The Radeon HD 8000 series is a family of computer GPUs developed by AMD. AMD was initially rumored to release the family in the second quarter of 2013,[9][10][11] with the cards manufactured on a 28 nm process and making use of the improved Graphics Core Next architecture.[12] However the 8000 series turned out to be an OEM rebadge of the 7000 series (although Bonaire is a GCN 2.0 based chip, thus being of newer development).
 | |
| Release date | 2013 |
|---|---|
| Codename | Southern Islands Sea Islands Solar System Richland Kabini |
| Architecture | TeraScale 2 TeraScale 3 GCN 1st gen GCN 2nd gen |
| Transistors |
|
| Cards | |
| Entry-level | 8350 8450 8470 8490 8570 8670 8730 |
| Mid-range | 8750 8760 8770 8850 |
| High-end | 8870 8950 8970 |
| Enthusiast | 8990 |
| API support | |
| DirectX |
|
| OpenCL | OpenCL 2.1 (GCN version) |
| OpenGL | OpenGL 4.5[1][2][3][4][5] OpenGL 4.6 (GCN only, Win 7+ and Adrenalin 18.4.1+) [6] |
| Vulkan |
|
| History | |
| Predecessor | Radeon HD 7000 series |
| Successor | Radeon R5/R7/R9 200 series |
| Support status | |
| Unsupported | |
Architecture
editThe Radeon HD 7000 series was launched in 2011 and it marked AMD's shift from VLIW (TeraScale) to RISC/SIMD architecture (Graphics Core Next). The highend-mainstream cards were equipped with GCN-based chips while some of the mid-low end ones were just rebranded TeraScale-based cards. All of the GCN-based chips were made using the 28 nm process, becoming the first chips ever to be based on that technology. The GCN-based chips for desktop cards were codenamed as Southern Islands, while the mobile ones (again, only the GCN-based and not the rebranded ones) were codenamed as Solar System.
Multi-monitor support
editThe AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 alongside the Radeon HD 5000 series and have been present on all chips since then.[13]
Video acceleration
editBoth Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE) are present on all GCN-based chips (starting with the GCN 1.0 HD 7000 series). Both are fully supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD.
OpenCL (API)
editOpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. OpenCL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all Chips with TeraScale and GCN Architecture. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd Gen. or 1.2 and higher) [14] For OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 only Driver Updates are necessary with OpenCL 2.0 conformant Cards.
Vulkan (API)
editAPI Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all with GCN Architecture. Vulkan 1.1 (GCN 2nd Gen. or 1.2 and higher) will be supported with actual drivers in 2018 (here only HD 8770).[14][needs update] On newer drivers Vulkan 1.1 on Windows and Linux is supported on all GCN-architecture based GPUs. Vulkan 1.2 is available with Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 for GCN 2nd Gen. or higher.
