Wikipedia

Hurricane Hone

Hurricane Hone was a long-lived tropical cyclone that impacted the U.S. state of Hawaii in August 2024. The eighth named storm, and third hurricane of the 2024 Pacific hurricane season, Hone was also the first tropical cyclone to form in the North Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin since 2019.[1] Hone developed from two disturbances that formed over the northeastern Pacific Ocean in late August 2024. The two disturbances eventually merged into a larger area of disturbed weather on August 20.[a] The merged system steadily became more organized, and the development of persistent deep convection over its center led to its designation as Tropical Depression One-C on August 22. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm six hours later and was named Hone.[b] Hone gradually strengthened as it approached Hawaii from the southeast. On August 25, Hone strengthened into a hurricane while located just south of Hawaii's Big Island. After passing near the islands with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h), Hone began to weaken as it continued westward away from Hawaii, and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center ultimately designated Hone as a post-tropical low near the International Date Line on September 1. However, the system continued to be monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency and Joint Typhoon Warning Center until the following day.

Hurricane Hone
Hurricane Hone south of the Big Island on August 25
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 22, 2024
Post-tropicalSeptember 2, 2024
Category 1 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds85 mph (140 km/h)
Lowest pressure988 mbar (hPa); 29.18 inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone
DamageMinor
Areas affectedHawaii, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Part of the 2024 Pacific hurricane
and typhoon seasons

Prior to its designation as a tropical depression, the National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center warned of Hone's potential to bring heavy rainfall and dangerous rip currents to the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii County Civil Defense was activated ahead of the storm's anticipated passage. A tropical storm warning was issued for the Big Island, while various flood and wildfire warnings were issued for other parts of the island chain. Hone dropped very heavy rainfall across the Big Island, with some areas seeing 18 inches (460 millimeters) or more fall during the storm's passage just 50 nautical miles south of South Point. Strong waves and rip currents buffeted the coast of the island. Overall minor damage was reported from Hone across Hawaii.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 17, a small low-pressure area far to the southeast of the Hawaiian Islands.[3] Producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms, this low-pressure area drifted near 140°W, while a second, broader area of low pressure developed to the east later that day.[4] The western disturbance was given the designation EP90, while the eastern disturbance was designated EP91. EP90 gradually became better organized, while EP91 remained broad and disorganized, located between EP90 to its west and Tropical Storm Gilma to its east.[5] The twin disturbances continued to interact, and eventually merged on August 21, forming a new well-defined area of low pressure.[6] On August 22, the disturbance moved into the North Central Pacific tropical cyclone basin.[7] By 15:00 UTC that day, the system had acquired enough deep convection over its low-level circulation center (LLCC) to be designated Tropical Depression One-C.[8] Six hours later, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Hone as the cyclone began to produce gale-force winds and its curved rainbands improved in structure.[9]

Hone gradually strengthened through August 23 and 24. Despite lacking much deep convection, Hone had a well-defined cloud field, while over moderately warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs).[10] Hone developed more deep convection and convective banding as it intensified. The storm moved just north of due west under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.[11] Continuing on this trajectory, at 8:00 UTC on August 25, Hone strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. Around this time, the cyclone was passing 50 nautical miles south of South Point on the Big Island.[12] Hone reached its thus-far peak intensity at 15:00 UTC on August 25 with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (135 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 988 mbar (29.2 inHg).[13] Increasing wind shear and drier air caused Hone to begin to weaken as it continued westward away from Hawaii. On August 26, Hone weakened back to a tropical storm.[14] Gradually losing deep convection and organization, Hone continued to spin down over open waters while facing increasingly strong wind shear.[15] Early on August 30, while moving steadily to the west-northwest, Hone weakened to a tropical depression.[16] However, a persistent burst of convection within the system made it a tropical storm again early the following day.[17] Hone continued to meander near the International Date Line. Despite moving northward into more favorable environmental conditions, with warm SSTs and lower wind shear, interaction with a nearby area of low pressure, dryer air and the storm's increasingly ragged low-level circulation center (LLCC) prevented Hone from strengthening more.[18] Hone and the low eventually merged, resulting in the system's extratropical transition on September 1.[19]

