Idel-Ural State
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The Idel-Ural State also known as "Volga-Ural State", "Idel-Ural Republic"[3] was a short-lived Tatar republic located in Kazan that claimed to unite Tatars, Bashkirs, Volga Germans, and the Chuvash in the turmoil of the Russian Civil War. Often viewed[by whom?] as an attempt to recreate the Khanate of Kazan, the republic was proclaimed on 1 March 1918, by a Congress of Muslims from Russia's interior and Siberia.[4] "Idel-Ural" means "Volga-Ural" in the Tatar language.
Idel-Ural State Идел-Урал | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918–1918 | |||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||
| Status | Semi-Independent state | ||||||||
| Capital | Kazan | ||||||||
| Common languages | Tatar, Russian, German | ||||||||
| Government | Republic[1] | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1918 | Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal[2] | ||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
• Proclamation | 1 March 1918 | ||||||||
• Government in-exile | 1918 | ||||||||
• Defeat by Red Army | 28 March 1918 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Republic, which in reality included only some sections of Kazan, was defeated by the Red Army on 28 March 1918.[5][6][7]
The president of Idel-Ural, Sadrí Maqsudí Arsal, escaped to Finland in 1918. He was well received by the Finnish foreign minister Carl Enckell, who remembered his valiant defence of the national self-determination and constitutional rights of Finland in the Russian Duma.[citation needed] The president-in-exile also met officials from Estonia before continuing in 1919 to Sweden, Germany and France, in a quest for Western support. Idel-Ural was listed among the "Captive Nations" in the Cold War-era public law (1959) of the United States.[8]
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
- ^ https://www.idelreal.org/a/tatarskomu-parlamentu-100-let/28886696.html
- ^ https://www.idelreal.org/a/29306275.html
- ^ https://www.idelreal.org/a/29306275.html
- ^ https://www.idelreal.org/a/29306275.html
- ^ The Trans Bulak Republic- view after 85 years
- ^ Commissar and Mullah: Soviet-Muslim Policy from 1917 to 1924, Glenn L. Roberts, Universal-Publishers, 2007, p.178
- ^ The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations, Olivier Roy, I.B.Tauris, 2000, p.44
- ^ Campbell, John Coert (1965). American Policy Toward Communist Eastern Europe: the Choices Ahead. University of Minnesota Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-8166-0345-6.
External linksEdit