Ĵ or ĵ (J circumflex) is a letter in Esperanto orthography representing the sound [ʒ].[1]

J with circumflex
Ĵ ĵ Jh jh Jx jx
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabet
Language of originEsperanto language
Sound values[ʒ]
In UnicodeU+0134 U+0135
Alphabetical position14
History
Development
Time period1887 to present
Other
Writing directionLeft-to-right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĵ is based on the French pronunciation of the letter j to better preserve the shape of borrowings from that language (such as ĵurnalo from journal) than Slavic ž would.

Ĵ is the fourteenth letter in Esperanto orthography. Although it is written as jx and jh respectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as J with a circumflex: ĵ.

Ĵ is used in the Persian Latin (Rumi) alphabet, equivalent to ژ.[citation needed]

Usage

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In mathematics

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  • The letter ĵ is often used to denote a unit vector in mathematics and physics for representing y-vector.

Character mappings

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Character information
Preview Ĵ ĵ
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 308 U+0134 309 U+0135
UTF-8 196 180 C4 B4 196 181 C4 B5
Numeric character reference Ĵ Ĵ ĵ ĵ
Named character reference Ĵ ĵ

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Esperanto language, alphabet and pronunciation".