "Tyson", "Hamlet", and "Chaos".[16].

Marriages edit

  1. Miyako Fujitani (1975–1986) (divorced) 2 children
  2. Adrienne La Russa (1984-1987) (annulled)
  3. Kelly LeBrock (1987–1996) (divorced) 3 children

Seagal is accused of being a bigamist[citation needed]. When he left his first wife Miyako Fujitani to go back to America (reportedly, Steven's last words to her were, "You are crazy; I want a divorce"),[17][18]<What? he married former Days of Our Lives actress Adrienne La Russa[citation needed], despite his divorce to Fujitani not yet being finalized[citation needed]. During he had an affair with Kelly LeBrock[citation needed]. She became pregnant with his child. When news of this emerged, Seagal's marriage to La Russa was annulled[citation needed] and he married LeBrock on 5th September 1987[citation needed]. In 1994, LeBrock filed divorce papers citing "irreconcilable differences"[citation needed]. During this time it emerged that Seagal was having an affair with Arissa Wolf, who was hired to be a nanny to Seagal and Lebrock's children.[19]

Children edit

{{refimprove|section}} Seagal has six children from three relationships. With Fujitani; he had a son, model and actor Kentaro Seagal (born October 3 1975); and a daughter, writer and actress, Ayako Fujitani (b. December 5 1979). His three children with LeBrock are daughters Annaliza (b. 1987) and Arissa (b. 1993), and son Dominic (b. 1990). Seagal and Arissa Wolf have one daughter, Savannah (b. 1996).

In addition to his biological children, Seagal's Tibetan Buddhist beliefs have also placed him in the role of guardian to a Tibetan child, Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo. Rinzinwangmo, or "Renji", is the only child of the 10th Panchen Lama of Tibet. Renji studied in the United States at American University, and Seagal was her guardian and bodyguard.[20]

Views and activism edit

Animal rights work edit

Seagal has been an outspoken opponent of animal cruelty which can be seen in a scene in the movie Out for Justice. This is consistent with his views on spirituality, as well as his environmentalist views (as showcased in On Deadly Ground). Seagal believes in reincarnation: "When I walk into a room some people see a dog, some people see a cow. I am all of what they see. It is their perception."[21]

Steven has described his activism method as "shaming companies into changing," a theme that is visible in such films as On Deadly Ground and Fire Down Below. He has worked with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) to discourage the fur trade, and has written to the Prime Minister of India to seek increased legal protection for cows. Seagal worked effectively towards saving dogs destined to drown in Taiwan; he successfully sought the Premier of Taiwan to sign legislation limiting animal cruelty.[16]

This activism has not diminished in recent years. For these and other efforts, Seagal was awarded a PETA Humanitarian Award in 1999.[22] In 2003, Seagal wrote an open letter to the leadership of Thailand, urging them to enact law to prevent the torture of baby elephants.[23]

Mystical dog incident edit

While being interviewed by PETA, Seagal was asked to provide an example of a special interaction with an animal. To lend context and meaning to his animal rights work, Seagal offered the story about a dog which approached him during his early aikido years in Japan. Seagal described feeling as if he had known this white dog forever. After keeping the dog for a few days, the dog (by barking) warned Seagal that his dojo was on fire. Seagal quickly summoned help to put out the conflagration. Seagal never saw the dog again.[16]

Solar power edit

Seagal is an advocate for solar power, consistent with his views on oil, as showcased in 1994's On Deadly Ground. Upon spotting another Caucasian in Thailand in 2004, Seagal was pleased to find this man was a manufacturer of solar-powered bicycles. Seagal promptly purchased a number of solar electric utility and transport vehicles to bring feed to his animal partners at his ranch in California.[24]

Native American issues edit

Seagal is a concerned advocate for the rights and interests of Native Americans. In his film On Deadly Ground, Seagal depicted himself as The Chosen One, sent to save the Inuit people from the evils of "Big Oil".[citation needed]

Outside of his film work, Seagal has volunteered, lending his voice as a narrator for an activist film project, Medicine Lake Video, which seeks to protect sacred tribal ground near his ranch in Siskiyou County.[25]

Tesla coils edit

Seagal is a great admirer of Tesla coils and has even collected a few. Seagal has donated three Tesla coils to California state universities.