On September 2, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) noted that Hone had entered the Western Pacific basin as a tropical depression.[20] A few hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) noted the system, which it designated a subtropical depression, was in an environment marginally unfavorable for development.[21] Hone exhibited a highly asymmetric convective structure, characterized by convective bands encircling a broad center.[22] The JTWC issued its final warning on Hone later that day.[23]

Preparations

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Hone (left), alongside Hurricane Gilma (center), and Tropical Storm Hector (right), on August 26

Both the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) warned of Hone's potential to bring heavy rainfall and strong winds and waves to portions of the main Hawaiian Islands while the system was still developing.[7][8] Stronger winds from Hone presented the threat of spreading wildfires across the Big Island and Maui, a year after the devastating 2023 Hawaii wildfires which were partially influenced by Hurricane Dora.[24] Hawaii County Civil Defense was activated on August 22, while the county's Department of Public Works assessed infrastructure on the big island ahead of Hone's expected passage to the south. The 2024 International Va’a Federation finals, an international competition in the sport of outrigger canoeing (va’a), was scheduled to end early due to the weather threats.[1][25] A tropical storm watch and flood watch were both issued for the Big Island shortly after Hone's formation, while a tropical storm warning was put in place for offshore waters surrounding the entire state.[26] The tropical storm watch was upgraded to a warning for the Big Island at 3:00 UTC on August 24.[10] A red flag alert, indicating conditions were very favorable for a wildfire, was issued for 10AM to 6PM HST on August 24 due to Hone's strong winds pushing dry air north of the storm over parts of the island chain.[2] Wind advisories were also issued for the islands of Maui, Oahu and Kauai.[27] Flood mitigation equipment, such as culverts, were prepared for the coming storm by emergency management officials in Maui.[28]

On August 24, Hawaii Governor Josh Green issued an emergency proclamation for the state.[29] Hawaiian Airlines issued a travel waiver for those with flights to Hilo or Kona on August 24 and 25. Various high school sport and youth outdoors events were cancelled by the Hawaii High School Athletic Association and Department of Land and Natural Resources, respectively.[30] Despite this, the Hawaii Tourism Authority informed travelers that it was still safe to come to the island during Hone's passage, but to avoid outdoor activities.[2] All of Hawaii's campgrounds were closed through August 26 due to the storm, as well as Punaluʻu Beach and Whittington Beach parks.[31][32] Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park was closed due to tropical storm conditions.[33] As rounds of rain from Hone began to impact the Big Island, flash flood watches were issued there as well.[34]

As Hone moved erratically northwest of Hawaii, a tropical storm watch was issued for Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll and part of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument.[35] The watches were eventually discontinued as Hone became extratropical.[18][19]

Impact

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Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Hawaii
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1473 58.00 Lane 2018 Kahūnā Falls, Hawaii [36]
2 1321 52.00 Hiki 1950 Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station [37]
3 985 38.76 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch 36 [38]
4 700 28.82 Hone 2024 Hakalau [39]
5 635 25.00 Maggie 1970 Various stations [40]
6 519 20.42 Nina 1957 Wainiha [41]
7 516 20.33 Iwa 1982 Intake Wainiha 1086 [42]
8 476 18.75 Fabio 1988 Papaikou Mauka 140.1 [42]
9 387 15.25 Iselle 2014 Kulani NWR [43]
10 381 15.00 One-C 1994 Waiākea-Uka, Piihonua [44]

Very heavy rainfall fell across the Big Island of Hawaii as Hurricane Hone passed to the south, with communities in the Kaʻū District, between Nāʻālehu and South Point seeing as much as 2 in (51 mm) of rain falling per hour.[45] Rainfall totals reached 10 in (250 mm) to 15 in (380 mm) inches across the island, with more local flooding of 18 in (460 mm) or higher.[46] The highest rainfall occurred in Hakalau, where more than 27.5 in (700 mm) fell, while the USGS Saddle Quarry station recorded nearly 20 in (510 mm).[47][48] The rainfall, however, was beneficial in some areas as it alleviated fears of wildfires and allowed red flag warnings to be discontinued. Only a small wildfire occurred on the night of August 23 in Waikoloa on the Big Island, located within the drier side of the island.[49] Strong winds also impacted the Big Island, with a maximum wind gust of 72 mph (116 km/h) recorded at Kohala Ranch.[48]

