The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Early history edit
- 1st C. BCE – Augustonemetum founded at near Nemossos, the ancient capital of the Arverni
- 2nd C. CE – Augustonemetum has grown into a city, with a population estimated at between 15,000 and 30,000
- 3rd C. CE
- the city is depopulated, and survives only as a fort at the site of the forum.
- St Austremonius, the apostle of Auvergne and first bishop of Clermont.
- 4th C. CE – the settlement is now known as Arvernis, with a population estimated at 700 people; the Roman Catholic diocese of Clermont is established.[1] Five gates are built into the fortifications, while the rest of the Roman city lies in ruins.
- 5th C. – Abbey of Saint Allyre construction begins.
- 471/475 – Arvernis besieged by the Visigoths; part of the Visigothic kingdom until the Frankish conquest in 507.
- 535 – Council of Clermont (535).[2]
- 549 – Second council of Clermont.[2]
- 587 – Third council of Clermont.[2][3]
Medieval to early modern edit
- 761 – Pepin the Short pillages urbs Arverna and takes its fort, Claremontem Castrum in the Siege of Clermont (761).
- 848 – first mention of the name Clermont (Clarus Mons) as the name of the city; Arvernis remains in use as alongside Clermont at least until the end of the 9th century.
- 862 – city destroyed by Vikings and rebuilt under bishop Sigon
- 898/910 – city again pillaged by Vikings
- 946 – traditional date for the consecration of the Romanesque cathedral built under bishop Stephen II.
- 1095 – Council of Clermont: pope gives speech that starts the First Crusade.[2]
- 12th C. – Basilica of Notre-Dame du Port rebuilt (approximate date).[2]
- 1130 – Religious council held in Clermont.[2]
- 13th C. – Construction of gothic-style Clermont Cathedral begins.[2]
- 1273 – Chapelle des Cordeliers (Clermont-Ferrand) construction begins.
- 15th C. – Château de Rabanesse construction begins.[4]
- 1515 – Fontaine d'Amboise (fountain) erected by Jacques d'Amboise.[2]
- 1623 – 19 June: Birth of Blaise Pascal.
- 1665 – Grands jours d'Auvergne begin.[2]
- 1675 – Collège des Jésuites de Clermont-Ferrand building construction begins.[5]
- 1731 – Towns of Clermont and Montferrand merge to become "Clermont Montferrand."[2]
- 1747 – Clermont-Ferrand Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts founded.[6]
- 1790 – Clermont-Ferrand becomes part of the Puy-de-Dôme souveraineté.[7]
19th century edit
- 1801
- Cantons of Clermont-Est, Clermont-Nord, Clermont-Sud, and Clermont-Sud-Ouest created.[7]
- Fontaine de la Pyramide erected.
- 1806 – Population: 30,982.[7]
- 1826 – Chamber of Commerce established.[8]
- 1855
- Clermont-Ferrand station opens.
- Moniteur du Puy-de-Dôme newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1858 – Fontaine des Quatre-Saisons (Clermont-Ferrand) installed in the Place de la Rodade.
- 1862 – Clermont-Ferrand Synagogue[10] and Church of Saint Eutropius built.
- 1886 – Population: 46,718.[11]
- 1889 – Michelin et Cie in business.[12]
- 1890 - Clermont-Ferrand tramway initiated.
- 1894 – Société d'histoire naturelle d'Auvergne established.[13]
- 1895 – Fontaine d'Urbain II installed in the Place de la Victoire (Clermont-Ferrand).
- 1896 – Avenir du Puy-de-Dôme newspaper begins publication.[9]
20th century edit
- 1906 – Galeries de Jaude (shop) built.
- 1911 – Population: 65,386.[14]
- 1919 – La Montagne newspaper begins publication.
- 1921 – Population: 82,577.[7]
- 1926 – Population: 111,711.[7]
- 1940
- 1944 – Le Semeur Hebdo begins publication.
- 1961
- Gare routière (Clermont-Ferrand) built.
- Association Montferrand Renaissance founded.[16]
- 1974 – Jardin botanique de la Charme (garden) created.
