Jhumur or Jhumar or Jhumair is a form of folk music prevalent in the Chota Nagpur plateau, primarily in Jharkhand, southwestern region of West Bengal and northern part of Odisha. Also in the Tea State of Assam due to emigration.[1] Jhumar songs are sung in various social events (i.e. primarily in Karam, Tusu, Bandna) by aboriginal communities like Kuṛmi, Oraon, Chik Baraik, Bagal, Bhumij, Rajwar, Munda.[2][3][4][5]
Overview
editThe word Jhumar derived from Jhum (Shifting cultivation), which is a regional name of the primitive way of cultivation by aboriginals in eastern India and Bangladesh. In earlier period, it was a form of shouting (locally known as Hawka/ Hanka) by working women in the form of short lines describing their emotions in the agriculture field. In the influence of Hinduism the song is colored with religious Gods like Radha Krishna, Rama Lakshmana.[1]
The Jhumar songs vary depending upon the region of singer as the Jhumar culture comprises a vast region of east india. So other dominant languages are intermixed with the song, making different dialectical songs. However, the Jhumar songs are primarily formatted in Nagpuri, Kurmali and Bengali language but as Non Ariyan tribal groups also observe the Jhumar associated festivals, So they sing in synthesized form of their native language and Nagpuri/Kurmali/Bengali language.[4][6] In general, Jhumar songs are classified into two broad group i.e. Traditional Jhumar and Modified Jhumar. Some example of Traditional Jhumar are Adivasi Jhumur, Kathi Jhumur, Nachni Jhumur and Darbari, Pala, Dand are the examples of Modified Jhumar.[7][8]
Adibasi, Bagalia, Baha, Bhaduria, Burihi, Chaitali, Dand, Darbari, Darsalia, Galoari, Jharkhandia, Jheta, Jhika, Jhikadang, Karam, Khatinach, Kurmali, Lagrey, Magha, Matoari, NachniNach, Pala, Pata, Raila, Riuja, Sadhu, Saharja, Tand, Thant and many more are the various disciplined Jhumar songs themed in Laukik Prem, Pouranik, Prahelika, Radha Krishna and Samajik.[1][9]
Notable singer
edit- Dulal Manki, Jhumair singer from Assam
- Indrani Mahato,[10] Jhumar Singer from West Bengal
- Mahavir Nayak, Theth Nagpuri singer
- Jhumur Akhter Riya, Bangladeshi singer
References
edit- ^ a b c Mondal, Anindya (August 2018). "Jhumur Song: A Geo – Environmental Analysis". Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education. XV (6): 35–37. doi:10.29070/15/57671. ISSN 2230-7540. S2CID 135187216. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ Singh, Kumar Suresh (2008). People of India: Bihar, including Jharkhand (2 pts). Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7046-302-3.
- ^ Sinha, Manik Lal. "Jhumar of the West Bengal highlands". Indianculture.gov.in. Retrieved 2022-04-05.
- ^ a b Vakoch, Douglas A.; Anae, Nicole (2022-08-08). Indian Feminist Ecocriticism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-6669-0872-5.
- ^ Sattar 1975, p. 149
- ^ Chaudhary, P.C. Roy (17 February 1968). "The Jhumur of Bengal". Mainstream. 6 (19–41): 27–28.
- ^ Dey, Falguni. "Folk Culture of West Bengal". Journal of Institute of Landscape Ecology and Ekistics. 35 (1). ISSN 0971-4170.
- ^ Sinha, Manik Lal (1974). Jhumar of the West Bengal highlands. Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi.
- ^ Narayan Chattopadhyay (1999). "Jhumur" Lokosanskriti and Adivasi Sanskriti Kendra, Kolkata.
- ^ "জঙ্গলমহলের নাইটিঙ্গল". www.anandabazar.com (in Bengali). Retrieved 2022-09-06.
Further reading
edit- Sattar, Abdus (1975). Tribal Culture in Bangladesh. Dacca, Bangladesh: Muktadhara. pp. 128–132, 149–152. OCLC 2423269. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
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