Greco-Roman equivalents
editThe following is a list of Greek, Roman, Etruscan, Egyptian, and Phoenician equivalents, based on usage among the ancients themselves, supported by the analyses of modern scholars.[citation needed] "Equivalent" should not be taken to mean "the same god". For instance, when the myths or even cult practices of a particular Roman deity were influenced by the Greek or Etruscan tradition, the deity may have had an independent origin and a tradition that is culturally distinctive.
Celtic | Germanic | Greek | Roman | Etruscan | Egyptian | Levantine | Indo-Aryan | Functions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adonis | agriculture; resurrection | |||||||
Aphrodite | Venus | beauty; sex; love | ||||||
Apollo / Phoebus | Aplu | Horus / Ra | Resheph | Mithra | light; prophecy; healing; plagues; music; poets | |||
Tyr/Tiw/Ziu | Ares | Mars | Laran | Anhur | Verethragna | war; Tuesday | ||
Artemis | Diana | Artume | Bast | Kotharat | Drvaspa | hunting, the hunt; wilderness, wild animals; virginity, childbirth; Diana: lit. heavenly or divine | ||
Asclepius | Aesculapius / Vejovis | Vetis | Imhotep | Eshmun | healing | |||
Athena / Athene | Minerva | Menrva | Neith | Anat | wisdom; strategy; the arts and crafts; weaving | |||
Charon | Charon | Charun | fierce, flashing, feverish gaze (eyes) | |||||
Cronus | Saturn | Satre | Geb | El | Time | |||
Demeter | Ceres | Cels | Isis | Ashi | grains, agricultural fertility; Demeter: lit. Earth Mother | |||
Dionysus / Bacchus | Liber / Bacchus | Fufluns | Osiris | wine and winemaking; revelry; ecstasy; Liber: lit. the free one | ||||
Eros | Cupid / Amor | sexual love | ||||||
Gaia / Gaea | Terra / Tellus | Cel | Zam | the earth | ||||
Hades / Pluto | Dis Pater / Pluto / Orcus | Aita | Anubis / Osiris | Mot | Angra Mainyu | the underworld. Hades: lit. the unseen | ||
Sól/Sunna/Sunne | Helios | Sol | Usil | Ra | sun Sunday | |||
Hephaestus | Vulcan | Sethlans | Ptah | Atar | metalwork, forges; fire, lava | |||
Hera | Juno | Uni | Mut, Hathor | Armaiti | marriage, family | |||
Heracles | Hercules | Hercle | Heryshaf | Melqart | Rostam (Heracles) | Heracles: lit. glory of Hera | ||
Odin/Woden | Hermes | Mercury | Turms | Anubis/Hermanubis, Thoth/Hermes Trismegistus | [[Budha] | Nabu, Ningishzida | Commerce, travel, wandering: Odin, Hermes, Mercury, Turms
Planet Mercury: Odin, Hermes, Mercury, Nabu, Budha Day of [[[Wednesday]]: Odin (Wōdnesdæg/Day of Woden), Mercury (Dies Mercurii/Day of Mercury), Budha (Budhavara) Psychopomp/Messenger/Liminial deity: Odin, Hermes, Mercury, Turms, Anubis, Ningishzida Caduceus: Hermes, Mercury, Turms, Ningishzida | |
Hestia | Vesta | hearth, fireplace, domesticity | ||||||
Poseidon | Neptune | Nethuns | Apam Napat | sea; water; horses; earthquakes | ||||
Rhea | Magna Mater / Ops | Nut | Asherah | Rhea: lit. flowing. Ops: lit. wealth, abundance, resources. | ||||
Máni | Selene | Luna | Losna | Isis | Mah | moon; Monday | ||
Themis | Iustitia | Justice | law of nature | |||||
Ymir / Jörmungandr | Typhoeus | Typh | Set / Apep | Leviathan / Lotan | Chaoskamph monster/serpent/dragon | |||
Uranus | Caelus | Asman | sky | |||||
Thor | Zeus | Jupiter / Jove | Tinia | Amun / Horus | Baal Hammon / Dagon / Hadad / Sydyk | Ohrmazd / Ahura Mazda | Sky Father; Thursday |