Chipset table
editDesktop models
edit- Graphics Core Next (GCN) supports the Mantle API and Vulkan API
- OpenGL 4.5 support for TeraScale 2 with AMD Crimson Beta (driver version 15.30 or higher)
- OpenGL 4.5 and Vulkan 1.0 support for GCN 1.0 and higher with AMD Crimson 16.3 or higher.[15][16]
- Vulkan 1.1 support for GCN 1.0 and higher with AMD Adrenalin 18.3.3 or higher.[17]
| Model (Codename) |
Launch | Architecture (Fab) |
Transistors Die Size |
Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory[e] | TDP (W) | Bus interface | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Config[f] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width (bit) |
Clock (MHz) | Band- width (GB/s) |
Idle Max | |||||
| Radeon HD 8350 (Cedar) |
January 8, 2013 | TeraScale 2[g] (40 nm) |
292×106 59 mm2 |
80:8:4 | 400–650 | 3.2 5.2 |
1.6 2.6 |
104 | — | 256 512 |
DDR2 DDR3 64-bit |
400 800 |
6.4 12.8 |
6.4 19.1 |
PCIe 2.1 ×16 |
| Radeon HD 8450 (Caicos) |
January 8, 2013 | 370×106 67 mm2 |
160:8:4 | 625 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 200 | — | 512 | DDR3 64-bit |
533 | 8.53 | 9 18 | ||
| Radeon HD 8470 (Caicos) |
January 8, 2013 | 750 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 240 | — | 1024 | GDDR5 64-bit |
800 | 25.6 | 9 35 | ||||
| Radeon HD 8490 (Caicos) |
July 23, 2013 | 875 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 280 | — | 1024 | DDR3L GDDR5 64-bit |
800 900 |
12.8 28.8 |
9 35 | ||||
| Radeon HD 8570 (Oland) |
January 8, 2013 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) |
950×106 77 mm2 |
384:24:8 | 730 | 19.2 | 6.4 | 560 | 35 | 2048 | DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit |
900 1150 |
28.8 72 |
12 66 |
PCIe 3.0 ×8 |
| Radeon HD 8670 (Oland) |
January 8, 2013 | 1000 | 24 | 8 | 768 | 48 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit |
1150 | 72 | 16 86 | ||||
| Radeon HD 8730 (Cape Verde LE) |
September 5, 2013 | 1500×106 123 mm2 |
384:24:8 | 800 | 19.2 | 6.4 | 614.4 | 44.8 | 1024 | GDDR5 128-bit |
1125 | 72 | 10 47 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 | |
| Radeon HD 8760 (Cape Verde XT) |
January 8, 2013 | 640:40:16 | 1000 | 40 | 16 | 1280 | 80 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit |
1125 | 72 | 16 80 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 | ||
| Radeon HD 8770 (Bonaire XT) |
September 2, 2013 | GCN 2nd gen (28 nm) |
2080×106 160 mm2 |
896:56:16 | 1000 | 56.0 | 16.0 | 1792 | 128 | 2048 | GDDR5 128-bit |
1500 | 96 | 10 85 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 |
| Radeon HD 8870 (Pitcairn XT)[18] |
January 8, 2013 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) |
2800×106 212 mm2 |
1280:80:32 | 1000 | 80 | 32 | 2560 | 160 | 2048 | GDDR5 256-bit |
1200 | 153.6 | 15 150 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 |
| Radeon HD 8950 (Tahiti Pro) |
January 8, 2013 | 4313×106 352 mm2 |
1792:112:32 | 850 925 |
95.2 103.6 |
27.2 29.6 |
3046.4 3315.2 |
761.6 828.8 |
3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
1250 | 240 | 15 225 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 | |
| Radeon HD 8970 (Tahiti XT2) |
January 8, 2013 | 2048:128:32 | 1000 1050 |
128.0 134.4 |
32 33.6 |
4096 4301 |
1024 1075 |
3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
1500 | 288 | 15 250 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 | ||
| Radeon HD 8990 (Malta) |
April 24, 2013 | 2× 4313×106 2× 352 mm2 |
2× 2048:128:32 | 950 1000 |
2× 128 | 2× 32 | 7782 8192 |
1946 2048 |
2× 3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
1500 | 2× 288 | 15 375 |
PCIe 3.0 ×16 | |
| Model (Codename) |
Launch | Architecture (Fab) |
Transistors Die Size |
Config[f] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width (bit) |
Clock (MHz) | Band- width (GB/s) |
Idle Max |
Bus interface |
| Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory[e] | TDP (W) | |||||||||||
- ^ a b c d e f Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ a b Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ a b The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as with DDR memory.