- 1975 – Population: 156,763.[7]
- 1977 – Islamic community of Clermont-Ferrand established in the former Refuge du Bon Pasteur chapel.[17][18]
- 1979 – Maison des Congrès et de la Culture (Clermont-Ferrand) in use.[citation needed]
- 1982
- Cantons Centre, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud-Est, and Montferrand created.[7]
- Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival begins.
- 1995 – Radio Campus Clermont-Ferrand begins broadcasting.
- 1999
21st century edit
- 2003 – Le Magazine Zap begins publication.(fr)
- 2006
- Place de Jaude inaurated.
- Clermont-Ferrand tramway begins operating.
- 2010 – Grande mosquée de Clermont-Auvergne built.[18]
- 2012 – Population: 141,569.
- 2014 – Olivier Bianchi becomes mayor.
- 2015
- Cantons of Clermont-Ferrand-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 created per Cantons of France redistricting, 2014.
- March: Puy-de-Dôme departmental election, 2015 held.
- December: Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional election, 2015 held.[19]
- 2016 – Clermont-Ferrand becomes part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.
See also edit
- Clermont-Ferrand history
- History of Clermont-Ferrand
- Augustonemetum (Roman-era settlement)
- List of mayors of Clermont-Ferrand
- List of heritage sites in Clermont-Ferrand
- other cities in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
References edit
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: France". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Britannica 1910.
- ^ Charles Daniel (1903). "Conciles particuliers". Manuel des sciences sacrées (in French). Paris: Delhomme & Briguet. (chronological list)
- ^ Base Mérimée: Château de Rabanesse, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Base Mérimée: Ancien collège des Jésuites, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Clermont-Ferrand, EHESS (in French).
- ^ United States Department of Commerce; Archibald J. Wolfe (1915). "List of Chambers". Commercial Organizations in France. USA: Government Printing Office.
- ^ a b A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Synagogue, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590527.
- ^ History of the Michelin Group (timeline), Michelin, retrieved 30 December 2015
- ^ "Sociétés savantes de France (Clermont-Ferrand)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- ^ a b Sweets 1986.
- ^ "Association Montferrand renaissance". Data.bnf.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "À Clermont-Ferrand, la chapelle devenue mosquée", Le Figaro (in French), Paris, 11 October 2012
- ^ a b "Religion: quand les sœurs prêtaient leur chapelle aux musulmans", Le Parisien (in French), 16 June 2015
- ^ "Résultats élections: Clermont-Ferrand", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography edit
in English edit
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Clermont", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241146
- "Clermont". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. hdl:2027/njp.32101065312884.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - S. Kahn (1903), "Clermont-Ferrand", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 4, New York, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282284
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 498.
- Georges Goyau (1910). "Clermont". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Clermont-Ferrand", Southern France (6th ed.), Leipzig: Baedeker, 1914, hdl:2027/uc1.31822019077254
- Daniel C. Haskell, ed. (1922), "Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France", Bulletin of the New York Public Library, vol. 26, hdl:2027/mdp.39015035117657,
Local history: Clermont-Ferrand
- John F. Sweets (1986). Choices in Vichy France: The French Under Nazi Occupation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503751-7. (case study of Clermont-Ferrand)
in French edit
- Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Champagnac [in French] (1839). "Clermont-Ferrand". Manuel des dates, en forme de dictionnaire. Perisse frères.
- Benoît Gonod [in French] (1839). "Histoire moderne (Villes et provinces de France): Clermont". Catalogue des livres imprimés et manuscrits de la bibliothèque de la ville de Clermont-Ferrand. Clermont-Ferrand: Perol.
- Jean-Baptiste Bouillet [in French]. Tablettes historiques de l'Auvergne (in French). Clermont-Ferrand. 1840–1847. 8 vols.
- Ambroise Tardieu (historian) [in French] (1872). Histoire de la ville de Clermont-Ferrand (in French).
- Clermont-Ferrand et le Puy-de-Dôme (in French). Association française pour l'avancement des sciences. 1908.
- "Clermont-Ferrand". Auvergne et centre. Guides Joanne (in French). 1908. hdl:2027/uc1.a0001078203.
External links edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Clermont-Ferrand.
- Items related to Clermont-Ferrand, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Clermont-Ferrand, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).