Life-threatening surf and rip currents impacted Hawaii as well due to Hone.[50] Flooding and fallen trees caused the closing of several roads on the Big Island, including Hawaiian Highway 11, between Kona and Hilo.[49] At least 7,200 people lost power within the first few hours of Hone's passage.[34] That number rose to 11,099 by midnight local time on August 25.[51] A total of almost 26,000 people lost electricity due to Hone, the majority of them on the Big Island.[46] However, power was restored to all but 2,000 by the next day.[52] Strong winds and large waves lashed the island as Hone approached.[53] The intense weather from Hone caused several flight cancellations at Hilo International Airport.[30][54]

On the island of Maui, strong winds tore the roof off a house. A mudslide also covered part of the Hana Highway near Upper Waikani Falls.[55] Power outages occurred on the islands of Maui and Oahu.[56] A boat ran aground on the western shore of Kauai amidst the storm.[55] Despite the significant flooding, only minor damage was reported from Hone.[50]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ All dates and times are in Coordinated Universal Time, unless otherwise noted.
  2. ^ The name Hone is a Hawaiian word meaning “sweet and soft”.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b Nikki Schenfeld (August 22, 2024). "Hawaii County preps for winds, heavy rain this weekend". KHON2 News. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Audrey McAvoy (August 24, 2024). "Hawaii's Big Island is under a tropical storm warning as Hone approaches with rain and wind". AP News. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  3. ^ Larry Kelly (August 16, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook 1100PM PDT 08-16-24 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  4. ^ Philippe Papin (August 17, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook 1100AM PDT 08-17-24 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  5. ^ David Zelinsky (August 19, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook 500AM PDT 08-19-24 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  6. ^ Philippe Papin; Ghassan Alaka (August 21, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook 500AM PDT 08-21-24 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Philippe Papin (August 22, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook 500AM PDT 08-22-24 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  8. ^ a b Jon Jelsema (August 22, 2024). Tropical Depression One-C Discussion Number 1 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  9. ^ Maureen Ballard; Robert Ballard (August 22, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 2 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Derek Wroe (August 23, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida, United States: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  11. ^ Jon Jelsema; Alex Gibbs (August 24, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 9 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  12. ^ Jon Jelsema; Alex Gibbs (August 24, 2024). Hurricane Hone Discussion Number 12 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  13. ^ Jon Jelsema; Alex Gibbs (August 25, 2024). Hurricane Hone Discussion Number 13 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  14. ^ Robert Ballard (August 25, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 16 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  15. ^ Ricahrd Pasch (August 27, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 21 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  16. ^ Robert Ballard; Matthew Foster (August 29, 2024). Tropical Depression Hone Discussion Number 31 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  17. ^ Jeff Powell (August 31, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 37 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  18. ^ a b Jon Jeselma (August 31, 2024). Tropical Storm Hone Discussion Number 40 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  19. ^ a b Derek Wroe (September 1, 2024). Post-Tropical Cyclone Hone Discussion Number 42 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  20. ^ Warning and Summary 020000 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. September 2, 2024. Archived from the original on August 30, 2024. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  21. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 0030Z 2 September 2024 Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 September 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-09-02. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  22. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 0600Z 2 September 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 September 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-09-02. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  23. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 1200Z 2 September 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  24. ^ Matthew Cappucci (August 22, 2024). "What to know about looming tropical storm threats near Hawaii". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  25. ^ "Recognized Disciplines: VA'A". American Canoe Association. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  26. ^ Ian Livingston (August 23, 2024). "Tropical storm watch issued for Hawaii's Big Island as Hone approaches". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  27. ^ "LIST: Weather alerts in effect as Tropical Storm Hone approaches islands". Hawaii News Now. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  28. ^ "Maui County residents advised to prepare as Tropical Storm Hone approaches". MAUI NOW. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