Parody portrayals edit

Seagal has become the target of Internet-based criticism. However, the line between Seagal's own work and a parody portrayal of Seagal is becoming increasingly blurry. The above-mentioned commercials for Orange SA and Mountain Dew poke fun at his action aikido style. Seagal is sometimes considered to be in on the joke.[9]

In the TV show, madTV, Seagal was portrayed by Will Sasso. In various skits involving the actor, Seagal was portrayed to be an unintelligent, disrespectful, and egotistical actor for comedic effect. The trademark slapstick humor ranges from attempting to do stunts, but failing miserably, to random attacks on other characters in the scene (most notably, random chops or snapping necks).

A scene in an episode of Family Guy portrays Seagal in the Arctic fighting a group of seals for killing a village's fish.

In The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Will goes to a martial arts instructor saying he wants to be like Steven Seagal. The instructor responds "You want to be a bad actor"?

In My Giant, Zack answers the phone and it turns out to be Steven Seagal. Zack doesn't believe him, so he ridicules him with such comments as "Get some acting ability."

Most recently, he has parodied himself in the film The Onion Movie, starring in the fictional movie "Cock Puncher".

Filmography edit

  • Above the Law. (1988) — Playing a Chicago cop Nico Toscani who discovers a web of corruption in the city's police department, directed by Andrew Davis.
  • Hard to Kill (1990) — Playing a cop out for vengeance, with assistance from a nurse (played by then-wife Kelly LeBrock).
  • Marked for Death (1990) — Playing a retired DEA agent who returns to his hometown, to find an evil drug lord in charge.
  • Out for Justice (1991) — Playing an NYPD cop in Brooklyn on the hunt for an old childhood rival who killed his best friend
  • Under Siege (1992) — Another Andrew Davis movie, about a cook on a Navy ship who prevents nuclear armageddon. This was his most successful movie.
  • On Deadly Ground (1994) — A movie in which he befriends an Alaskan Native Indian tribe and fights against an evil oil company. This is Seagal's directorial debut; he also produced. However, the movie underperformed at the box office and damaged his career.
  • Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995) — Seagal returns as Casey Ryback, this time out to foil a mad scientist who tries to hijack a satellite weapon hidden on-board a train.
  • Executive Decision (1996) — Playing Lieutenant Colonel Austin Travis, head of an elite military team that must stop a plane carrying a nerve-gas bomb.
  • The Glimmer Man (1996) — Playing a detective who (along with Keenan Ivory Wayans) must find a serial killer.
  • Fire Down Below (1997) — Playing a hard-hitting EPA agent investigating a mine in Kentucky.
  • The Patriot (1998) — Playing a small town doctor who foils an evil, virus-releasing militia.
  • Prince of Central Park (2000) — Credited as producer.
  • Exit Wounds (2001) — Playing a tough urban detective who tries to clean up his precinct with the help of a wealthy business man who in turn is trying to free his brother from jail.
  • Ticker (2001) — Playing the leader of a bomb squad.
  • Half Past Dead (2002) — Playing a Russian FBI agent, Sasha Petrosevitch, who goes to jail undercover.
  • The Foreigner (2003) — Political intrigue and scandal plague Seagal's character, Jonathan Cold, in this film.
  • Out for a Kill (2003) — Playing an archaeologist who avenges the death of his assistant by the Chinese Triads.
  • Belly of the Beast (2003) — Playing a retired agent who must go to Thailand with his old partner to save his kidnapped daughter and her friends.
  • Out of Reach (2004) — Seagal attempts to save a kidnapped girl.
  • Clementine (2004) — Guest stars in this Korean martial arts film.
  • Into the Sun (2005) — Playing a CIA operative in Tokyo who must take on the yakuza.
  • Submerged (2005) — Playing a mercenary who must fight terrorists.
  • Today You Die (2005) — Seagal plays a former thief who is trying to go straight and seeks vengeance on those who framed him
  • Black Dawn (2005) — Seagal returns as Jonathan Cold in this continuation of "Foreigner" franchise.
  • Mercenary for Justice (2006) — Playing a mercenary who is blackmailed into a mission to save his family, only to turn the tables on his blackmailers.
  • Shadow Man (2006) — Playing a former intelligence operative who must find his kidnapped daughter in Bucharest while also defeating various parties who believe he has a lethal virus.
  • Attack Force (2006) — Plays Marshall Lawson, the leader of a strike-team.
  • Flight of Fury (2007) — Playing John Sands, a former soldier who is sent to retrieve a stolen stealth bomber.
  • Urban Justice (2007) — Out for revenge after his son is shot dead by the local gang leader.
  • Pistol Whipped (2008) — Playing an ex-cop with both alcohol and gambling problems.
  • The Onion Movie (2008) — Guest stars in a spoof of himself by the makers of The Onion.
  • Kill Switch (2008) — Playing Detective Jacob King

