A destructive severe weather and tornado outbreak struck the Central Plains, Great Lakes, Southeastern United States over a four day period. Multiple strong tornadoes were confirmed as well as widespread severe hail and wind, lightning, and heavy rain. One violent F4 tornado, which may have reached F5 intensity, caused severe damage between Lawrence and Kansas City, Kansas, injuring three people. Although the tornadoes themselves only caused eight injuries, scores of fatalities and additional injuries came from the non-tornadic effects as well.
| Type | Tornado outbreak |
|---|---|
| Duration | May 21–24, 1952 |
| Tornadoes confirmed | 16 |
| Max. rating1 | F4 tornado |
| Duration of tornado outbreak2 | 2 days, 23 hours |
| Fatalities | 11 non-tornadic fatalities, 8 injuries (+15 non-tornadic injuries) |
| Damage | $1.588 million (1952 USD)[1] |
| Areas affected | Central Plains, Great Lakes, Southeastern United States |
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 1952 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale 2Time from first tornado to last tornado | |
Meteorological synopsis edit
Two low-pressure systems formed over the Central Plains; the first one formed over Southeast Colorado on May 21 and moved eastward before moving northeastward in front of a second, slower moving low-pressure center that formed over south central South Dakota and moved into northeastern Nebraska. Both these lows moved eastward before the first one dissipated over Eastern Iowa while the other followed generally the same path as its predecessor. It moved through the Great Lakes region through May 25, before acceleration northeastward into Ontario, Canada. In the meantime, the complex setup led to a large area of severe thunderstorms, some of which became tornadic.[2]
Confirmed tornadoes edit
| FU | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 |
May 21 event edit
- The CDNS listed an additional tornado:
- A tornado occurred in Arvada, Colorado. The condensation funnel did not reach the ground and damage was light. Some birds were killed when they were drawn into the funnel.[2]
| F# | Location | County / Parish | State | Start coord. |
Time (UTC) | Path length | Max. width | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F0 | NNW of Alton | Osborne | KS | 39°31′N 99°00′W / 39.52°N 99.00°W | 00:00–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | The NCEI officially records a brief tornado that touched in expansive area of severe storms that affected nine counties. No damage estimate was given.[2][4][5] |
| F2 | Kackley | Republic | KS | 39°41′N 97°52′W / 39.68°N 97.87°W | 01:30–? | 0.2 miles (0.32 km) | 100 yards (91 m) | A small, but destructive tornado destroyed every building on a farm except the house and killed 50 chickens and six small pigs. Small hail and rain accompanied the tornado, which caused $25,000 in damage. The tornado may have started in Jewel County, where a barn was destroyed.[2][6] |
May 22 event edit
| F# | Location | County / Parish | State | Start coord. |
Time (UTC) | Path length | Max. width | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F4 | Lawrence to E of Wilder | Douglas, Leavenworth, Wyandotte, Johnson | KS | 38°59′N 95°13′W / 38.98°N 95.22°W | 23:00–? | 26.9 miles (43.3 km) | 440 yards (400 m) | A violent tornado accompanied by hail touched down on the northeastern side of Lawrence and destroyed an alfalfa dehydrator and caused minor damage elsewhere. It skipped east-northeastward before touching down solidly again on the north side of the Kansas River and moving into the south side of Kansas City at rate of about 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). 12 homes and 67 other buildings were destroyed, including a bank president's home that was leveled, 14 other homes and 13 other building were damaged, and 20 cows, 1,200 chickens, 15 hogs, and 5 sheep were killed. 11 miles (18 km) of power lines and thousands of trees were blown down as well. Tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis indicated that the tornado may have possibly reached F5 intensity.[7] Three people were injured and damages were estimated at $250,000. The CDNS report lists 13 injuries form this tornado.[2][8] |
| F2 | Lake Lotawana | Johnson | MO | 38°56′N 94°14′W / 38.93°N 94.23°W | 01:00–01:10 | 1.3 miles (2.1 km) | 440 yards (400 m) | A tornado accompanied by strong winds damaged a few houses, barns, and outbuildings. One person was injured and damages were estimated at $250,000. The CDNS report does not list any injuries. A funnel cloud was spotted north of nearby Lee's Summit about two hours later, but it did not touch down.[2][9] |
| F1 | SSE of Rush Springs | Grady | OK | 34°45′N 97°55′W / 34.75°N 97.92°W | 05:30–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | A barn was damaged and moved about 25 feet (7.6 m) with damages estimated at $250.[2][10] |