  29. ^ "Gov. Green issues Emergency Proclamation for Tropical Storm Hone". MAUI NOW. August 24, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  30. ^ a b "LIST: Closures, cancellations and changes due to Tropical Storm Hone". HawaiiNewsNow. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  31. ^ Scott Sistek (August 24, 2024). "Tropical Storm Warning issued for Hawaii's Big Island as Hone's outer bands arrive". FOX Weather. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  32. ^ "Tropical Storm Warning Issued For Hawaiʻi Island, Closures Announced". Big Island Video News. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  33. ^ Mirna Alsharif (August 25, 2024). "Hurricane Hone brings heavy rain and damaging winds to Hawaii's Big Island". NBC News. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  34. ^ a b Steven Yablonski (August 25, 2024). "Hurricane Hone continues to strengthen as Hawaii's Big Island gets slammed with flooding rain, damaging wind". FOX Weather. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  35. ^ Maureen Ballard (August 30, 2024). Tropical Depression Hone Advisory Number 34 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii, United States: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  36. ^ David Roth (2019). "Hurricane Lane - August 22-27, 2018". Weather Prediction Center. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  37. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Tropical Cyclones During the Years 1900-1952 (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
  38. ^ Roth, David M.; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. "Remains of Paul". Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima (GIF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  39. ^ "Hurricane Hone Preliminary Wind and Rain Summary". National Weather Service Office in Honolulu, HI. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  40. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center. The 1970 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (PDF) (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  41. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center. The 1957 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (PDF) (Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved November 28, 2007.
  42. ^ a b Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  43. ^ "Iselle Brought Heavy Rainfall and Flooding to Hawaii". National Weather Service Office in Honolulu, Hawaii. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 10, 2014. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  44. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Center. The 1994 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWSTM PR-41). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved November 28, 2007.
  45. ^ Wendy Osher (August 25, 2024). "Hone Sunday Updates: Cat. 1 Hurricane strengthens with 80 mph winds; Warning remains in effect for the Big Island". MAUI NOW. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Jorge Ortiz (August 25, 2024). "Hurricane Hone soaks Hawaii with flooding rain; another storm approaching". USA Today. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  47. ^ Steven Yablonski (August 25, 2024). "Hone weakens to tropical storm after dumping nearly 2 feet of rain on Hawaii's Big Island". FOX Weather. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  48. ^ a b Alex Sosnowski (August 26, 2024). "Tropical Storm Hone brings heavy rain, flooding to Hawaii, Gilma waits in the wings". Accuweather. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  49. ^ a b Jennifer Kelleher; Audrey McAvoy (August 25, 2024). "Hurricane Hone sweeps past Hawaii, dumping enough rain to ease wildfire fears". The Associated Press. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  50. ^ a b Isabelle Taft; Libby Leonard (August 25, 2024). "On Hawaii's Big Island, Hurricane Hone Brings Heavy Rain but No Major Damage". The New York Times. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  51. ^ "LIVE BLOG: Flooding closes Wood Valley Road on Big Island". Island News. August 24, 2024. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  52. ^ Cann, Christopher; Wong, Kathleen; Ortiz, Jorge. "Aloha Hone, now Gilma: Hurricanes keep Hawaii residents on alert". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  53. ^ "Hone's outer bands lash Hawaii's Big Island as cyclone strengthens into hurricane". Head Topics. August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  54. ^ Steven Yablonski (August 25, 2024). "Hurricane Hone continues moving south of Hawaii bringing flooding rain, angry waves". FOX Weather. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
  55. ^ a b Eddie Dowd (August 26, 2024). "Hone leaves behind muddy mess after lashing Hawaii Island as a Cat 1 hurricane". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  56. ^ "Hone downgraded to tropical storm after pounding Hawaii's Big Island with flooding rains". Fox Weather. New York Post. August 26, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
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