- ^ a b Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
- ^ Lacks hardware video encoder
Mobile Models
edit| Model (Codename) |
Launch | Architecture (Fab) |
Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory[e] | TDP (W) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Config[f] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Size (GiB) | Bus type & width (bit) |
Clock (MHz) | Band- width (GB/s) | |||||
| Radeon HD 8550M / 8630M (Sun LE) |
8 January 2013 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) |
384:24:8 | 650 700 |
15.6 16.8 |
5.2 5.6 |
537.6 | 1 | DDR3 64 |
900 | 14.4 | Unknown |
| Radeon HD 8570M / 8650M (Sun Pro) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 650 700 |
15.6 16.8 |
5.2 5.6 |
537.6 | 1 | GDDR5 64 |
1125 | 36 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8670M (Mars XT) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 775 825 |
18.6 19.8 |
6.2 6.6 |
633.6 | 1 | DDR3 64 |
900 | 14.4 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8690M (Sun XT) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 775 825 |
18.6 19.8 |
6.2 6.6 |
633.6 | 1 | GDDR5 64 |
1125 | 36 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8730M (Mars LE) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 650 700 |
15.6 16.8 |
5.2 5.6 |
537.6 | 2 | DDR3 128 |
1000 | 32 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8750M (Mars Pro) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 620–775 670–825 |
14.88 19.8 |
4.96 6.6 |
514.56 633.6 |
2 | DDR3 GDDR5 128 |
1000 | 32 64 |
Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8770M (Mars XT) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 775 825 |
18.6 19.8 |
6.2 6.6 |
633.6 | 2 | GDDR5 128 |
1125 | 72 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8790M (Mars XTX) |
8 January 2013 | 384:24:8 | 850 900 |
20.4 21.6 |
6.8 7.2 |
691.2 | 2 | GDDR5 128 |
1125 | 72 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8830M (Venus LE) |
8 January 2013 | 640:40:16 | 575 625 |
23 25 |
9.2 10 |
800 | 2 | DDR3 128 |
1000 | 32 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8850M (Venus Pro) |
8 January 2013 | 640:40:16 | 575–725 625–775 |
23 31 |
9.2 12.4 |
800 992 |
2 | DDR3 GDDR5 128 |
1000 1125 |
32 72 |
Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8870M (Venus XT) |
8 January 2013 | 640:40:16 | 725 775 |
29 31 |
11.6 12.4 |
992 | 2 | DDR3 GDDR5 128 |
1000 1125 |
32 72 |
Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8970M (Neptune XT) |
8 January 2013 | 1280:80:32 | 850 900 |
68 72 |
27.2 28.8 |
2304 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 256 |
1200 | 153.6 | 100 | |
- ^ a b c Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as it is with other DDR memory.
- ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
Integrated Models
edit| Model (Codename) |
Launch | Architecture (Fab) |
APU | Core config[a] | Clock rate | Fillrate[b][c] | Memory | Processing Power[d] (GFLOPS) |
TDP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core (MHz) |
Memory (MHz) | Pixel (GP/s) |
Texture (GT/s) |
Bus type | Bus width (bit) | Single (boost) |
Double (boost) | ||||||
| Radeon HD 8370D (Scrapper) |
19 March 2013 | TeraScale 3[e] 32 nm |
A4-6300 | 128:8:4 | 760 | System | 3.04 | 6.08 | DDR3 | 128 | 194.6 | 33 | Unknown |
| Radeon HD 8470D (Scrapper) |
19 March 2013 | A6-6400 | 192:12:4 | 800 | System | 3.20 | 9.60 | DDR3 | 128 | 307.2 | Yes | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8570D (Devastator) |
19 March 2013 | A8-6500 A8-6600K |
256:16:8 | 800 844 |
System | 6.40 | 12.8 | DDR3 | 128 | 432.1 | Yes | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8670D (Devastator) |
19 March 2013 | A10-6700 A10-6800K |
384:24:8 | 844 | System | 6.75 | 20.3 | DDR3 | 128 | 648.2 | Yes | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8310G |
TeraScale 3[e] 32 nm |
A4-5145M | 128:8:4 | 424 (554) |
System | DDR3L | 128 | Unknown | Unknown | ||||
| Radeon HD 8350G |
19 March 2013 | A4-5150M | 128:8:4 | 514 (720) |
System | 2.06 | 4.11 | DDR3L | 128 | 131.6 (184.3) | 32.9 | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8410G (Scrapper) |
May 2013 | A6-5345M | 192:24:4 | 450 (600) |