May 23 event edit
| F# | Location | County / Parish | State | Start coord. |
Time (UTC) | Path length | Max. width | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | NW of Cushing | Payne | OK | 36°01′N 96°49′W / 36.02°N 96.82°W | 10:00–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | A farmstead was destroyed, with losses totaling $2,500. A gasoline plant in Cushing suffered $20,000 in damage from straight-line winds and six cows were killed when lightning struck a tree they were huddled under.[2][11] |
| F1 | E of Snyder to NW of Meers | Kiowa, Comanche | OK | 34°40′N 98°52′W / 34.67°N 98.87°W | 10:30–? | 16.9 miles (27.2 km) | 100 yards (91 m) | A skipping tornado touched down twice, destroying two barns and causing $2,500 in damage.[2][12] |
| F2 | Lawton | Comanche | OK | 34°37′N 98°25′W / 34.62°N 98.42°W | 10:45–? | 0.3 miles (0.48 km) | 150 yards (140 m) | A tornado damaged several buildings as it moved eastward about three blocks. One person was injured and losses totaled $250,000.[2][13] |
| F2 | Fort Sill | Comanche | OK | 34°39′N 98°26′W / 34.65°N 98.43°W | 11:00–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 200 yards (180 m) | This tornado touched down northwest of the previous one. It destroyed four warehouses and one smaller building with losses totaling $250,000.[2][14] |
| F0 | Brownsboro | Henderson | TX | 32°13′N 95°37′W / 32.22°N 95.62°W | 17:40–? | 0.5 miles (0.80 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | Buildings were unroofed and plate glass windows were pulled out of buildings. Losses totaled $2,500. It is possible that this tornado was the last of the day rather than fifth according to the CDNS report.[2][15] |
| F2 | Dumont | Butler | IA | 42°45′N 92°58′W / 42.75°N 92.97°W | 19:00–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 17 yards (16 m) | "Long tapering funnel moved northward." A town garage was unroofed and telephone poles were knocked down, interrupting electric service. No damage estimate was given.[2][16] |
| F0 | Brooksville | Hernando | FL | 28°33′N 82°23′W / 28.55°N 82.38°W | 19:30–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | A tornado wrecked a chicken house and damaged others, killing a number of chickens. A physician was injured when his car was struck by the tornado on the highway, spinning it around several times and before ejecting him. Loses totaled $2,500. Heavy rain and hail preceded the tornado.[2][17] |
| F1 | San Angelo | Tom Green | TX | 31°27′N 100°29′W / 31.45°N 100.48°W | 20:30–? | 7.1 miles (11.4 km) | 50 yards (46 m) | A few chicken houses and a house was damaged, injuring one person and causing $2,500 in damage.[2][18] |
| F1 | Grafton | Worth | IA | 43°20′N 93°05′W / 43.33°N 93.08°W | 21:00–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | A funnel cloud was observed moving northeastward at 20–25 miles per hour (32–40 km/h). A barn was demolished while only minor damage occurred nearby. A few chickens were also killed. No damage estimate was given.[2][19] |
May 24 event edit
| F# | Location | County / Parish | State | Start coord. |
Time (UTC) | Path length | Max. width | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | Bedford | Cuyahoga | OH | 41°25′N 81°30′W / 41.42°N 81.50°W | 21:05–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 200 yards (180 m) | Several observers reported the passage of a "dark, funnel cloud without an attendant thunderstorm, hail, or rain, although rain had preceded the storm." It moved northeastward through the business district in the downtown area before striking a residential area. Roofs were damaged, signs and utility lines were destroyed, trees were leveled, windows were broken, and several garages were demolished. A large plate-glass window on the front of a business was blown outward while other windows in path of storm were blown inward. Losses totaled $25,000.[2][20] |
| F1 | Belleville | St.Clair | IL | 39°30′N 90°01′W / 39.50°N 90.02°W | 23:50–? | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | 33 yards (30 m) | A tornado moved down a runway at Scott Air Force Base, damaging 14 aircraft. A small building was also partially demolished. Losses totaled $25,000. Hail and strong winds also caused additional damage to crops in the area.[2][21] |
Non-tornadic impacts edit
May 21 edit
Severe hail, lightning, damaging winds, heavy rain affected parts of Kansas and Oklahoma on March 21. In Sedgwick County, Kansas, a church was struck by lightning, tearing a hole into it. A house was also struck by lightning, damaging the roof and injuring two people who were sleeping. Northwest of Harmon, Oklahoma a farmer driving a tractor was struck by lightning and killed.[2]
May 22 edit
1⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) hail caused spotted damage to wheat crops in the south central Marshall County, Kansas with individual losses amounting to 60 to 75 percent of crops with more extensive damage to wheat crops in Frankfort and Bigelow. Another hailstorm caused damage in Pawnee County, Nebraska while irregular shaped hail up to tennis ball size caused major damage in Caney, Kansas. Hail caused severe damage to 51 roofs in Cleveland and Pawnee Counties in Oklahoma with scattered damage to wheat in Tillman County, especially near Grandfield. Hail up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter caused major damage in Beckham and Washita Counties, especially in the town of Port, where 50 to 100 percent of wheat was destroyed, damaged roofs, cars were dented, and hail drifts were knee deep. There was wind damage to multiple buildings and lightning burned down a barn. Six picnickers in Kansas City were injured when the tree they were huddling under was struck by lightning, with one of them being hospitalized for severe burns.[2]
May 23 edit
A large area of severe weather struck an area from Texas to the west, Michigan to the north, Louisiana to the south and Mississippi to the east. A swath of damaging winds struck an area from near Okarche to Cashion, Oklahoma. About 100,000 acres of wheat and other small cropland were affected by these winds. Severe hail also occurred between Okarche and Seward. Total hail loss to crops, including near ripe wheat, was estimated at $2 million. Almost every structure in Okarche had hail damage to their roofs, with total damage estimated at $25,000. A woman in Cashion was also injured by flying glass. In Oklahoma City, a house was struck by lightning with two occupants be injured when it caught fire. Another house suffered minor damage when it was also struck by lightning. Another home was engulfed in flames in Tahlequah when it was struck by lightning, resulting in the deaths of nine children as well as three other injuries. Strong straight-line winds damaged an industrial plant on the north side of Magnolia, Arkansas, injuring one person. A lightning fatality also occurred in Jackson, Mississippi when a child was struck and killed while riding a bicycle.[2]
May 24 edit
Lightning from the previous day's storms struck a radio shop in Selina, Kansas, starting a fire which resulted in $330 in damage to the building as well as $1,000 in damage to its contents. The only other severe weather reported on this day occurred near Palmyra, Missouri, where hail destroyed crops and damaged roofs, windows, and vehicles. The same storm also produced lightning that killed three cows and destroyed a farm outbuilding while damaging another one.[2]
See also edit
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ "May 21-24, 1952 Tornadoes". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Climatological Data: National summary". U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. 1952. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
- ^ Brooks, Harold E. (April 2004). "On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity". Weather and Forecasting. 19 (2). Boston: American Meteorological Society: 310. Bibcode:2004WtFor..19..310B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0310:OTROTP>2.0.CO;2.
- ^ "Storm Prediction Center WCM Page". Storm Prediction Center. National Weather Service. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ Kansas Event Report: F0 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Kansas Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991. A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- ^ Kansas Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 April 2022.Kansas Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 April 2022.Kansas Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ Kansas Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ "Oklahoma Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ Oklahoma Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Oklahoma Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Oklahoma Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Oklahoma Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Texas Event Report: F0 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Iowa Event Report: F2 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Florida Event Report: F0 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Texas Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Iowa Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Ohio Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
- ^ Illinois Event Report: F1 Tornado. National Centers for Environmental Information (Report). National Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2022.