Discography edit

References edit

  1. ^ Bruce Nash (2005). "The Numbers - People: Steven Seagal". The Numbers. Retrieved 2006-05-07.
  2. ^ Steven Seagal Biography (1952?-)
  3. ^ a b Steven Seagal Biography & Description Woo Factor, Retrieved on 2007-06-05.
  4. ^ "Under Siege" "IMDb Business Data for Under Siege (1992).
  5. ^ "On Deadly Ground" "IMDb Business Data for On Deadly Ground (1994).
  6. ^ Thinkexist.com (???). "Steven Seagal quotes". Thinkexist.com. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ IMDB (???). "Steven Seagal IMDB biography". imdb.com. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Roger Ebert (2006). "Rogerebert.com Reviews- Above the Law". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 2006-05-08.
  9. ^ a b Steven Seagal: Under Closer Scrutiny by Tom Dooley
  10. ^ Ed Condran (2006-06-13). "The Steven Seagal interview" (PDF). The Steven Seagal interview. Retrieved 2006-06-13.
  11. ^ visit4info (2005-07-20 - 2006). "Steven Seagal cellphone advertisement". visit4info.com. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Wikipedia Community (???). "The Friday Night Project". wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2007-09-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "Steven Seagal". The Friday Night Project. Season 4. Episode 6. 2007-02-09.
  14. ^ "Steven Seagal". The Friday Night Project. Season 4. Episode 6. 2007-02-09.
  15. ^ Larry Carroll (2005-08-22). "Steven Seagal's Next Target? The Nap - Action star creates energy drink called Lightning Bolt". MTV.com. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ a b c Dan Mathews (2001). "Getting tough with Steven Seagal". PETA: Animal Times. Retrieved 2006-05-07.
  17. ^ Paul Smith (unknown). "E! TV- "E! True Hollywood Story" - Steven Seagal". E!. Retrieved 2006-06-25. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Mini Facts". Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  19. ^ "Spiritually Retreat With Steven Seagal". Luke Ford. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  20. ^ Isabel Hilton (2003-04-02). "Buddha's daughter: A young Tibetan-Chinese woman". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Charles Carreon (???). "Steven Seagal Comes Out of the Buddhist Closet". American Buddha Online Library. Retrieved 2007-05-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Julian C. Dunn (1999-09-18). "Paul McCartney's World Exclusive Performance at PETA's Party Of The Century and Humanitarian Awards". The Sea of Waking Dreams. Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Steven Seagal (2003-02-07). "Letter to Prime Minister [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] of [[Thailand]] by Steven Seagal" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  24. ^ "Seagal and solar bicycles". 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-07. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  25. ^ "Medicine Lake Video". 2001. Retrieved 2007-01-07.

External links edit

 
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