System | 1.80 | 10.80 | DDR3L | 128 | 172.8 (230.4) | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8450G (Scrapper) |
23 May 2013 | A6-535xM | 192:12:4 | 533 (720) |
1600 | 2.17 | 17.33 | DDR3L | 128 | 204.7 (276.5) | Unknown | 35W | |
| Radeon HD 8510G (Scrapper) |
May 2013 | A8-5545M | 384:48:8 | 450 (554) |
System | 3.60 | 21.60 | DDR3L | 128 | 351.9 (425.5) | Unknown | 19W | |
| Radeon HD 8550G Devastator |
19 March 2013 | A8-555xM | 256:16:8 | 515 (720) |
System | 4.12 | 8.24 | DDR3L | 128 | 263.7 (368.6) | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Radeon HD 8610G Devastator |
May 2013 | A10-5745M | 384:24:8 | 533 (626) |
System | DDR3L | 128 | 409.3 (489.8) | Unknown | Unknown | |||
| Radeon HD 8650G Devastator |
19 March 2013 | A10-575xM | 384:24:8 | 533 (720) |
System | 4.26 | 12.8 | DDR3L | 128 | 409.3 (553.0) | Unknown | Unknown | |
- ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
- ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
- ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base core clock speed.
- ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ a b Lacks hardware video encoder
Radeon Feature Matrix
editThe following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).
| Name of GPU series | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage | Rage Pro | Rage 128 | R100 | R200 | R300 | R400 | R500 | R600 | RV670 | R700 | Evergreen | Northern Islands |
Southern Islands |
Sea Islands |
Volcanic Islands |
Arctic Islands/Polaris |
Vega | Navi 1x | Navi 2x | Navi 3x | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Released | 1986 | 1991 | Apr 1996 |
Mar 1997 |
Aug 1998 |
Apr 2000 |
Aug 2001 |
Sep 2002 |
May 2004 |
Oct 2005 |
May 2007 |
Nov 2007 |
Jun 2008 |
Sep 2009 |
Oct 2010 |
Dec 2010 |
Jan 2012 |
Sep 2013 |
Jun 2015 |
Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 | Jun 2017, Feb 2019 | Jul 2019 |
Nov 2020 |
Dec 2022 | |||
| Marketing Name | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage |
Rage Pro |
Rage 128 |
Radeon 7000 |
Radeon 8000 |
Radeon 9000 |
Radeon X700/X800 |
Radeon X1000 |
Radeon HD 2000 |
Radeon HD 3000 |
Radeon HD 4000 |
Radeon HD 5000 |
Radeon HD 6000 |
Radeon HD 7000 |
Radeon 200 |
Radeon 300 |
Radeon 400/500/600 |
Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII |
Radeon RX 5000 |
Radeon RX 6000 |
Radeon RX 7000 | ||||
| AMD support | 
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kind | 2D | 3D | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruction set architecture | Not publicly known | TeraScale instruction set | GCN instruction set | RDNA instruction set | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microarchitecture | TeraScale 1 (VLIW) |
TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) |
TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) up to 68xx |
TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) in 69xx [19][20] |
GCN 1st gen |
GCN 2nd gen |
GCN 3rd gen |
GCN 4th gen |
GCN 5th gen |
RDNA | RDNA 2 | RDNA 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Type | Fixed pipeline[a] | Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines | Unified shader model | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct3D | — | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.0 11 (9_2) |
9.0b 11 (9_2) |
9.0c 11 (9_3) |
10.0 11 (10_0) |
10.1 11 (10_1) |
11 (11_0) | 11 (11_1) 12 (11_1) |
11 (12_0) 12 (12_0) |
11 (12_1) 12 (12_1) |
11 (12_1) 12 (12_2) | ||||||||||||
| Shader model | — | 1.4 | 2.0+ | 2.0b | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 6.5 |
6.7 | ||||||||||||||||
| OpenGL | — | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.1[b][21] | 3.3 | 4.5[22][23][24][c] | 4.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Vulkan | — | 1.1 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OpenCL | — | Close to Metal | 1.1 (not supported by Mesa) | 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) | 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+) (on Linux ROCM, Mesa 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ |
2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[25][26][27] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| HSA / ROCm | — |
|
? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Video decoding ASIC | — | Avivo/UVD | UVD+ | UVD 2 | UVD 2.2 | UVD 3 | UVD 4 | UVD 4.2 | UVD 5.0 or 6.0 | UVD 6.3 | UVD 7 [28][d] | VCN 2.0 [28][d] | VCN 3.0 [29] | VCN 4.0 | |||||||||||||
| Video encoding ASIC | — | VCE 1.0 | VCE 2.0 | VCE 3.0 or 3.1 | VCE 3.4 | VCE 4.0 [28][d] | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluid Motion [e] |
|
|
|
? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Power saving | ? | PowerPlay | PowerTune | PowerTune & ZeroCore Power | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| TrueAudio | — | Via dedicated DSP | Via shaders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FreeSync | — | 1 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HDCP[f] | — | ? | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 [30] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| PlayReady[f] | — | 3.0 |
|
3.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported displays[g] | 1–2 | 2 | 2–6 | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Max. resolution | ? | 2–6 × 2560×1600 |
2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz |
2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz |
3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [31] |
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor |
7680x4320
@165 HZ | ||||||||||||||||||||
/drm/radeon[h]
|
|
— | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
/drm/amdgpu[h]
|
— | Optional [32] |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
- ^ The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
- ^ R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
- ^ OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
- ^ a b c The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
- ^ Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
- ^ a b To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
- ^ More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
- ^ a b DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMDGPU-PRO Driver for Linux Release Notes". 2017. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ JeGX (May 2018). "AMD Adrenalin 18.4.1 Graphics Driver Released (OpenGL 4.6, Vulkan 1.1.70)". Geeks3D. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ "AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan". GPUOpen. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD Catalyst 15.7.1 Driver for Windows® Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD's 2012 - 2013 Client CPU/GPU/APU Roadmap Revealed". AnandTech. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ "AMD Sea Islands HD 8850 and 8870 Specifications Leaked". 18 September 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^ "Details Leak on AMD's Sea Islands HD 8900 Series Graphics Cards - PC Perspective". pcper.com. 21 September 2012.
- ^ AMD Reiterates 2013 GPU Plans: Sea Islands & Beyond - Anandtech, 15 Feb 2013
- ^ "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
- ^ a b "The Khronos Group". 18 August 2022.
- ^ JeGX (10 March 2016). "AMD Crimson 16.3 Graphics Driver Available with Vulkan Support". Geeks3D. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 amd.com [dead link]
- ^ "Radeon™ Software Adrenalin Edition 18.3.3 Release Notes". AMD. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
- ^ "Product info" (PDF). www.amd.com.
- ^ "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. 19 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture
- ^ "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
- ^ "AMD Launches The Radeon PRO W7500/W7600 RDNA3 GPUs". Phoronix. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ "AMD Radeon Pro 5600M Grafikkarte". TopCPU.net (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ a b c Killian, Zak (22 March 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ Larabel, Michael (15 September 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
- ^ Edmonds, Rich (4 February 2022). "ASUS Dual RX 6600 GPU review: Rock-solid 1080p gaming with impressive thermals". Windows Central. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ^ "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ "AMDGPU". Retrieved 29 December 2023.