Shāh Nūrī Bengālī (Bengali: শাহ নূরী বাঙ্গালী, Persian: شاه نوری بنگالی; died 1785) was an 18th-century Bengali Islamic scholar and author from Dhaka.[1] He is best known for his magnum opus, Kibrīt-e-Aḥmar, which was written in the Persian language.[2]
Shah Nuri Bengali | |
|---|---|
শাহ নূরী বাঙ্গালী | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Babupura, Jahangir Nagar, Bengal Subah |
| Died | 1785 CE |
| Resting place | Maghbazar |
| Other names | Shah Nuri Bangali |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| School | Hanafi |
| Muslim leader | |
| Disciple of | Baghu Dewan |
Early life and education
editShah Nuri was born into a Bengali Muslim family from the village of Babupura in Dhaka, the capital of Mughal Bengal. The 20th-century Bangladeshi historian Syed Muhammed Taifoor describes the family to have been "very old and learned citizens of Dhaka".[3] Their ancestor, Shah Bahauddin, arrived from Baghdad.[4] Both Shah Nuri's father, Shaykh Abdullah Mujaddidi and grandfather Mawlana Shaykh Ghulam Muhammad Mujaddidi, were saliks at the Khanqah of Babupura and taught the Islamic sciences at the Babupura madrasa. As his grandfather was a murid (disciple) of the Punjabi scholar Ahmad Sirhindi, they belonged to the Mujaddidiyah suborder of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Other than his father, among his grandather's renowned disciples were Shaykh Abdullah Jahangirnagari and Shaykh Lutfullah Meherpuri who were teachers at the Lalbagh Mridha Madrasa.[5] His sister, Mariam Saleha, constructed the historic Mariam Saleha Mosque of Babupara in 1706.[6]
He was educated in the city's madrasa, which was founded by Bengal's governor Shaista Khan in Pathartali Katra, four miles away from Maghbazar.[7] After that, he enrolled at the Furqaniyyah Dar al-Ulum Madrasa in Motijhil, Murshidabad, which was founded by Nawazish Muhammad Khan.[8] Shah Nuri then became a murid (disciple) of Baghu Dewan of Binni Bazar, Rajshahi. During his education he studied books such as Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, a book on Hadith by Qadi Iyad, and Sharh Matali`, a book on logic by Qutb ad-Din al-Razi.[9]
Career
editIn 1775, he wrote a book titled Kibrīt-e-Aḥmar (Red Sulphur) in the Persian language.[10] However, Saghir Hasan al-Masumi argues that it was written in 1763.[11] The book was focused on tasawwuf, but also contained biographies of contemporary Sufis, such as a list of the murids of the Babupura Khanqah.[12]
Nuri returned to Dhaka in 1779, where he set up a new khanqah in Maghbazar. He spent his life disseminating Islamic values to his followers at the khanqah.[13] Many of the Naib Nazims of Dhaka and the later Nawabs of Dhaka were disciples of Shah Nuri and his descendants.[14][15] In particular, Shah Nuri was the pir and murshid of Naib Nazim Jasarat Khan.[3]
Death and legacy
editNuri died in 1785 and was buried in Maghbazar, Dhaka.[9] The historian Taifoor was of the opinion that he died in 1774, although this is inconsistent with the date of completion of Nuri's book.[3] He had four sons, all of whom died in their childhood except the fourth; Abul Wafa Shah Muhammadi (d. 1835), who succeeded him as the Gaddi nasheen of Maghbazar Khanqah. His sons were buried next to him in a mazar (mausoleum). Khwaja Abdullah of the Nawab family requested to be buried next to Nuri, and is now buried towards his right.[5][16]
During this period, such books would be copied by hand rather than printing. One manuscript of Nuri's book was hand-written by Sadruddin Ahmad of Mahuttuli.[17] This is now preserved at the Hakim Habibur Rahman Collection of the Dhaka University Library.[18] A girls' school in Dhaka has been named after him as Shahnuri Model Girls High School in Shahshab Bari Road.
References
edit- ^ Mawlana Nur Muhammad Azmi. "2.2 বঙ্গে এলমে হাদীছ" [2.2 Knowledge of Hadith in Bengal]. হাদীছের তত্ত্ব ও ইতিহাস [Information and history of Hadith] (in Bengali). Emdadia Library. p. 24.
- ^ al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifzur Rahman (2018). "الشيخ الفاضل شاه نوري البنغالي" [The honourable Shaykh Shāh Nūrī al-Bangālī]. كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية (in Arabic). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Salih.
- ^ a b c Taifoor, Syed Muhammed (1965). Glimpses of Old Dhaka (2 ed.). S.M. Perwez. pp. 104, 296.
- ^ Hossain, Nazir (1981). কিংবদন্তির ঢাকা: Historical anecdotes about Dacca City, Bangladesh, ancient to the present, with a list of luminaries of the city (in Bengali). Azad Muslim Club (distributor National Book Centre). pp. 52–54.
- ^ a b মুসলিম সুধী (in Bengali). p. 274-278.
- ^ Bhuiyan, Mosharraf Hossain (1997). "The Mosque of Mariam Saleha". Journal of the Faculty of Arts: The Dhaka University Studies. 54 (2). University of Dhaka: 188.
- ^ Nadvi, Abul Hasanat (1936). ہندوستان کی قدیم اسلامی درسگاہیں [Ancient Islamic schools of India] (in Urdu). Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh: Ma'arif Press. p. 56.
- ^ Hakim Habibur Rahman (1946). آسودگان ڈھاکہ (in Urdu). Dhaka.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Begum, Shabnam (1994). "Arabic and Persian literature in Bengal during eighteenth century: Shah Nuri". Bengal's contribution to Islamic studies during the 18th century (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 101–102.
- ^ Ahmed, Wakil (1985). বাংলার মুসলিম বুদ্ধিজীবি (in Bengali). Dhaka: Bangla Academy. p. 89.
- ^ al-Ma‛sumi, Muhammad Saghir Hasan (March 1967). "Bengal's contribution to Islamic learning". Journal of the Islamic Research Institute of Pakistan. VI. Pakistan: Islamic Research Institute of Pakistan: 162.
- ^ As‛adi, Mahmud (1994). در درى: موقعيت ادبيات فارسى در جهان معاصر (in Persian). سازمان انتشارات كيهان. p. 69.
- ^ Bangladesh District Gazetteers: Dacca. Bangladesh Government Press. 1969. p. 459.
- ^ "اردو مخطوطات". Proceedings of the 1987 Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library Regional Seminar (in Urdu). Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library: 210. 1999.
- ^ Abdullah, Muhammad (1986). নওয়াব সলীমুল্লাহ, জীবন ও কর্ম [Life and work of Nawab Salimullah] (in Bengali). Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. p. 23.
- ^ Maniruzzaman, Mohammad (1985). মুহম্মদ এনামুল হক স্মারকগ্রন্থ (in Bengali). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. p. 263.
- ^ Mamoon, Muntassir, ed. (1990). ঢাকা গ্রন্থমালা (in Bengali). Vol. 1. Dhaka: Dhaka City Museum. p. 11.
- ^ Haq, Muhammad Muzammil (1985). Some Aspects of the Principal Sufi Orders in India. Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. p. 189.